The central solenoid（CS）is one of the key components of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor（ITER）tokamak and which is often considered as the heart of this fusion reactor.This solenoid will be bui...The central solenoid（CS）is one of the key components of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor（ITER）tokamak and which is often considered as the heart of this fusion reactor.This solenoid will be built by using Nb3Sn cablein-conduit conductors（CICC）,capable of generating a 13 T magnetic field.In order to assess the performance of the Nb3Sn CICC in nearly the ITER condition,many short samples have been evaluated at the SULTAN test facility（the background magnetic field is of 10.85 T with the uniform length of 400 mm at 1%homogeneity）in Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasma（CRPP）.It is found that the samples with pseudo-long twist pitch（including baseline specimens）show a significant degradation in the current-sharing temperature（Tcs）,while the qualification tests of all short twist pitch（STP）samples,which show no degradation versus electromagnetic cycling,even exhibits an increase of Tcs.This behavior was perfectly reproduced in the coil experiments at the central solenoid model coil（CSMC）facility last year.In this paper,the complex structure of the Nb3Sn CICC would be simplified into a wire rope consisting of six petals and a cooling spiral.An analytical formula for the Tcs behavior as a function of the axial strain of the cable is presented.Based on this,the effects of twist pitch,axial and transverse stiffness,thermal mismatch,cycling number,magnetic distribution,etc.,on the axial strain are discussed systematically.The calculated Tcs behavior with cycle number show consistency with the previous experimental results qualitatively and quantitatively.Lastly,we focus on the relationship between Tcs and axial strain of the cable,and we conclude that the Tcs behavior caused by electromagnetic cycles is determined by the cable axial strain.Once the cable is in a compression situation,this compression strain and its accumulation would lead to the Tcs degradation.The experimental observation of the Tcs enhancement in the CS STP samples should be considered as a contribution of the shorter length of the high field zone in SULTAN and CSMC devices,as well as the tight cable structure.展开更多
Through magnetization measurement with a SQUID magnetometer the heat treatment optimization of an international thermonuclear experimental reactor （ITER）-type internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconducting wire has been investig...Through magnetization measurement with a SQUID magnetometer the heat treatment optimization of an international thermonuclear experimental reactor （ITER）-type internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconducting wire has been investigated. The irreversibility temperature T^＊ （H）, which is mainly dependent on A15 phase composition, was obtained by a warming and cooling cycle at a fixed field. The hysteresis width △M（H） which reflects the flux pinning situation of the A15 phase is determined by the sweeping of magnetic field at a constant temperature. The results obtained from differently heat-treated samples show that the combination of T^＊ （H） with AM（H） measurement is very effective for optimizing the heat reaction process. The heat treatment condition of the ITER-type wire is optimized at 675℃/128 h, which results in a composition closer to stoichiometric Nb3Sn and a state with best flux pinning.展开更多
中国科学院近代物理研究所正在研制运行于45 GHz的世界首台第4代电子回旋共振离子源(fourth electron cyclotron resonance,FECR)。该离子源磁体线圈全部采用Nb3Sn(铌三锡)超导材料制作,这一超导材料临界性能对应力敏感,加之磁体中六极...中国科学院近代物理研究所正在研制运行于45 GHz的世界首台第4代电子回旋共振离子源(fourth electron cyclotron resonance,FECR)。该离子源磁体线圈全部采用Nb3Sn(铌三锡)超导材料制作,这一超导材料临界性能对应力敏感,加之磁体中六极线圈和螺线管线圈之间的应力不平衡分布,导致磁铁机械结构设计面临极大挑战。为了验证离子源磁铁结构设计的合理性和仿真结果的可信性,为全尺寸真机的研制奠定技术基础,设计了能够一定程度上反映离子源磁体机械结构的半长度样机。主要介绍了FECR半长度样机的三维机械结构分析,借助ANSYS有限元软件分析了磁铁在室温组装、冷却降温和加电励磁时的应力分布和变化情况,为磁体装配提供预应力参考。展开更多
Nb3Sn超导材料主要用于强磁场超导磁体的制造.力学变形诱导的其超导临界性能退化给强磁场超导磁体装置的电磁性能指标和安全运行造成了极其不利的影响.针对静水压作用下,Nb3Sn单晶体和多晶体表现出的不同退化行为,论文基于Maki De Genne...Nb3Sn超导材料主要用于强磁场超导磁体的制造.力学变形诱导的其超导临界性能退化给强磁场超导磁体装置的电磁性能指标和安全运行造成了极其不利的影响.针对静水压作用下,Nb3Sn单晶体和多晶体表现出的不同退化行为,论文基于Maki De Gennes(MDG)关系式,建立了描述Nb3Sn单晶体变形-超导临界温度耦合响应的本构关系,并借助于多晶体有限元方法,对静水压作用下Nb3Sn多晶体超导临界温度退化响应进行了预测,预测结果与实验结果定性吻合.模型实现了从Nb3Sn单晶体到Nb3Sn多晶体变形-超导临界温度退化响应曲线的一致性预测.研究结果有助于提高对Nb3Sn高场超导材料变形-超导电性能耦合行为的认识,为发展描述运行工况下Nb3Sn超导材料力-电磁-热多物理场多尺度耦合行为的建模与数值计算方法提供了一定的基础;同时,相关结果对于特殊工况下高场超导磁体性能的评估和高应变耐受性超导材料的制备也具有一定的指导作用.展开更多
大孔径高场磁体是开展超导材料性能研究的必要装置。依托聚变堆主机关键系统综合研究设施项目,中科院等离子体物理研究所将进行15 T高场复合超导磁体研制,磁体高场区由Nb_(3)Sn密绕线圈构成。热处理是Nb_(3)Sn线圈研制的关键工艺环节也...大孔径高场磁体是开展超导材料性能研究的必要装置。依托聚变堆主机关键系统综合研究设施项目,中科院等离子体物理研究所将进行15 T高场复合超导磁体研制,磁体高场区由Nb_(3)Sn密绕线圈构成。热处理是Nb_(3)Sn线圈研制的关键工艺环节也是磁体研制的难点,要求磁体热处理温度均匀性优于±5℃。针对15 T Nb_(3)Sn密绕线圈热处理需求,研制了一套真空磁体热处理系统。利用该系统完成了线圈热处理实验,通过传热仿真与实验结果分析,线圈整体温度均匀性优于±3℃,最终各项指标均满足热处理技术要求。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 11622217)the National Key Project of Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development(Grant 11327802)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grants lzujbky-2017-ot18,lzujbky-2017-k18)
文摘The central solenoid（CS）is one of the key components of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor（ITER）tokamak and which is often considered as the heart of this fusion reactor.This solenoid will be built by using Nb3Sn cablein-conduit conductors（CICC）,capable of generating a 13 T magnetic field.In order to assess the performance of the Nb3Sn CICC in nearly the ITER condition,many short samples have been evaluated at the SULTAN test facility（the background magnetic field is of 10.85 T with the uniform length of 400 mm at 1%homogeneity）in Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasma（CRPP）.It is found that the samples with pseudo-long twist pitch（including baseline specimens）show a significant degradation in the current-sharing temperature（Tcs）,while the qualification tests of all short twist pitch（STP）samples,which show no degradation versus electromagnetic cycling,even exhibits an increase of Tcs.This behavior was perfectly reproduced in the coil experiments at the central solenoid model coil（CSMC）facility last year.In this paper,the complex structure of the Nb3Sn CICC would be simplified into a wire rope consisting of six petals and a cooling spiral.An analytical formula for the Tcs behavior as a function of the axial strain of the cable is presented.Based on this,the effects of twist pitch,axial and transverse stiffness,thermal mismatch,cycling number,magnetic distribution,etc.,on the axial strain are discussed systematically.The calculated Tcs behavior with cycle number show consistency with the previous experimental results qualitatively and quantitatively.Lastly,we focus on the relationship between Tcs and axial strain of the cable,and we conclude that the Tcs behavior caused by electromagnetic cycles is determined by the cable axial strain.Once the cable is in a compression situation,this compression strain and its accumulation would lead to the Tcs degradation.The experimental observation of the Tcs enhancement in the CS STP samples should be considered as a contribution of the shorter length of the high field zone in SULTAN and CSMC devices,as well as the tight cable structure.
文摘Through magnetization measurement with a SQUID magnetometer the heat treatment optimization of an international thermonuclear experimental reactor （ITER）-type internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconducting wire has been investigated. The irreversibility temperature T^＊ （H）, which is mainly dependent on A15 phase composition, was obtained by a warming and cooling cycle at a fixed field. The hysteresis width △M（H） which reflects the flux pinning situation of the A15 phase is determined by the sweeping of magnetic field at a constant temperature. The results obtained from differently heat-treated samples show that the combination of T^＊ （H） with AM（H） measurement is very effective for optimizing the heat reaction process. The heat treatment condition of the ITER-type wire is optimized at 675℃/128 h, which results in a composition closer to stoichiometric Nb3Sn and a state with best flux pinning.
文摘中国科学院近代物理研究所正在研制运行于45 GHz的世界首台第4代电子回旋共振离子源(fourth electron cyclotron resonance,FECR)。该离子源磁体线圈全部采用Nb3Sn(铌三锡)超导材料制作,这一超导材料临界性能对应力敏感,加之磁体中六极线圈和螺线管线圈之间的应力不平衡分布,导致磁铁机械结构设计面临极大挑战。为了验证离子源磁铁结构设计的合理性和仿真结果的可信性,为全尺寸真机的研制奠定技术基础,设计了能够一定程度上反映离子源磁体机械结构的半长度样机。主要介绍了FECR半长度样机的三维机械结构分析,借助ANSYS有限元软件分析了磁铁在室温组装、冷却降温和加电励磁时的应力分布和变化情况,为磁体装配提供预应力参考。
文摘Nb3Sn超导材料主要用于强磁场超导磁体的制造.力学变形诱导的其超导临界性能退化给强磁场超导磁体装置的电磁性能指标和安全运行造成了极其不利的影响.针对静水压作用下,Nb3Sn单晶体和多晶体表现出的不同退化行为,论文基于Maki De Gennes(MDG)关系式,建立了描述Nb3Sn单晶体变形-超导临界温度耦合响应的本构关系,并借助于多晶体有限元方法,对静水压作用下Nb3Sn多晶体超导临界温度退化响应进行了预测,预测结果与实验结果定性吻合.模型实现了从Nb3Sn单晶体到Nb3Sn多晶体变形-超导临界温度退化响应曲线的一致性预测.研究结果有助于提高对Nb3Sn高场超导材料变形-超导电性能耦合行为的认识,为发展描述运行工况下Nb3Sn超导材料力-电磁-热多物理场多尺度耦合行为的建模与数值计算方法提供了一定的基础;同时,相关结果对于特殊工况下高场超导磁体性能的评估和高应变耐受性超导材料的制备也具有一定的指导作用.
文摘大孔径高场磁体是开展超导材料性能研究的必要装置。依托聚变堆主机关键系统综合研究设施项目,中科院等离子体物理研究所将进行15 T高场复合超导磁体研制,磁体高场区由Nb_(3)Sn密绕线圈构成。热处理是Nb_(3)Sn线圈研制的关键工艺环节也是磁体研制的难点,要求磁体热处理温度均匀性优于±5℃。针对15 T Nb_(3)Sn密绕线圈热处理需求,研制了一套真空磁体热处理系统。利用该系统完成了线圈热处理实验,通过传热仿真与实验结果分析,线圈整体温度均匀性优于±3℃,最终各项指标均满足热处理技术要求。
