Strategic Direction of Russia Interpreted from Its New National Security Strategy

In July 2021,Russia unveiled its new National Security Strategy,which is a considerably updated version compared with the previous one and hence presents several new features.For instance,it further stresses that security should be prioritized over other aspects;it gives more attention to the chaotic aspects of order change in its assessment of the international situation;it highlights the threats from the West;and it places increased emphasis on domestic capacity building as a means for safeguarding national security.From the content of the new Strategy as well as Russia’s policies in recent years,the strategy of Russia for the foreseeable future can be generally characterized as inward-looking.Domestically,its policies will become more conservative;diplomatically,it will take up a defensive position;and economically,it will increasingly emphasize security and selfreliance.In other words,several issues that were previously overlooked will be given attention.However,strategic introversion does not mean that Russia will invest all its energy in defense.Instead,Russia will build up strength for changes that lie ahead.With the expected strategic introversion,Russia will fnd difculty in making breakthroughs in terms of its relations with the West;the China-Russia relations will continue on the path of steady development;and Russia will place greater importance to the balance of power among major countries.

Publishers’Development Strategies in Response to Changes in National Reading-Analysis Based on the 16th to 20th National Reading Survey Report

Since 2014,nationwide reading has been included in the government work report for 10 consecutive times,and twice into the country’s five-year development plan.The importance of reading for individuals,society,and the country has become increasingly prominent.National reading has flourished,and throughout the 2018 to 2022 National Reading Survey Report,there have been welcome changes in national reading in China.This study compares and analyzes the relevant reading indicators of adult nationals from 2018 to 2022,and summarizes the five changes and new trends in national reading.That is,national reading awareness has increased,paper-book reading habits have returned,digital reading has become more diversified,the listening group has grown,and the voice of national reading activities has continued to rise.Accordingly,it provides relevant development strategies for publishers.

Strategic Thinking on the Path of National Security with Chinese Characteristics

General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee Xi Jinping has creatively put forward a holistic approach to national security and the path of national security with Chinese characteristics,which are synergistic and inseparable.Compared with other major global powers,China is embarking on a path of national security that incorporates distinctive Chinese characteristics.Unlike the United States,which seeks international expansion and hegemony while pursuing national security,China is dedicated to maintaining global security and building a community with a shared future for humanity.Unlike Russia,which prioritizes national security over everything else,China places greater emphasis on balancing development and security.Unlike Europe and Japan,which entrust their national security to other countries,China has always adhered to the principle of independence and self-reliance.An essential feature of the path of national security with Chinese characteristics is that it upholds the unity of the people’s security,political security,and the supremacy of national interests.Moreover,China will remain committed to peaceful development while defending its interests.China will continue to balance development and security imperatives,maintaining an independent foreign policy while building a community with a shared future for humanity.To make solid strides on the path of national security with Chinese characteristics,the fundamental task will be pursuing a holistic approach to national security and implementing the Ten Upholds.

India’s National Security Strategy:Pursuits,Origins,and Practice

India has upheld extremely rich practices of national security since its founding as a republic because of its unique geo-environmental features, historical legacies, and traditional cultures, which reflect a type of national security strategy that has distinct Indian characteristics. Generally, successive governments in India have followed the basic principles articulated in Kautilya’s Arthasastra and various security practices adopted during the British Raj. India’s national security strategies are based on an internal logic of geopolitical rivalry and changes in international scenarios, and they are strongly influenced by Hindu traditions and the “Sad-Dharma” purported by King Ashoka. The objective is to create an India-dominated security order in the South Asian subcontinent, which persistently builds its capacity and system as a “net security provider” in the Indian Ocean Rim. Moreover, India is vigorously expanding its network of influence in the Pacific region in an effort to become a world leading power that enjoys a high level of strategic autonomy.

The New Military Revolution and International Security

The fourth wave science and technology revolution is quickly ushering in a worldwide military revolution.The major powers such as the United States,Russia and China are all striving to catch up with the wave by accelerating their own research on new military technology and the deployment of new military equipment.This presents significant changes to the international security system:the existing disarmament and arms control system is on the brink of collapse,strategic competition among the big powers has intensified,and the risk of global turbulence is on the rise.The future of international security and its mechanism depends both on the method and direction of the technology revolution,and on the ability of the big powers to put aside their differences and avoid conflict in the major arenas of competition.In this process,China should seek to play a bigger and more constructive role.This would not only be conducive to world peace and development,but is also the only way for China to secure a seat in the future international system.

德国综合安全观:理论缘起、历史演进与实践评估

德国首份《国家安全战略》以“综合安全”为要义,具有理论逻辑和历史脉络可循。德国综合安全观兴起于冷战后,其内在逻辑是对欧洲主义安全观的继承性发展,聚焦两极秩序瓦解后的经济与社会秩序稳定以及应对域外冲突,注重非传统安全,安全参与者包含国家与非国家行为体。克里米亚危机后,传统军事威胁回归欧陆,德国综合安全观“防御性”与“韧性”融合并重。俄乌冲突冲击欧洲安全秩序,德国综合安全观愈发重视国家与联盟防御,并通过“多元化”与“联盟政治”等手段推进“去风险”策略,增强经济与社会韧性,同时也呈现出泛安全化、价值观化与权力政治的特质,其影响力辐射至“印太”地区与对华政策上。然而,德国综合安全政策实践仍面临诸多挑战。防御上,德国提升国防的政治承诺与其军事资源尚不匹配。韧性上,德国“去风险”策略受国际权力对比变化、中国市场红利、德国政界与商界意见的异质性以及德国国内经济成本的制约。为此,中国应客观看待德国安全政策转型的影响。

美国全球水资源安全战略分析

由于相对实力下降,美国的霸权正面临“碎片化”与“议题化”转型。在众多涉及安全的议题中,水资源议题因为自身的敏感性,成为美国国家安全的重要组成部分。2022年美国相继发布《全球水安全行动计划》和第二个《美国全球水战略》文件,明确了未来一段时期美国在全球水资源领域的战略目标、原则、优先方向、实施路径以及项目规划。其在优先方向、重点地区以及实施路径等方面的新变化,不但会对中美在水资源领域的竞争产生重要影响,更可能干扰中国与周边国家在水资源领域的合作。中国需加强跟踪研判和科学谋划,不断调整和优化与周边国家开展水资源合作及治理的政策和路径,化解美国对华开展水资源竞争所带来的风险。

三重战略逻辑视域下的德国国家安全战略

德国出台的首份《国家安全战略》报告引起了国际社会的广泛关注。以大战略、机会主义、风险管理三种制定战略的政治逻辑为视角,系统检视德国的首份《国家安全战略》报告,可以发现,德国国家安全战略目前仍属于一种较为模糊的原则性规划,其详细行动计划还有待观察。同时,从长期的历史角度看,德国国家安全战略还存在有限的机会主义特征。此外,德国的国家安全政策以防范风险为主,重点是对军事、经济和制度的风险管理。在这种混合性质的国家安全战略引导下,未来德国外交中克制文化的约束力将进一步弱化,跨大西洋伙伴关系会进一步巩固,欧洲战略自主也将在北约框架下艰难推进,但德国国家安全战略的实施将受到其失稳的内政和美国大战略变动等因素的多重影响。

国家安全观视域下的美国数据隐私框架探析

[目的/意义]从国家安全观视角,不仅能考察美国数据隐私保护框架的顶层设计,也能充分、全面、立体地揭示出美国数据隐私保护制度的整体趋势与优劣,为我国跨境数字贸易流通有效安全政策的制定提供理论依据。[方法/过程]运用文献研究与内容分析法,对美国新型国家安全观的基本构成与特点、数据隐私立法演化历程及其数据隐私框架进行了分析。[结果/结论]美国新型国家安全观下的数据隐私保护以数字经济优先发展为前提;其数据隐私整体框架,由国内和跨境数据保护与流动规则两个部分组成;美国数据隐私保护统一立法、跨境数据流动监管与治理现代化立法成为趋势;美国主导的同盟国跨境数据流动圈的形成,成为逆全球化的数据贸易壁垒;构建“共同价值观下的网络空间命运共同体”成为中国的必然选择。

基于国家安全战略的美俄网络空间安全观对比及启示

[研究目的]网络空间大国博弈影响国家安全,对美俄网络安全观的对比研究,可为研究全球网络空间博弈及制定我国网络空间战略提供必要的借鉴。[研究方法]以网络安全观理论为基础,以冷战后美俄国家安全战略为样本,通过内容分析对美俄网络安全话语演变的特点、认知逻辑与差异原因开展对比研究。[研究结论]研究表明,美俄网络安全观演变与地缘政治密切相关,两国不断因势调整,在网络安全理念、网络安全战略、网络安全维护手段上呈现内外、技术、主权等差异特征。我国高度关注全球主要国家网络安全战略的动态,通过健全战略体系、完善规则体系、强化防御体系,不断推进我国网络空间安全战略升级。

我国新时代的国家安全战略:理论品格、实践展开和体系建构

中华人民共和国成立后,我国的国家安全战略经历了一个提出、发展、强化的阶段过程,取得了长足的发展。新时代维护国家安全的实践需要新时代国家安全战略的指导,党和国家也充分认识到国家安全战略的重要性。通过对新时代国家安全战略进行文本分析,有助于对新时代国家安全战略的目标和任务、原则、实施手段等因素形成统一认识。我国新时代的国家安全战略有植根于悠久传统战略文化的理论品格,并由于新时代国家安全战略优秀的理论品格,在实践展开中有效解决了威胁和损害我国国家利益的国家安全事件。因此,我国新时代的国家安全战略建构可以在提高透明度、提升系统性、强化监督、重视文化安全、关注全球等方面予以完善。

总体国家安全观视域下的母语安全探赜

语言与政治、文化的密切关联,决定了总体国家安全观聚焦母语安全之维的必然。母语安全关涉人们之于国家、民族情感依存、身份认同、文化自信的重大问题。中国前现代、现代、后现代三者叠加的复杂语境中母语安全危机显像,母语网络污染、母语思维异化、母语文化断裂成为突出表征。强化母语安全意识、构建母语安全体系、重构母语文化魅力是应对母语安全危机的可行策略。

拜登政府“一体化威慑”战略评析

拜登政府的“一体化威慑”战略将“惩罚性威慑”和“拒止性威慑”统合,更注重“拒止性威慑”;将核威慑与常规威慑统合,更注重核威慑、新兴技术赋能的战略威慑,以及“混合战争”与“灰色地带”较量中的常规威慑;将军事部门的威慑和其他部门的威慑统合,更注重集体安全机制的威慑作用。拜登政府之所以提出该战略,一是为了适应国家安全环境改变的需要,重点加大对中俄两国的遏制力度,防范并争取在潜在的大国战争中获胜;二是进一步整合利用盟伴体系,阻止盟伴的离心倾向;三是提升美军战力,维护美国在全球的军事优势。当前该战略处于边执行边完善的过程中,拜登政府正着力强化军备建设,推进前沿威慑;加大盟伴军事体系建设,强化在欧亚大陆的联合军事威慑;提高内政外交一体化程度,加快内部发展并提升对外制裁围堵力度。但是,由于存在不顾国力局限而发动攻势、四面出击以及对安全的管理协调能力要求非常高等问题,该战略的推行受到严重束缚。

粮食安全与国家战略的关系及战略调整研究

探讨了粮食安全与国家战略之间的紧密联系,以及如何进行战略调整以应对粮食安全挑战。粮食安全对于国家的经济发展、农业现代化和农村稳定至关重要。为了确保粮食供应的稳定性、质量安全性和粮食生产的可持续性,国家需要进行战略调整和优化。调整包括改革农业生产模式、加强粮食储备体系、推动科技创新、加强国际合作和强化政策支持等。通过优化调整措施,可以实现粮食安全与国家发展的良性互动。综上所述,粮食安全是国家战略的重要组成部分,需要国家在政策和实践层面进行有效的战略调整,以确保粮食供应的稳定性,促进农业可持续发展和社会稳定。

大国竞争中的《国防工业战略》:动因、特点及启示

深入剖析《国防工业战略》文本,从背景动因、创新举措、显著特点等层面进行梳理提炼,并据此进行评鉴。美国此部《国防工业战略》具有对抗性、生产性、动员性、联合性等特点,但它无法从根本上解决美国霸权野心与国防工业能力之间的矛盾,国际国内两方面举措的推进预计都将面临巨大困难。我国可通过巩固提高一体化国家战略体系和能力,加强国防工业能力的安全性、灵活性和融合性建设加以应对。

拜登政府国家情报战略的注意力分配及其实践启示——基于对美国2023年《国家情报战略》的解析

[研究目的]解析拜登政府发布的2023年美国《国家情报战略》,厘清其国家情报战略的内容架构以及背后的深层逻辑,为我国优化国家情报工作提供有益的镜鉴。[研究方法]引入注意力分配理论视角,利用文本分析法在横向上归纳美国2023年《国家情报战略》的注意力分配特征,在纵向上与美国前四版《国家情报战略》进行比较,揭示拜登政府国家情报战略的注意力分配逻辑。[研究结论]拜登政府国家情报战略的心理基础是以应对大国竞争为主导建立情报认知,美国情报界在组织层面趋向以职业化、一体化为原则促进情报融合,在行为策略层面以技术赋能、联盟互动为重点实施情报改革。美国2023年《国家情报战略》主线目标保持稳健,其聚焦已完成转型。对于我国,要遵循注意力形成与转化的内在规律,塑造内源、外源协同驱动的国家情报工作体系。

人工智能国防战略的目标、愿景与实施路径:国际经验与启示

[研究目的]随着网络技术、大数据技术和人工智能技术的飞速发展,人工智能技术的社会化应用已经成为影响国家安全的重要技术因素。通过分析各国人工智能国家安全报告,解析各国将人工智能技术应用在国家安全方面的战略思路及其融合措施,能够为我国人工智能国防战略体系的制定和国家安全治理带来启发和借鉴价值。[研究方法]主要从人工智能军事运用的目标、愿景和应用领域三个方面阐述了各国人工智能国防战略思路。[研究结论]在人工智能融合军事领域有着多种方案,并且在加大资金投入、建立专门的委员会、吸引高科技人才、加强盟国合作等方面已经付诸行动。基于此,以具体国情出发,从顶层设计、深度融合、吸引高技术人才、构建国际技术和治理联盟、落实国防监管、发展协同人工智能产业六个方面,提出了我国人工智能国防战略体系的制定方向和具体实施路径。

专利视域下“卡脖子”关键技术识别及突破策略——以OLED技术领域为例

[研究目的]建立科学高效的“卡脖子”技术识别框架,有效识别关键核心技术领域的“卡脖子”技术,可以为中国实现“卡脖子”关键核心技术攻关和高水平科技自立自强提供科学依据。[研究方法]该研究首先对“卡脖子”技术的内涵和特征进行了剖析,明晰“卡脖子”技术的概念。其次采用改进PageRank算法和HITS算法对核心专利及关键核心技术进行识别,在此基础上从技术差距、产业安全和战略竞争三个维度设计识别指标和研判标准筛选出“卡脖子”技术。最后,采用“卡脖子”技术突破策略矩阵,提出“卡脖子”关键核心技术的突破路径。[研究结论]以OLED技术领域为样本,共识别出3项优势技术、4项轻度“卡脖子”技术和23项重度“卡脖子”技术,结果表明识别结果与我国OLED技术领域的发展现状一致,证明了模型的有效性和科学性。最后,论文也分别为重度“卡脖子”关键核心技术提供了颠覆、攻坚、挖壕和卡位4种不同的技术突破策略。

土耳其国家安全战略:演变、特征与实践

Over the past century since the Republic of Türkiye was founded,its national security mechanisms have undergone a process of transformation from military-dominated to civilian government-dominated,and the ideology guiding its national security strategy has gradually transitioned from Kemalism to Erdo?anism.At the present stage,Türkiye's national security strategy is prominently characterized by its geographical and cultural duality,the expansivity deep-rooted in its history and religion,and an enterprising response to its geopolitical realities.Such a strategy will comprehensively shape Türkiye's practice of preserving national security and guide the future of its security policies,prompting the country to seek a balance between its differentiated perceptions of identity and generalized national interests.

《美国国家情报战略》中国家安全论述的演进

[研究目的]梳理对比分析5版美国《国家情报战略》中有关国家安全的论述,剖析情报战略制定的基本逻辑,探究其中演进规律,对我加强国家情报建设有现实意义。[研究方法]采用文献分析和对比分析法,从评估战略环境、界定国家利益、定位安全威胁和明确转型目标角度,剖析各版国家情报战略之间的异同点,展现美国情报界视角下国家安全的变化与演进。[研究结论]全球战略环境的关联性和复杂性与日俱增,极大压缩了决策周期和情报预警时间。应进一步细化国家情报工作方针与政策,着力构建国家情报工作机构间的信息共享平台,建立健全国家情报工作协调机制,加强国家情报力量建设,健全国家安全情报学科建设,以紧扣国家核心利益,充分识别来自各方面的威胁与挑战,有效维护国家安全利益。