Investigation of the Cytotoxicity of CAR-NK-92 Cells Targeting CEA Against Gastric Cancer Cells

Objective:To construct CAR-NK-92 cells targeting carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and study their killing effect on gastric cancer cells.Methods:CAR-NK-92 cells targeting CEA were constructed.After co-culturing CAR-NK-92 cells with MKN-45 gastric cancer cells,the killing effect of CAR-NK-92 cells was detected by a lactate dehydrogenase release assay.The secretion levels of gamma interferon and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were measured using an ELISA assay.Results:The lactate dehydrogenase release assay showed that CAR-NK-92 cells had a significant killing effect on MKN-45 cells compared to CON-NK-92 cells,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).ELISA results indicated that the levels of gamma interferon and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor secreted by CAR-NK-92 cells and MKN-45 target cells were significantly increased after co-culture(P<0.001).Conclusion:CAR-NK-92 cells targeting CEA exhibit a significant killing effect on CEA-positive gastric cancer cells.

Targeted Therapy of CEA-CAR-NK Cells Against Colorectal Cancer Cells

Objective:Investigate the cytotoxic effect of CAR-NK cells targeting CEA on colorectal cancer cells with positive CEA expression.Methods:The mRNA and protein levels of CEA in different CRC cell lines were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis.Lentiviral transduction was used to construct CAR-NK cells and empty vector CON-NK cells targeting CEA.Fluorescence microscopy and WB were used to determine whether the cells successfully constructed and expressed CAR structures.The effector NK cells were co-cultured with target cells,and the levels of LDH,IFN-γ,and GM-CSF were detected.The killing rate of effector cells was calculated,and the release of cytokines during the killing of target cells by different effector cells was compared.Results:The expression level of CEA in colorectal cancer patients was significantly higher than that in normal samples and other tumor samples,and the prognosis survival time of patients with high CEA expression was lower than that of CRC patients with low or no CEA expression(P<0.05).The CEA expression of the HT29 cell line was significantly higher than that of the SW1116 cell line at both the mRNA and protein levels.CEA-CAR-NK92 cells and CON-NK92 cells expressed green fluorescence under a microscope,and WB results showed that CEA-CAR-NK92 cells successfully expressed the CAR structure.Compared with CON-NK92 cells and NK92 cells,CEA-CAR-NK92 cells effectively killed HT29 cells(P<0.05).CEA-CAR-NK92 cells secreted a large amount of IFN-γand GM-CSF during the killing of HT29 cells,while the cytokine secretion of CON-NK92 cells and NK92 cells was not significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:CAR-NK92 cells targeting CEA can effectively kill CEA-positive colorectal cancer cells.

Designing a risk prognosis model based on natural killer cell-linked genes to accurately evaluate the prognosis of gastric cancer

Background:This study was aimed at identifying natural killer(NK)cell-related genes to design a risk prognosis model for the accurate evaluation of gastric cancer(GC)prognosis.Methods:We obtained NK cell-related genes from various databases,followed by Cox regression analysis and molecular typing to identify prognostic genes.Various immune algorithms and enrichment analyses were used to investigate the mutations,immune status,and pathway variations among different genotypes.The key prognostic genes were assessed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(Lasso)regression analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis.Thereafter,the risk score(RS)prognosis model was constructed based on the selected important prognostic genes.A Receiver Operating Characteristics(ROC)curve was plotted for analyzing the robustness of the model.Subsequently,the decision and calibration curves were used for assessing the reliability and prediction accuracy of the proposed model.The‘pRRophetic’R software package was utilized for predicting the half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of immunotherapy and chemotherapy drugs.Results:We screened 21 prognostic genes and three molecular subtypes and found that the C1 subtype had the worst prognosis.Further,the pathways promoting tumor proliferation,such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition were significantly up-regulated.The results also showed that the macrophages in the M2 stage were significantly infiltrated in the C1 subtype,and there was significant overexpression in the C1 subtype,accompanied by a severe inflammatory reaction.The C1 was highly sensitive to drugs like 5-fluorouracil and paclitaxel.The ROC,calibration curve,and decision curve showed that the risk model was robust and strongly reliable.Conclusion:Overall,our proposed NK cell-related RS model can be used as a more accurate prediction index for GC patients,providing a valuable contribution to personalized medicine.

非小细胞肺癌患者血清CA211水平和NK细胞数与预后相关

目的 探究非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者血清糖类抗原211(CA211)表达水平和自然杀伤(NK)细胞数与预后的相关性。方法 选取杭州师范大学附属医院2019年6月至2022年7月收治的132例NSCLC患者作为实验组,另选取同期收治的132例肺部良性病变患者作为对照组。从检验科收集数据分析NSCLC患者血清CA211表达水平和NK细胞数与患者预后关系以及影响NSCLC患者预后的相关因素。结果 实验组中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞值(NLR值)和血清CA211表达水平高于对照组(P<0.05),NK细胞数低于对照组(P<0.05);实验组血清CA211表达水平和NK细胞数呈负相关(r=-0.405,P<0.001);不同血清CA211表达水平和NK细胞数的患者淋巴结转移情况以及TNM分期存在显著性差异(P<0.05);CA211低表达者1年生存率高于CA211高表达者(P<0.05),NK细胞高水平者1年生存率高于NK细胞低水平者(P<0.05);淋巴结转移、TNM分期、CA211是影响NSCLC患者预后的危险因素(P<0.05),NK细胞是NSCLC患者预后的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 NSCLC患者血清CA211表达水平及NK细胞数与临床病理特征及预后有密切联系。

治疗前淋巴细胞与C反应蛋白比值对结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤预后的判断价值

目的:探讨治疗前淋巴细胞与C反应蛋白比值(LCR)对结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(ENKTL)预后的判断价值。方法:回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院收治的203例初诊为ENKTL患者的临床资料,ROC曲线得到LCR预测5 a总生存期(OS)的最佳截断值,并根据截断值将患者分为两组,绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,采用Cox回归分析无进展生存期(PFS)和OS的影响因素。结果:LCR预测5 a OS的最佳截断值为0.19,低LCR组患者预后较差(P<0.001)。Cox回归分析结果表明,低LCR组ENKTL患者预后较差,PFS和OS的HR(95%CI)分别为0.462(0.336~0.636)和0.381(0.275~0.527)。结论:治疗前LCR可影响ENKTL预后,低LCR患者的预后较差。

具NK细胞的溶瘤病毒疗法的模型分析

本文建立了一类包含自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)免疫反应的肿瘤病毒相互作用模型。首先分析了系统的边界性态,将系统的平衡点进行完整的分类,讨论了边界平衡点的局部稳定性,并从数值上验证了周期解的存在性,最后讨论了NK细胞在病毒治疗中所起到的作用。数值结果表明:a)整体肿瘤大小与病毒感染率成反比,与肿瘤生长速率成正比;b)对于NK细胞相关参数,NK细胞从淋巴结的流入速率越大,最终肿瘤越小;若产生NK细胞增殖,当增殖速率比较小时,相较于无NK增殖时,最终肿瘤变大,即较小的NK细胞增殖对治疗产生负面的影响,但当NK细胞的增殖速率过高时,将会导致肿瘤和病毒的完全清除。

Immune evasion and therapeutic opportunities based on natural killer cells

Natural killer(NK)cells can elicit an immune response against malignantly transformed cells without recognizing antigens,and they also exhibit cytotoxic effects and immune surveillance functions in tumor immunotherapy.Although several studies have shown the promising antitumor effects of NK cells in immunotherapy,their function is often limited in the tumor microenvironment because tumor cells can easily escape NK cell-induced death.Thus,for efficient tumor immunotherapy,the mechanism by which tumor cells escape NK cell-induced cytotoxicity must be fully understood.Various novel molecules and checkpoint receptors that mediate the disruption of NK cells in the tumor microenvironment have been discovered.In this review,we analyze and detail the major activating and inhibitory receptors on the surface of NK cells to delineate the mechanism by which tumor cells suppress NKG2D ligand expression and increase tumor receptor and inhibitory receptor expression[NKG2A,programmed cell death1(PD-1),and T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine inhibitory motif(TIGIT)]on the NK cell surface,and thus inhibit NK cell activity.We also reviewed the current status of treatments based on these surface molecules.By comparing the therapeutic effects related to the treatment status and bypass mechanisms,we attempt to identify optimal single or combined treatments to suggest new treatment strategies for tumor immunotherapy.

细粒棘球蚴感染早期对小鼠肝脏NKT细胞及其相关因子的影响

目的探讨细粒棘球蚴感染早期对小鼠肝脏自然杀伤T(Natural killer T,NKT)细胞及其相关因子的影响。方法将24只雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组与感染组,每组12只。感染组经肝门静脉接种细粒棘球蚴原头蚴,对照组注射等量生理盐水,4周后,每组各取6只小鼠的肝脏组织进行Masson染色,另外6只小鼠的肝脏组织用于分离淋巴细胞以进行流式细胞术检测小鼠肝脏不同NKT细胞亚群比例和相关细胞因子干扰素-γ(Interforn-γ,IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumour necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-4(Interleukin-4,IL-4)、白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-10,IL-10)和白细胞介素-17A(Interleukin-17A,IL-17A)的表达。结果与对照组纤维占比比较,感染组肝脏侵袭部位及其邻近肝脏组织呈现结缔组织病变,纤维化明显,纤维占比显著增加,且分布较广,包绕肉芽肿四周形成条索状纤维间隔。与对照组比较,感染组小鼠肝脏NKT细胞比例和CD4^(+)NKT细胞比例显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01);与对照组比较,感染组小鼠肝脏NKT细胞分泌TNF-α的比例、CD4^(+)NKT细胞分泌TNF-α的比例显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论细粒棘球蚴感染早期小鼠肝脏纤维化程度增加,肝脏NKT细胞及其亚群CD4^(+)NKT细胞产生TNF-α的水平增加,提示肝脏NKT细胞可能参与细粒棘球蚴感染早期肝脏免疫应答反应。

自然杀伤(NK)细胞与2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)发生发展的研究进展

自然杀伤(NK)细胞在清除病毒,执行免疫调节方面发挥着重要的作用,它通过分泌趋化因子以及与其他天然免疫细胞协同作用,被赋予天然免疫调节功能和获得性免疫反应。随着对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)感染的2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的研究深入,发现NK细胞在其中发挥着重要作用。SARS-CoV-2感染会影响NK细胞的分布和效应功能,NK细胞的免疫应答或可影响新冠肺炎患者的预后。本文总结了近年来NK细胞在COVID-19感染中作用的研究现状,并且讨论了以NK细胞作为治疗剂的可能性,以期为防治SARS-CoV-2的免疫损害提供潜在思路。

治疗前中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值和血小板淋巴细胞比值对结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的预后价值

目的:探讨治疗前中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio,NLR)和血小板淋巴细胞比值(platelet-lymphocyte ratio,PLR)在结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma,ENKTL)患者中的预后价值。方法:回顾性分析我院2012年01月至2016年12月新诊断的ENKTL患者的临床资料。根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定NLR和PLR的最佳截断值并对患者分组。采用卡方检验或Fisher确切概率法比较不同分组间的临床特征和近期疗效差异。我们使用Cox比例风险模型来确定与生存相关的单因素和多因素。生存曲线采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制,它们的差异采用log-rank检验分析。差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结果:NLR和PLR的最佳截断值分别为2.62和228.8。治疗前NLR和PLR与B症状和EBV DNA拷贝数相关(P<0.05)。不同NLR、PLR分组的近期疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单因素和多因素分析显示,NLR(P=0.009)、PLR(P=0.008)和LDH(P=0.019)是ENKTL患者OS的独立危险因素。高NLR或高PLR的患者OS率较低(P<0.001)。结论:治疗前NLR和PLR可作为结外NK/T淋巴瘤患者的独立预后因素,高NLR、高NLR提示患者预后不良。

基于自然杀伤(NK)细胞的肝癌免疫疗法研究进展

肝细胞肝癌(HCC)异质性高,晚期诊断和化疗耐药使其成为我国难治性肿瘤之一。自然杀伤(NK)细胞在机体的免疫监视过程中充当重要角色。但在肝癌的进展过程中,NK细胞的功能受损致肿瘤免疫逃逸。该文总结了HCC中基于NK细胞的不同免疫治疗策略,包括直接输注过继性NK细胞免疫疗法、基因工程NK细胞免疫疗法、靶向NK细胞受体免疫疗法、改变免疫抑制微环境免疫疗法、细胞因子增强NK细胞肿瘤毒性免疫疗法以及中医药增强NK细胞肿瘤毒性免疫疗法,这些基于NK细胞的免疫治疗策略已显示出巨大的治疗潜力。

HBsAg stimulates NKG2D receptor expression on natural killer cellsand inhibits hepatitis C virus replication

Background： Higher hepatitis B surface antigen （HBsAg） facilitates hepatitis C virus （HCV） clearance inpatients with hepatitis B virus （HBV）/HCV co-infection. We investigated the effect of exogenous HBsAgon the inhibition of HCV replication mediated by natural killer （NK） cells.

Establishment of a prognostic model related to tregs and natural killer cells infiltration in bladder cancer

BACKGROUND Regulatory T cells(Tregs)and natural killer(NK)cells play an essential role in the development of bladder urothelial carcinoma(BUC).AIM To construct a prognosis-related model to judge the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer,meanwhile,predict the sensitivity of patients to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.METHODS Bladder cancer information data was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and GSE32894.The CIBERSORT was used to calculate the immune score of each sample.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to find genes that will have the same or similar expression patterns.Subsequently,multivariate cox regression and lasso regression was used to further screen prognosis-related genes.The prrophetic package was used to predict phenotype from gene expression data,drug sensitivity of external cell line and predict clinical data.RESULTS The stage and risk scores are independent prognostic factors in patients with BUC.Mutations in FGFR3 lead to an increase in Tregs percolation and affect the prognosis of the tumor,and additionally,EMP1,TCHH and CNTNAP3B in the model are mainly positively correlated with the expression of immune checkpoints,while CMTM8,SORT1 and IQSEC1 are negatively correlated with immune checkpoints and the high-risk group had higher sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs.CONCLUSION Prognosis-related models of bladder tumor patients,based on Treg and NK cell percolation in tumor tissue.In addition to judging the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer,it can also predict the sensitivity of patients to chemotherapy and immunotherapy.At the same time,patients were divided into high and low risk groups based on this model,and differences in genetic mutations were found between the high and low risk groups.

黄芪含药血清对NK细胞活性、NKG2A、NKG2D及细胞因子IFN-γ表达的影响

目的探讨黄芪含药血清对自然杀伤(NK)细胞的杀伤活性和NKG2D、NKG2A、细胞因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)表达水平的影响。方法20只SPF级SD大鼠,随机分成黄芪低、中、高剂量组(3.1、6.2、12.4 g/kg体重)和正常对照组,灌胃后制备含药血清。用NK细胞专用培养基培养NK-92MI细胞,用1640培养基培养YAC-1细胞。将NK-92MI细胞与20%不同剂量黄芪含药血清及正常对照血清孵育48 h,即分别为正常对照组、黄芪低剂量组、黄芪中剂量组以及黄芪高剂量组。通过乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放测定方法检测NK细胞对靶细胞YAC-1的杀伤活性,ELISA法检测IFN-γ的水平,Western blot检测NKG2D以及NKG2A蛋白表达水平。结果与正常对照组和黄芪低剂量组相比,黄芪中、高剂量组的NK细胞活性显著升高(P<0.01)。IFN-γ的表达在黄芪低、中、高剂量组中均升高,但不随浓度升高而增强。与正常对照组相比,黄芪低、中剂量组NKG2D蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.01),而NKG2A蛋白表达水平在各组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论黄芪含药血清可增强NK细胞杀伤活性、上调IFN-γ表达水平、上调NK细胞活化型受体的表达,通过调控NK细胞实现对机体的保护作用。

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma successfully treated with amplified natural killer therapy alone: A case report

BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is poor,with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%.The mainstay of treatment is multidrug combination chemotherapy,which has been associated with serious side effects.Amplified natural killer(ANK)cell therapy amplifies and activates natural killer(NK)cells to attack only malignant tumors.As ANK cells attack programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)-positive tumor cells,ANK therapy is considered effective against adult T-cell lymphoma and malignant lymphoma.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a case of an older patient with advanced DLBCL who was successfully treated with ANK immunotherapy.A 91-year-old female visited our hospital with sudden swelling of the right axillary lymph node in April 2022.The patient was diagnosed with stage II disease,given the absence of splenic involvement or contralateral lymphadenopathy.ANK therapy was administered.Six rounds of lymphocyte sampling were performed on July 28,2022.To reduce the occurrence of side effects,the six samples were diluted by half to obtain 12 samples.Cultured NK cells were administered twice weekly.The treatment efficacy was evaluated by performing computed tomography and serological tests every 1 or 2 mo.The treatment suppressed lesion growth,and the antitumor effect persisted for several months.The patient experienced mild side effects.PD-L1 immunostaining was positive,indicating that the treatment was highly effective.CONCLUSION ANK therapy can be used as a first-line treatment for malignant lymphoma;the PD-L1 positivity rate can predict treatment efficacy.

iNKT细胞与缺血性脑卒中后免疫抑制关系的研究进展

缺血性脑卒中即各种脑血管病变导致的脑组织供血供氧障碍从而出现的神经系统损伤。卒中后免疫抑制诱发的严重感染是影响患者生存预后的重要因素。抗生素治疗受到药物耐药性增加的限制,因此,免疫调节治疗受到广泛的关注。卒中后,不变的自然杀伤T细胞(iNKT)在免疫抑制中发挥重要作用,其作为上游调节免疫系统中的CD4^(+)T和CD8^(+)T细胞,促使免疫系统Th1向Th2改变,从而导致卒中后免疫抑制。用α-半乳糖神经酰胺(α-GalCer)直接调节iNKT细胞或通过阻断去甲肾上腺素能神经递质有助于减少卒中后的感染率。但iNKT细胞如何被远距离激活,如何在卒中后推动免疫系统改变的机制尚不明确。该文就iNKT细胞的生物学特征、功能及如何影响卒中后免疫抑制做一综述。

通用型CAR-NK细胞治疗系统性红斑狼疮的应用与展望

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的特点是B细胞异常活化产生大量自身抗体,这些自身抗体与自身抗原形成免疫复合物诱发系统性炎症,导致全身多系统多器官受累。现有靶向B细胞治疗策略(如贝利尤单抗、泰它西普及利妥昔单抗等)的临床疗效仍然有限,近年来靶向CD19的嵌合抗原受体(CAR)-T细胞治疗SLE展现出卓越的疗效。但自体CAR-T细胞治疗存在细胞因子释放综合征、T细胞肿瘤、感染等潜在风险,且价格昂贵。CAR-自然杀伤(NK)细胞治疗是现货型细胞疗法,其安全性高,无神经毒性及肿瘤化风险,且治疗费用低。目前,CAR-NK细胞在治疗血液系统肿瘤中取得了显著的研究成果,且CAR-NK细胞治疗SLE的初步临床研究展现出良好的治疗效果、优异的安全性及可预期的持久性。本文将重点阐述新一代通用型CAR-NK细胞的特点及其用于治疗复发难治性SLE的最新临床研究结果,展望其治疗SLE及B细胞相关自身免疫病的广阔前景。

NKG2A-HLA-E轴介导NK细胞应答在病毒感染性疾病中的作用及机制研究进展

自然杀伤(NK)细胞主要通过迅速释放细胞毒性介质以及细胞因子直接杀伤病毒感染的靶细胞。NK细胞表面抑制性和活化性受体的平衡以及靶细胞上相应配体的表达均参与调控NK细胞的杀伤功能。其中NK细胞2组成员A(NKG2A)是NK细胞上备受关注的抑制性受体之一,通过与其配体人类白细胞抗原E(HLA-E)的相互作用,可抑制NK细胞对自身正常组织细胞的杀伤活性。研究发现病毒感染细胞表面HLA-E表达上调,并且可与病毒蛋白来源的多肽结合形成复合物,通过与NKG2A的相互作用调控NK细胞功能,从而参与病毒感染性疾病发病过程。本文总结了NKG2A与HLA-E分子互作特点,以及NKG2A-HLA-E轴参与调控NK细胞的功能机制,有助于了解NK细胞在病毒感染性疾病中的重要作用。

The effects of stereotactic body radiotherapy on peripheral natural killer and CD3~+CD56~+ NKT-like cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Both natural killer(NK) and CD3+CD56+ natural killer T(NKT)-like cells play critical roles in the antitumor response. This study aimed to explore the effects of stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT) on peripheral NK and NKT-like cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), and to identify possible surface markers on these cells that correlate with the prognosis. Methods: Twenty-five HCC patients were prospectively enrolled in our study, and 10 healthy individuals were served as healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to determine the counts and the percentages of peripheral NK and NKT-like cells, cells with certain receptors, and cells with intracellular interferon-γand TNF-α secretion at different time points, including time points of prior to SBRT, at post-SBRT, and 3-month and 6-month after treatment. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was applied for survival analysis. Results: The peripheral NKT-like cells was increased at post-SBRT. Meanwhile, elevated levels of inhibitory receptors and reduced levels of activating receptors of NK cells were also observed in NK cells at post-SBRT, but the levels was not significantly different at 3-month and 6-month as compared with the baseline levels. Lower percentage of NKp30+ NK cells before SBRT and higher percentage of CD158b + NK cells after SBRT were associated with poor progression-free survival. In addition, higher percentage of CD3+CD56+ NKT-like cells was associated with a higher overall survival rate in HCC patients. Conclusions: SBRT has an apparent effect on both peripheral NK and CD3+ CD56+ NKT-like cells. Lower percentage of NKp30 + NK cells before SBRT and higher percentage of CD158b + NK cells after SBRT are correlated with poor patients' PFS. Higher percentage of CD3+ CD56+ NKT-like cells is associated with higher OS in HCC patients.

阿尔茨海默病NK细胞与铜死亡的相关基因分析

背景:阿尔茨海默病的免疫相关致病机制尚不明确,通过生物信息学探讨阿尔茨海默病患者NK细胞与铜死亡机制的相关性,可为研究阿尔茨海默病的发生发展提供新方向。目的:使用生物信息学分析方法筛选阿尔茨海默病患者外周血中NK细胞与铜死亡相关的关键基因,并在临床标本水平加以验证。方法:利用GEO在线数据库筛选阿尔茨海默病患者外周血转录组差异表达基因和NK细胞相关基因,与已报告的铜死亡因子取交集,获取差异表达的铜死亡相关基因;接着采用RT-qPCR技术对基因相对表达量进行实验验证,实验样本来自于安徽省立医院神经内科2021-2023年住院患者的外周血,按照纳排标准纳入疾病组30例及对照组20例。后续进一步使用在线GeneMANIA网站构建蛋白质-蛋白质互作网络;利用R语言进行免疫浸润分析;基于ENCODE数据库进行转录因子预测。结果与结论:①利用GSE63060数据集中阿尔茨海默病患者外周血转录组差异表达基因、GSE168522数据集中NK细胞相关基因、已报告的铜死亡基因,应用在线韦恩图工具、LASSO算法及随机森林机器学习方法筛选获取4个差异表达的铜死亡相关基因:铁氧还原蛋白1(ferredoxin 1,FDX1)、铜离子转运ATP酶a肽(ATPase Cu^(2+)transporting alpha polypeptide,ATP7A)、丙酮酸脱氢酶β(pyruvate dehydrogenase El subunit beta,PDHB)和二氢硫辛酰胺琥珀酰转移酶(dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase,DLST)。②临床样本实验验证,FDX1和ATP7A在阿尔茨海默病患者外周血中表达上调(P<0.001),且在载脂蛋白E4不同基因型中呈差异性表达(P<0.01,P<0.001);PDHB和DLST在阿尔茨海默病患者外周血中表达下调(P<0.001),在载脂蛋白E4不同基因型中表达无显著性意义(P>0.05)。③蛋白质-蛋白质互作网络发现20种功能蛋白与关键基因相关联,免疫浸润分析结果验证了关键基因与12个免疫细胞具有显著相关性(以P<0.05为具有相关性)。④生物信息学分析与实验验证结果提示,FDX1,ATP7A,PDHB和DLST基因在阿尔茨海默病中存在差异性表达,这4个基因在阿尔茨海默病外周血的NK细胞中可能通过铜死亡机制参与了疾病的发生发展,文章结果为阿尔茨海默病的诊断及治疗提供了潜在的靶点。