基于空间插值与PMF模型的国道沿线土壤重金属源解析:以107国道岳阳段为例

为了评估国道交通对两侧土壤的影响,查明其重金属污染特征和来源,选取107国道岳阳县段作为研究区域。在该区域两侧各1 km范围内采集了246个表层土壤样品,并测定了Pb、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn、Hg这8种重金属元素的含量。通过对比分析国道两侧土壤中重金属污染情况和元素含量差异,结合克里金空间插值法和PMF模型,进一步揭示这些重金属的潜在来源。结果表明:(1)107国道岳阳县段两侧土壤属强酸性土壤,重金属之间的差异反映了土地利用类型和人类活动对土壤重金属分布的显著影响。(2)单因子污染指数均值显示Cr、Ni、Zn、Cd无污染,Cu、As、Hg、Pb为轻度污染,内梅罗综合污染指数表明研究区土壤整体轻度污染。(3)空间插值分析显示,As、Cr、Cu、Ni在空间分布上高度重叠;Pb和Zn在空间上分布在农田耕地区域;Cd元素的空间分布异常区域主要为新开镇;Hg元素的空间分布特征显示林地为低值区域,说明了自然地质背景与土地利用类型对土壤重金属的复杂相互作用。(4)PMF源解析识别了4种污染源,分别为交通源、农业源、自然源、大气源,其中交通源和农业源合计占比80.3%,是影响107国道岳阳县段两侧土壤中重金属元素的主要因素,说明107国道两侧土壤受交通运输和人类活动影响较明显。综上所述,空间插值分析和PMF模型的结果相互之间验证效果较好,这一综合方法对重金属潜在来源的成分识别较为理想。

Research on the Transmission Paths of National Culture from the Perspective of the Belt and Road

The Belt and Road initiative has promoted the connotative development and export of Chinese culture.To ensure a good international display and going globally of Chinese culture,we could follow such paths as excavating the rich elements of traditional Chinese culture,shaping the fine works,creating culture brands with Chinese characteristics,developing new culture brands,opening up the cultural market,strengthening cultural dialogue,innovating cultural transmission paths by gathering the cultural forces at home and abroad,and enhancing the appeal of national culture so as to increase the closeness and recognition of people along the route.

Comprehensive Disaster Risk Prevention of "the Belt and Road Initiative":Important Significance,Catastrophe Risk,International Cooperation and Strategic Countermeasure

"The Belt and Road Initiative"is major decision proposed by the CPC Central Committee with comrade Xi Jinping as the core co-ordinating the domestic and international overall situations,and concerns peaceful rise of China and extension of the strategic opportunity period of modernization construction.It needs multi-faceted safeguards to successfully impel"the Belt and Road Initiative",in which disaster risk identification and its effective prevention and control are indispensable links.By integrating geogeographic and atmospheric environmental factors,countries along"the Belt and Road Initiative"belong to frequent occurrence region of major natural disasters.It restricts not only the economic and social development of relevant countries but also implementation effect of"the Belt and Road Initiative"construction,and is also related to the success or failure of Chinese enterprises going out to a certain extent.It should enhance disaster prevention and mitigation and ensure safety of major infrastructure construction related to interconnection of"the Belt and Road Initiative"by disaster identification and prevention,which is the key of successfully impelling strategy implementation and major need for guaranteeing the people s livelihood of the countries along the line.The work of disaster prevention and mitigation in the countries along the line is generally weak,and it is urgent to raise the level of disaster prevention as a whole by promoting the disaster prevention and mitigation cooperation in the"the Belt and Road Initiative"area;improve the coverage and level of disaster risk insurance;enhance construction in monitoring and early warning capability of natural disaster;strengthen structural adjustment of economy,industry and land use responding to climate change risks;establish a comprehensive disaster reduction forum of"the Belt and Road Initiative",and contain relevant content in"the Belt and Road Initiative"series of high-end forum topics.

Atmosphere of Accidents along the Douala-Yaounde National Road in Cameroon: Hoofmarks, Drivers, Challenges and Proactive Options

Road transport and safety is a thorny problem in the world today following the occurrence, recrudescence and outcomes of accidents in our society. These accidents are a public health hazard and vector of underdevelopment in developing countries amongst which is Cameroon. According to the World Health Organisation, road accidents ranked 3rd in position among the leading causes of mortality in the world and caused approximately 1.2 million deaths with 50 million people injured worldwide. The frequency of accidents along National Road 3 linking Douala (the economic hub of the CEMAC region) and Yaounde (the political Capital of Cameroon) remains a thorny problem. This is because 50 % of accidents in the Southern part of Cameroon occur along this stretch of the triangle of death necessitating sustainable strategies to effectively curb the situation. Efforts both structural and non-structural have been put in place over decades by the Cameroon government, civil society organisations, Non-Governmental Organisations, local communities, and other actors to contain the situation without success. This is because the measures often target road users, the state of vehicles and repair of existing roads. Along National Road 3, the poor state of the road in combination with other risk factors has been identified as prime factors that sustain accidents. This paper argues that the frequency of accidents is high, impacts on man and property enormous and the solutions to solve the problem ineffective. The methodology used for data production exploits primary and secondary sources of data from works on road transport in Cameroon, Africa and the world to assess the dynamics, outcomes, challenges and options for road accidents control on the study site. These sources integrate field surveys, administration of questionnaires, literature review and grey data sources for their findings. The results show that until recent on some roads little attention has been paid on proactive solutions visible in other countries to combat road accidents. These are the creation of multi lanes to reduce contact, investment on alternative transport modes and road modernisation to decongest existing roads. How this innovation to curb road carnage redresses the problem in question is also a focus of this paper.

Addendum to the Bird Song Key to the Birds of Pipeline Road Area,Soberanía National Park,Panama:Two Additional Wrens

In 2016,I published a bird song key to the Pipeline Road area in and adjacent to Soberanía National Park,Panama[1].This key is,to my knowledge,the largest bird song key in the world.Since the key was published,Rufous-breasted Wren(Pheugopedius rutilus;Figure 1)and Rufous-and-white Wren(Thryophilus rufalbus;Figure 2)have moved into the area.This addendum adds three songs of Rufous-breasted Wren and three songs Rufous-and-white Wren to the key,thereby increasing the key’s song total to 327 and its species total to 218.

Driving Force and Popularization Value on Guangzhou Higher Education Internationalization under the Background of National Strategy ＂One Belt ＆ One Road＂

With the impetus of the WTO and the further opening of China＇s international service trade in education, this paper is based on the background of China＇s national strategy ＂one belt ＆ one road＂, analyzing Guangzhou higher education, its internationalization driving force and popularization value, ranging from the perspectives of higher education resources excess, the domestic university funding cuts, and the transnational education services output in developed countries to alleviate its school funds shortage to further introduction of foreign high-quality educational resources due to not fully meeting the requirements of domestic demand in developing and less developed countries, with expectation to promote the development of education internationalization healthily and orderly.

Revision of the National Standard on Safety Specification for Power Driven Vehicles Operating on Roads

The national standard--Safety Specifications for Power Driven VehiclesOperating on Roads--is the most basic technical regulation for safety and technical management ofmotor vehicles in China. It is the safety and technical basis for the Public Security TrafficControl Dept. to register new vehicles, periodic inspection of vehicles under operation andinspection of vehicles involved in traffic accidents. It is also one of the important technicalbases of our country for compulsory inspection of new vehicles on fi-nalization of its model,ex-works inspection of new vehicles and the inspection of imported motor vehicles. Since the formalcountrywide implementation of GB7258-1997 Safety Specifications for Power Driven Vehicles Operatingon Roads on Jan. 1, 1998, the standard has played a very active role in strengthening the operatingsafety management of motor vehicles, improving the operating safety level of motor vehicles, and insafeguarding road traffic safety, etc. However, along with the rapid and sustainable growth of ournational economy, the number of motor vehicles has increased rapidly, especially privately-ownedautomobiles, so that the incidence of road traffic accidents rises yearly and the road trafficsafety situation is becoming increasingly serious. Therefore, the General Administration of QualitySupervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China (AQSIQ) and theStandardization Administration of China (SAC) have issued the revised standard GB725 8-2004 SafetySpecifications for Power Driven Vehicles Operating on Roads, which will be put into effect onOctober 1, 2004. The timely revision of this standard is very necessary for upgrading the safety andtechnical requirements for motor vehicles in China.

Keep Firmly to the Road of Human Rights Development Suitable to China's National Situation——An Address at the Opening Ceremony of the 7th Beijing Forum on Human Rights, Sept. 17, 2014

In November 2012, immediately after the close of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China （CPC）, CPC Central Committee General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed to ＂realize the Chinese dream of the great revival of the Chinese nation.＂ He emphasized that the fulfillment of the Chinese dream regarding the great revival of the Chinese nation is simply the realization of the country＇s prosperity, the nation＇s revival and the people＇s happiness. All in all, the Chinese dream is the people＇s dream.

中国正史中的古代海外民族记述浅论

在中国古代正史的记述中,中国疆域内的民族为海内民族,而在中国疆域之外的民族为海外民族。从司马迁的《史记》开始,在中国正史中就有了对海外民族进行记述的传统。中国正史对海外民族的记述表现了中华民族对世界的认知,在时间上具有阶段性特征,在空间上具有方向性特征。系统研究中国正史中的海外民族,对于丰富中外交流史和世界史的研究意义重大,特别是在“一带一路”建设倡议和构建人类命运共同体的当下,加强对海外民族的研究更具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。

海洋命运共同体研究综述

随着海洋相关治理理念的不断拓展与深化,近年来海洋命运共同体概念逐渐构建起多重学术语境。本研究基于CNKI文献数据库,借用CiteSpace梳理了2016-2023年中国以海洋命运共同体为主题和关键词的相关文献,围绕研究热点、前沿趋势、主题类别、未来展望四大方面进行综述。研究发现,自2019年海洋命运共同体理念被正式提出后,相关研究文献也在逐年增长,形成了历史溯源、法律体系、区域地缘、海洋治理新领域四大研究类别,深化了不同领域和尺度的国际海洋事务研究。为进一步充实海洋命运共同体的概念内涵,彰显其号召力,未来研究建议从三个方向拓展:鼓励更多的学科参与研究、加强“世界看中国”的相关研究、重视中国经验与技术的总结与输出。

工程机械国Ⅳ尾气处理技术措施与故障分析

为了提高工程机械尾气防治水平,根椐我国最新颁布的非道路移动机械国Ⅳ尾气排放标准,分析了工程机械柴油机尾气技术的处理措施、工作原理、控制策略等,并通过案例进行论证,为提高我国非道路机械柴油机尾气排放处治水平提供参考。

非洲数字教育发展的挑战、愿景及对援非教育行动的建议

促进非洲数字教育发展是当前我国共建“一带一路”倡议下对非洲国家开展教育援助的重要内容。非洲数字教育发展目前主要存在数字教育基础设施不足且分布不均、教师的数字应用能力不强、学生面对教育数字化转型的准备度不充分等挑战。深度分析非洲43个国家向教育变革峰会提交的《国家承诺声明》后发现,确保人人享有数字学习的机会、开发高质量的数字学习内容和普遍易获得的数字学习平台、促进数字教育教学方法革新,是非洲应对挑战提出的未来发展愿景。据此,从增强数字教育基础设施援助的针对性、多手段为非洲教师数字素养的提升提供支持和分享数字教育教学方法改革的“中国经验”三个方面,为我国实施援非教育行动战略提供具体建议。

“一带一路”倡议下中国武术转文化传播研究

运用文献资料等方法,探讨“一带一路”倡议下中国武术转文化传播愿景,并提出路径。历程:推向世界的国际化传播,文化走出去的跨文化传播,价值走进去的转文化传播。愿景:人类命运共同体理念的国际传播,打造第三文化空间,达成互构共生关系,生成杂糅文化产品。路径:立足多元时代价值,形成完整战略机制;拓宽传播实施渠道,达成多方协同推进;强化文化产业支撑,打造特色品牌效应;注重仪式活动助力,实现传播价值共识。

矿用防爆柴油机四元组合式尾气后处理系统设计及性能试验

防爆柴油机是矿井辅助运输车辆使用最为广泛的动力源之一,受防爆改造以及井下恶劣环境的影响,导致其尾气污染问题严重,有悖于绿色矿山发展战略。煤矿井下自2020年12月开始实施非道路国III排放标准,但现阶段矿用防爆柴油机尾气净化多采用机内前处理技术,无法满足非道路国IV及更高标准的排放要求。针对防爆柴油机尾气污染严重及净化技术滞后的问题,设计了一种新型四元组合式尾气后处理系统,并通过仿真和台架试验开展了关键部件结构参数优化及尾气污染物净化性能研究。首先,按照煤矿井下防爆要求,超前面向非道路国IV尾气排放标准,设计了一种由氧化催化剂(DOC)、颗粒捕集器(DPF)、选择性催化还原器(SCR)和防爆温控装置(EPTC)组成的防爆柴油机四元组合式尾气后处理系统;采用STAR-CCM+仿真软件对防爆温控装置结构进行传热分析,结果表明:管壁面温度均小于150℃,可满足煤矿安全规程防爆要求。其次,以某型60 kW防爆柴油机为研究对象,基于GT-Power软件分别搭建了DOC、SCR和DPF后处理部件的仿真模型,并对其关键结构参数及净化性能开展正交试验进行优化,确定了尾气后处理系统关键部件的最优结构参数,得到如下规律:污染物的净化效率随DOC和SCR的载体直径、载体长度和通道密度的增大而提高;载体长度和载体直径对DPF捕集效率与DOC和SCR规律一致,而DPF因其特殊的壁流式载体结构,随着通道密度增加,PM颗粒物的捕集效率可始终维持在96%附近。在此基础上,建立了防爆柴油机和后处理系统的耦合模型,开展了防爆柴油机尾气排放污染物净化效率、动力性与经济性仿真试验。最后,研制了四元组合式尾气后处理系统样机并开展台架试验,将试验数据与仿真数据对比分析,结果表明:尾气后处理系统对CO、NO、HC与颗粒物的净化效率分别大于95%、90%、83%以及95%,可满足非道路国IV排放要求;加装尾气后处理系统的防爆柴油机整体输出扭矩平均下降4.83%,整体燃油消耗率平均增加1.19%,对防爆柴油机的动力性与经济性的实际影响较小。

武汉市江夏区107国道沿线生态家园建设的探讨

阐述了武汉市江夏区的气候、地形及资源概况和建设生态家园的必要性,提出江夏区107国道沿线新农村建设、花卉苗木基地建设、花卉苗木展示交易中心建设、杉木丰产林基地建设、现代都市农业产业园建设和生态保护工程建设等6大生态家园建设项目构想,以期为地方区域经济建设提供参考。

107国道(新乡段)两侧土壤铅含量调查

调查了107国道(新乡段)两侧5～120m内耕层土样的铅含量,结果表明:离公路越近土壤铅含量越高,距公路越远土壤铅含量越低,距公路120m处,接近远离公路无污染区土壤铅含量.此外,公路西侧土壤铅含量大于东侧.

国家距离对中国农产品出口贸易的影响

文章基于2002—2021年中国对共建“一带一路”56国的农产品出口贸易数据,实证分析了国家距离对中国农产品出口贸易的影响。结果显示,综合国家距离对中国农产品出口贸易具有负向影响;不同维度国家距离对农产品出口贸易的影响有所差异,文化距离、制度距离的影响显著为负,地理距离、经济距离则呈正向影响;亚非地区、中低收入水平、市场潜力较大的共建国家与中国的国家距离对中国农产品出口贸易的负向影响更为明显;双边投资协定签订时长、建交时长、友好城市建立数量均在国家距离对中国农产品出口贸易的影响中存在门槛效应,当各变量高于门槛值时,国家距离对中国农产品出口贸易的负向影响将会被削弱。

以筑路促铸牢:论“两路”精神中的民族团结

川藏、青藏公路修筑之前,西藏人民在与各民族交往交流过程中需要极力克服道路不畅通带来的阻碍。中华人民共和国成立后,“为了帮助各兄弟民族”,浩浩荡荡的筑路大军克服重重困难,实现“两路”的建成通车。在这一过程中,各族人民携手努力,谱写了民族团结的西藏篇章。“两路”的通车,缩小了民族之间的经济发展差距、促进了民族交往、增进了文化共识。深入挖掘“两路”精神中的民族团结思想内涵,探究“筑路”与“铸牢”之间的内在联系,对于引导各族民众憧憬民族的希望和未来走向,深刻认识中华民族是命运共同体,促进各民族交往交流交融具有重要作用。

明清以来清水江流域道路的开辟与中华民族共同体意识的铸建

历史上,黔东南地区是并未被中央王朝直接管理的“生苗区”,即所谓的“化外之地”,而清水江是黔东南地区与外界沟通的重要道路。明代伊始,中央王朝出于战略统治的需要,加强对清水江流域的开发经营,制定了各种措施政策,推动清水江流域融合发展,其中道路的开辟便是重要举措之一。道路作为一种使用载体,既是文化历史的有机见证,也是积累人类社会更迭换代的重要基础。道路的开辟在一定程度上实现交往交流,进而促进了各民族之间的交融,为中华民族共同体意识的形成与凝聚提供了空间与物质条件,并推动彼此凝聚融合,在实践中谱写团结向心的精神指向,成为中华民族共同体意识铸建的重要条件。明清以来清水江流域道路的开辟,不仅方便移民的迁入、儒学教育的推广,而且促进集市商贸的发展,重塑出清水江流域新的社会秩序,进而揭示清水江流域道路的开辟与国家权力、社会变迁之间的深刻关系。由此延伸,以道路的开辟与疆域统一、因地制宜的政策调整、文化滋润顺育民心、一体化进程作统一整合,着重探讨道路的开辟、各族群交流互动融合与中华民族共同体意识铸建之关联。以古示今,前后相应,为铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供借鉴经验。

路用环氧无车辙沥青路面在重载普通国省道路的应用研究

针对普通国省道路交叉口由于重载车辆激增、交通量集中等原因而导致的车辙顽疾,结合311国道徐州铜山区三堡至大彭段建设工程,提出一种新型路用环氧无车辙沥青路面材料,并开展试验段研究,以提高沥青路面的抗车辙、抗推移性能。与改性沥青混合料SMA-13相比,路用环氧无车辙沥青混合料NRSMA-13具有卓越的高温稳定性,施工工艺简便,全过程仅增加路用环氧改性剂添加环节,不改变传统工艺流程。工后,路面平整、无油斑,铺装施工合格率100%,混合料60℃稳定度23.5 kN、60℃动稳定度17758次/mm。可为后续类似工程应用提供参考。