Ideas for the realization of China＇s overall national basic pension of workers

At present, the overall low level of pensions, chaotic management, regardless of the central and local powers, capital depreciation of greater risk. Plus various regions of pension imbalances, leading to a pension ＂empty accounts＂ has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, to achieve the basic pension national urban, it is an effective measure to deal with these problems. Manpower is a systematic project, implementation may face difficulties. Therefore, the need to coordinate all aspects of the relationship, select the appropriate time to reform, optimize the overall path, and improve related measures is to ensure the smooth implementation of integrated basis.

TECC Applied in Geopark for a Case Study of Qixia Planning National Geopark

This paper applied the theory of TECC(Tourism Environmental Carrying Capacity) into the case of Qixia Planning National Geopark.We adopt new planning framework to do the planning of TECC。

National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) Indo-Pacific Oceanic Channel Project Special Issue

1 INTRODUCTION The tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans span over twothirds of the global tropical oceans.A major warm pool with the highest large-scale sea surface temperature of the global oceans is located in the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans.The climate systems over the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans are subject to strong ocean-atmosphere coupling at multiple scales from intraseasonal to interannual,and to centennial.The

Universal Basic Education and National Development:Issues and the Way Out

Education has been identified as one of the best financial investitment any government can make.Education is a human right and indispensible means of realising other human right..Studies has shown that a good basic education is a sine qua non for subsequent progress in the life of an average citezen.The Nationalm Policy on Education 2004 opined that basic education is the key to the success or failure of the whole system since the rest of the education is built on it.A good basic education provides a background and foundation that gruarantees better educational attainment in the future.The Universal Declarattion of Human Right in article 13(1)of the convention stated that“education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality”.It also added in Article 13(2)that primary education must be universal,ensure that basic learning needs of all children are satisfied and take into account the culture,needs and opportunities of the community.The above stated policies and conventions have serious implication for the financing and management of educational programmes and provision of funds for the realization of the objectives of basic education.Based on this therefore,the paper focused on the discusion of brief over view of universal primary education,conceptual clarification,impact of universal basic education on national development,issues in universal basic education and national developmen.The papewr finally made some suggestions on the way out in solving problems facing universal basic education in Nigeria.

National Conference on Basic Research Held in Beijing

Under the joint sponsorship ofthe Ministry of Science and Tech-nology, Ministry of Education, theChinese Academy of Science(CAS), the Chinese Academy ofEngineering (CAE) and the Na-tional Natural Science Foundationof China (NSFC), a national con-ference on basic research was heldfron March 27-29 in Beijing.

CAS ACHIEVEMENTS IN BASIC RESEARCH DURING THE NATIONAL 8TH FIVE-YEAR PLAN

Since its founding in 1949,the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has committed itself to gaining honor for our nation by successfully scaling heights of contemporary science.To this end.Chinese scientists have striven to exert themselves from generation to generation in a courageous and unflagging way. During the period of the national Eighth Five-year Plan(1991—1995), the scientists with the CAS went on working at the frontiers of international science.According to statistics,there were 205 key R&D projects

Gender Equality:Now a Basic State Strategy——On the Salient Features of the National Program on the Development of Chinese Women(2011-2020)

The National Program on the Development of Chinese Women （2011-2020）, herein- after referred to as the ＂NewProgram,＂ was published in August 2011. This is an important document designed to ensure implementation of the basic state strategy of gender equal- ity and the all-round development of Chinese women. The New Program is a part of China＇s policy program for the protection of human rights. It sets 57 major targets to be attained over the decade. The targets cover seven fields, namely, health, education, economy,

齿轮接触强度的研究及基于Visual Basic语言的程序设计

根据齿轮啮合原理和接触力学,深入研究了渐开线齿轮传动啮合过程中各啮合点的接触应力计算,研究了不同参数齿轮传动最大接触应力可能出现的啮合位置,分析了国家标准(GB/T 3480-1997)接触强度计算公式,指出了国家标准中接触应力计算公式的局限性,提出了更加全面的确定和计算最大接触应力的方法;并运用Visual Basic语言和Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0软件,编制了齿轮接触强度的计算程序;程序为计算齿轮的几何参数、接触应力及接触强度校核提供了快捷的工具,可以大大提高了齿轮设计的效率。

Analysis of the Key Issues about the Regularized Construction of Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication Base

Based on winter nursery and shuttle breeding, Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication （HNBM）, with off-season breeding and seed production as the essence, has become a national strategic resource. The way of HNBM rising to the national strategy was analyzed through the aspects of technology features, historical characteristics, irreplaceability, function and value hierarchy, and the key problems. As the major achievement of the practice of scientific research and historical selec- tion, HNBM played an irreplaceable role in the climatic conditions, scientific breed- ing, and seed production in disaster relief, protecting the safety of the seed industry and Iocational advantages. Based on the analysis on the functions, values and ex- isted problems of HNBM, the function and value hierarchical structure of HNBM was established through introducing concepts of value engineering, industrial clusters and regional economy. But to fully achieve the industrial clustering development and functional values of HNBM, it needed to solve the key problems existed in top-level planning, experimental bases, system design, hardware construction and ecological security. Some suggestions were put forward in this paper, including setting up key scientific research protection zones, improving the regulations and policies safeguard mechanism and management system of HNBM, drawing up and carrying out the base development planning of HNBM, and striving for financial support from national policies.

基于案例分析的Visual Basic课程教学改革探析

目前在我国很多高校,Visual Basic课程是非计算机专业学生的基础课,是一门为大学生参加全国计算机等级考试服务的前序课程.由于其比较抽象,很多学生在学习过程中面临着不少问题.基于案例分析方法,对Visual Basic课程教学进行教学改革.结果表明,此方法能有效提高学生的学习效率,进而使全国计算机等级考试的通过率有所上升.

基础教育教学改革新走向循证分析——基于2022年基础教育国家级教学成果奖

综合运用词频分析法、比较研究法、数理统计法、系统分析法与趋势预测法等进行循证分析,研究发现,我国基础教育教学改革正呈现出若干新走向:持续改进完善育人体系、不断补齐全面发展短板、继续推进教育中国化、特别关注广义特殊教育、创新驱动教学评变革以及数字技术与教学评深度融合等。

Protection of Basic Human Rights in the Application of Big Data to Counter Terrorism

In the era of big data,the ways people work,live and think have changed dramatically,and the social governance system is also being restructured.Achieving intelligent social governance has now become a national strategy.The application of big data technology to counterterrorism efforts has become a powerful weapon for all countries.However,due to the uncertainty,difficulty of interpretation and potential risk of discrimination in big data technology and algorithm models,basic human rights,freedom and even ethics are likely to be impacted and challenged.As a result,there is an urgent need to prioritize basic human rights and regulate the application of big data for counter terrorism purposes.The legislation and law enforcement regarding the use of big data to counter terrorism must be subject to constitutional and other legal reviews,so as to strike a balance between safeguarding national security and protecting basic human rights.

广西医疗机构落实国家药品集中带量采购政策的效果分析

目的探讨国家药品集中带量采购政策(后文简称“国家集采政策”)在广西壮族自治区的实施效果,为医疗机构后续开展集采药品相关工作提供参考。方法选取广西壮族自治区医疗机构国家集采政策实施前后的药品采购数据,以政策目标、利益相关方关注的问题等为导向,引入并研究6个二级指标(如可获得性、可负担性、药品安全性等)、18个三级指标(如约定采购量完成率、负担水平、药占比等)。采用描述性统计方法对国家集采政策实施前后(2019年和2020年)的数据进行差异性、变化趋势等分析。结果在可获得性方面:广西壮族自治区医疗机构参与度为92.55%,疾病覆盖率为40.16%,整体约定采购量完成率中值为287.82%,总体配送率为97.20%。在可负担性方面:2019-2022年药品价格总体的降幅为74.80%,人均住院药品费用、门诊药占比、住院药占比降幅依次为17.61%、10.22%、20.10%,除慢性病、抗肿瘤用药外,药品可负担水平均低于1。对医药的影响:2022年药品不良反应事件占比为66.00%,相比执行国家集采政策前增幅为1.29%,广西壮族自治区通过一致性评价的药品共12个品规,前8名的制药企业的市场集中度小于20.00%。对医疗医保的影响:直至2022年基本实现仿制药替代原研药,同类非中选药品使用比约为9.12%,未提出二次换药的人数占63.39%;药品费用支出减少共24.59亿元。结论国家集采政策在广西壮族自治区取得了显著的效果,但同时还需重点关注扩大专科病种用药覆盖面、中选药品的临床综合评价、优化待分配量选择方案等问题。

药学干预对某儿童医院国家基本药物使用情况的效果评价

目的:评价药学干预对某儿童医院国家基本药物使用情况的效果。方法:从医院信息系统分别抽取2021年(干预前)和2022年(干预后)某儿童医院国家基本药物使用数据,包括基本药物采购品种比、基本药物配备使用金额占比、门诊患者基本药物处方占比、门诊患者基本药物处方使用占比、住院患者基本药物使用率和住院患者基本药物使用占比,比较2021年与2022年各指标的全院增长率和不同临床科室的增长率。结果:与2021年相比,2022年我院基本药物采购品种比降低了1.32%,基本药物配备使用金额占比增长率为2.26%,门诊患者基本药物处方占比增加了13.82%,门诊患者基本药物处方使用占比增加了11.69%,住院患者基本药物使用率持平,住院患者基本药物使用占比增加了1.30%。基本药物各项考核指标明显改善的科室包括心内科、新生儿科、综合内科、神经外科、感染性疾病科、新生儿重症监护室、耳鼻喉科、血液科1、外科监护室和血液科2。结论:我院基本药物使用情况经临床药师干预后有一定的改进成效,但基本药物配备使用金额占比和住院基本药物使用率仍未达到省考要求,需要药师与医师积极配合对患儿家属进行基本药物宣教,增加其对基本药物的信赖程度,同时呼吁国家能够增加国家基本药物目录中儿童专科用药品种,提高儿童用药的经济性和可及性。

新时代高校教育、科技、人才一体化布局与科学基金发展策略

在世界新一轮科技产业革命加速演进的背景下,教育、科技、人才“三位一体”统筹布局成为我国全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性和战略性支撑。高校是科技强国、人才强国、教育强国三大战略的交汇点,科学基金作为促进创新链—产业链—资金链—人才链—学科链深度融合的重要渠道和枢纽,在一体布局下面临新的要求和挑战。文章围绕如何“有力统筹教育、科技、人才工作”的关键问题,明确新时代高校在教育、科技、人才一体布局的定位、内涵和要求,挖掘教育优先、科技自强、人才引领的现实困境与发展前景,以期为科学基金发展提出有针对性的方案和建议。

基于城乡居民基本养老保险基础养老金建立国民基础养老金:实施路径和可行性分析

本文探讨基于城乡居民基本养老保险基础养老金建立国民基础养老金的实施路径和可行性。2022年年末我国至少还有1235万人口尚未参加基本养老保险。基于城乡居保基础养老金建立完全由财政筹资的普惠式非缴费型养老金,即国民基础养老金,可以为这些人提供老年基本生活保障,防止老年贫困。如果让目前尚未参加基本养老保险的老年人无须缴费即可直接享受城乡居保基础养老金待遇,同时加快将城乡居保基础养老金提高到农村低保水平,即可逐步实现基本养老保障“人口全覆盖”。在此基础上从城镇职工基本养老保险财政补贴中按农村低保水平划出相应部分,即可建立全民统一的国民基础养老金,为多层次养老保障体系建设奠定坚实基础。本文按照2030年城乡居保基础养老金达到全国农村低保水平的目标,测算了建立国民基础养老金所需新增财政资金,研究认为通过调整基本养老保险财政补贴支出结构可以实现上述目标。

美国“科研安全”政策评析

近年来,美国不断加紧对基础研究领域的安全政策构建,把“科研安全”作为对中国进行打压和遏制的工具和手段。关于“科研安全”的观念,美国在冷战时期、“9·11”事件之后和21世纪第二个十年后的三个历史阶段,都曾先后对科学的开放性和安全性的平衡问题进行了重点讨论。近年来,美国从决策层面、科学资助层面和科学研究执行层面推出若干“科研安全”政策,逐步搭建起比较完备的“科研安全”政策体系。美国推动“科研安全”政策制定和实施的原因,主要是基于地缘政治私利、对本国科技地位下降的担忧、对全球化背景下知识和人才流动的错误认知、应对基础研究领域范式变化的需求以及改革科技管控制度的需要等。在政策内容方面,美国“科研安全”主要针对科研人员、科研机构和科研活动进行管控,在此基础上不断探索“科研安全”管理的新机制和新实践。美国在“科研安全”的政策制定、政策推动、政策实践、政策关联以及政策效应方面表现出明显的特征,包括全政府协作,国家安全和情报机构深度参与,与科研道德和诚信相互交织,与出口管制、投资审查等紧密关联,在国际上形成较强的示范效应。美国“科研安全”政策对我国的科技和经济发展构成长期而严重的威胁,需要进行有效的政策应对。

基础教育国家级教学成果奖三届数学获奖项目循证研究

基于循证研究,3届基础教育国家级教学成果奖中有76项数学获奖项目.从总体上看,数量在缓慢上升,在学科类名列第二;在质量上呈现偏正态分布,并获得唯一1项学科类特等奖.从获奖分布上看,区域及省域强弱分布不均问题严重,省域不均问题明显;在学段上,跨学段与小学教育占先,学前与特教低迷;一线单位获奖数量与占比率持续上升,非一线单位呈∩型.从内容分析上看,聚类分析发现获奖成果围绕9大主题展开;一等奖以上获奖项目分析发现,非一线单位占11项中的8项,并有2项成果走向世界,3位两届以上获得者来自非一线单位,存在非一线单位强于一线单位现象.最后,针对分布不均问题,建议从国家层面构建基础教育数学教学研究精准帮扶机制,在下届评选中继续向薄弱区域及省域适当倾斜,建立基础教育数学教育教学研究激励机制,适当顾及一线与非一线单位获奖占比率等.针对内容分析发现的问题,加大对数学教育教学重点难点堵点研究的支持力度,搭建高等院校、科研与管理部门与中小幼特协同攻关平台,不断提高一线数学教育教学研究质量.

大模型时代的补救责任与全球基本收入

大模型技术的发展必然会触及全球正义问题。米勒对于我们思考大模型技术的价值在于,他秉持了一种极为现实主义的观点,即并非通过激进愿景来强力推动全球平等主义。米勒提及的两类后果责任值得我们关注,第一类是以OpenAI为代表的先进人工智能企业的后果责任,第二类后果责任则需要体现在美国政府的行动中。米勒所讨论的补救责任对我们整体思考大模型的发展也极为关键。这其中同样存在两种补救责任,一种是在民族国家内部的补救,一种是在国际社会中的补救。从米勒的底线原则出发,结合近年来被热议的全民基本收入概念,笔者提出了全球基本收入的概念。全球基本收入是全民基本收入从民族国家向全球社会外推的自然结果,其基本的逻辑是共同体的放大。笔者进一步提出了一种“攀梯的进步观”,即人类社会的演进就像是在攀登梯子一样,不断地提高进步的标准。人类社会要推动的全球正义实践,恰恰需要首先实现最低理想,然后在最大公约数的基础之上不断地接近最高理想。