Nd:YAG water mist laser treatment for giant gestational gingival tumor: A case report

BACKGROUND This case of gestational gingival tumor is huge and extremely rare in clinical practice.As the growth location of this gingival tumor is in the upper anterior tooth area,it seriously affects the pregnant woman's speech and food,causing great pain to the patient.The use of Nd:YGA water mist laser to remove the gingival tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding,minimal adverse reactions,and good postoperative healing,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.CASE SUMMARY The patient,a pregnant woman,reported a large lump in her mouth on the first day of postpartum treatment.Based on medical history and clinical examination,the diagnosis was diagnosed as gestational gingival tumor.Postoperative pathological biopsy also confirmed this diagnosis.The use of Nd:YAG water mist laser to remove the tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding,clear surgical field of view,short surgical time,and good postoperative healing.CONCLUSION In comparison to traditional surgery,Nd:YAG water mist laser surgery is minimally invasive,minimizes cell damage,reduces bleeding,ensures a clear field of vision,and virtually eliminates postoperative edema,carbonization,and the risk of cross infection.It has unique advantages in oral soft tissue surgery for pregnant patients.Therefore,the clinical application of Nd:YAG water mist laser for the treatment of gestational gingival tumors is an ideal choice.

含钪石榴石Nd:GSGG晶体的原料制备、晶体生长及结构研究

提拉法生长的Nd:GSGG是性能优良的激光晶体,在固体强激光领域有重要的运用前景。采用液相共沉淀法制备了GSGG的前驱物,将前驱物在较低的温度下烧结,获得了GSGG多晶原料,用提拉法生长了无散射、气泡、云层、无开裂的(?)26 mm×45 mm的含钪石榴石Nd:GSGG晶体。用X射线衍射对GSGG的共沉淀前驱物在不同烧结温度下的相变情况进行了研究,表明在900℃烧结温度下, GSGG前驱物即可反应形成GSGG多晶,这比固相法合成GSGG料的反应温度低了200℃。同时,用X射线衍射对GSGG多晶、Nd:GSGG单晶的结构进行了研究,采用最小二乘法,以f(θ)=sinθ-sin1-Tθ(T=20)为外推函数,计算了GSGG多晶和Nd:GGG单晶的晶格参数,分别为1.257547 nm、1.256163 nm。它们之间的晶格参数差异可能是由于Ga组分的不同所引起的。

退火对Nd,Cr:GSGG激光晶体吸收光谱的影响

本文应用吸收光谱法,对提拉法生长的Nd,Cr:GSGG晶体在不同气氛下退火后的光谱变化进行了研究。氧化气氛下退火后的吸收光谱中,在1μm处出现了由于晶体中存在Cr4+离子所引起的两个吸收带,被称为1μm吸收损失。还原气氛(CO和H2)下退火后的吸收光谱中,在1μm处的吸收带基本消失,这对于提高激光效率是非常有利的。此外,在642nm处的吸收带强度有一定的减弱。这些数据对于晶体后处理工艺的改进和激光器设计具有重要的参考价值。

Nd∶GdYAG激光晶体的光谱分析及热学性能研究

本文对所生长的Nd∶GdYAG晶体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱进行了测试,采用Judd-Ofelt理论对振子强度和线强、强度参数Ω_(t)、4 F_(3/2)→4 I_(J)能级间的跃迁概率、能级辐射寿命、荧光分支比等光谱参数进行了计算,相关数据与YAG、LuAG、YVO4等晶体进行了对比。Ωt计算得出Ω2=(0.813±0.200)×10^(-20)cm^(2),Ω4=(3.381±0.187)×10^(-20)cm^(2),Ω6=(5.135±0.278)×10^(-20)cm^(2),相比YAG、LuAG、YVO4等晶体,Nd∶GdYAG晶体的强度参数Ω2较大,表明Gd^(3+)的掺入增大了基质的无序度。计算并拟合了300~1200 nm的吸收截面和折射率,其中808 nm处的吸收截面为5.0×10^(-20)cm^(2),1064 nm处的折射率为1.80。实测4 F3/2能级的荧光寿命为228μs,与计算的能级辐射寿命240μs接近;1064 nm处的发射截面为1.23×10^(-19)cm^(2),接近Nd∶YAG晶体的发射截面。室温下Nd∶GdYAG晶体的热导率为5.992 W/(m·K),略小于Nd∶YAG和Nd∶GGG,但大于Nd∶YVO4晶体。研究表明,Nd∶GdYAG是一种有应用前景的新型激光晶体材料。

芪参补气活血养颜汤联合Q开关Nd∶YAG激光治疗女性黄褐斑的美学效果观察

目的:探讨芪参补气活血养颜汤联合Q开关Nd∶YAG激光治疗女性黄褐斑的美学效果。方法:选取笔者医院2019年1月-2022年1月收治的80例黄褐斑女性作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组42例(采用芪参补气活血养颜汤联合Q开关Nd∶YAG 1064 nm激光治疗)和对照组38例(采用Q开关Nd∶YAG 1064 nm激光治疗)。观察两组的临床疗效,中医症状积分,皮肤状况,黄褐斑面积及颜色,不良反应发生率。结果:治疗后,观察组患者的总有效率为97.62%,高于对照组患者的84.21%(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者情绪低落、胸胁胀痛、经行乳胀、口苦咽干等上述中医症状积分均低于对照组患者(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组黑素指数、红斑指数及皱纹指数均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组黄褐斑面积及颜色评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者的总不良反应发生率与对照组患者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:芪参补气活血养颜汤联合Q开关Nd∶YAG1064 nm激光能够提高黄褐斑治疗的临床疗效,改善患者临床症状,改善皮肤状况,减少黄褐斑面积及颜色,安全性较高,值得临床推广。

High-Power Continuous-Wave Diode-End-Pumped Intracavity Frequency Doubled Nd：YVO4 Laser at 671 nm with a Compact Three-Element Cavity

We report a high-power high-efficient continuous-wave （cw） diode-end-pumped Nd：YVO4 1342-nm laser with a short plane-parallel cavity and an efficient cw intracavity frequency-doubled red laser at 671 nm with a compact three-element cavity. At incident pump power of 20.6 W, a maximum output power of 7 W at 1342 nm is obtained with a slope effciency of 37.3%. By inserting a type-Ⅰ critical phase-matched LBO crystal as intracavity frequencydoubler, a cw red output as much as 2.85-W is achieved with an incident pump power of 16.9 W, inducing an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 16.9%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output of diodepumped solid-state Nd：YVO4 red laser. During half an hour, the red output is very stable, and the instability of output power is less than 1%.

33 W quasi-continuous-wave narrow-band sodium D_(2a) laser by sum-frequency generation in LBO

We demonstrate an all-solid quasi-continuous-wave （QCW） narrow-band source tunable to sodium D2a line at 589.159 nm. The source is based on sum-frequency mixing between lasers at 1064 nm and 1319 nm in a LBO crystal. The 1064 nm and 1319 nm lasers are produced from two diode side-pumped Nd：YAG master oscillator power amplifier （MOPA） laser systems, respectively. A 33 W output of 589 nm laser is obtained with beam quality factor M^2 = 1.25, frequency stability better than ±0.2 GHz and linewidth less than 0.44 GHz. A prototype 589 nm laser system is assembled, and a sodium laser guided star has been successfully observed in the field test.

Compact Diode-Pumped Continuous-Wave Nd：LuVO4 Lasers Operated at 916 nm and 458 nm

We report the compact diode-pumped continuous-wave （CW） Nd：LuV04 lasers operated at 916nm and 458nm for the first time. The maximum output power of 780mW at 916nm laser is obtained with a slope efficiency of 9.3%. We generate 50roW of 458nm blue laser employing a type-Ⅰ critical phase-matched LBO crystal.

Clinical usefulness of transpapillary removal of common bile duct stones by frequency doubled double pulse Nd:YAG laser

AIM: To study the efficacy and the safety of laser lithotripsy without direct visual control by using a balloon catheter in patients with bile duct stones that could not be extracted by standard technique. METHODS: The seventeen patients (7 male and 10 female; mean age 67.8 years) with difficult common bile duct (CBD) stones were not amenable for conventional endoscopic maneuvers such as sphincterotomy and mechanical lithotripsy were included in this study. Laser wavelengths of 532 nm and 1064 nm as a double pulse were applied with pulse energy of 120 mJ. The laser fiber was advanced under fluoroscopic control through the ERCP balloon catheter. Laser lithotripsy was continued until the fragment size seemed to be less than 10 mm. Endoscopic extraction of the stones and fragments was performed with the use of the Dormia basket and balloon catheter. RESULTS: Bile duct clearance was achieved in 15 of 17 patients (88%). The mean number of treatment sessions was 1.7 ± 0.6. Endoscopic stone removal could not be achieved in 2 patients (7%). Adverse effects were noted in three patients (hemobilia, pancreatitis, and cholangitis). CONCLUSION: The Frequency Doubled Double Pulse Nd:YAG (FREDDY) laser may be an effective and safe technique in treatment of difficult bile duct stones.

Comparison of laser iridotomy using short duration532-nm Nd: YAG laser (PASCAL) vs conventional laser in dark irides

AIM: To evaluate the outcome of laser iridotomy using532-nm Nd: YAG laser(PASCAL) with short pulse duration and Nd: YAG laser compared to conventional combined laser iridotomy.METHODS: Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative case series. Forty-five eyes of 34 patients underwent laser iridotomy. Twenty-two eyes underwent iridotomy using short duration PASCAL and Nd: YAG laser, and 23 eyes underwent iridotomy using conventional combined laser method. The average settings of PASCAL were60 μm and 700-900 m W with a short duration of 0.01 s to reduce the total applied energy. The conventional laser was 50 μm and 700-900 m W for 0.1s. After photocoagulation with these laser, the Nd: YAG laser was added in each group. Endothelial cell counts of preiridotomy and 2mo after iridotomy were measured and compared.RESULTS: All eyes completed iridotomy successfully.The total energy used in the PASCAL group was 1.85 ±1.17 J. Compared to conventional laser 13.25 ±1.67 J, the energy used was very small due to the short exposure time of PASCAL. Endothelial cell counts were reduced by0.88% in the PASCAL group and 6.72% in the conventional laser group(P =0.044). The change in corneal endothelial cell counts before and after iridotomy was significant in conventional combined laser iridotomy group(P =0.004).CONCLUSION: Combined PASCAL and Nd:YAG laseriridotomy is an effective and safe technique in the dark brown irides of Asians. Furthermore, the short duration of exposure in PASCAL offers the advantages of reducing the total energy used and minimizing the corneal damage.

Microstructure,properties and first principles calculation of titanium alloy/steel by Nd: YAG laser self-fluxing welding

The experiment of Nd： YAG pulsed laser self-fluxing welding for 304 stainless steel/Ti6Al4V titanium alloy dissimilar metal was carried out. The microstructure properties of welded joint were analyzed by SEM, EDS and XRD. The equilibrium lattice constants, enthalpies of formation, cohesive energies, mechanical properties, Debye temperatures and valence electron structures of Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds （IMCs） were calculated by the first principle pseudopotential plane wave method based on density functional theory （DFT）. According to the thermodynamic data of Ti-Fe-Cr compounds, the Gibbs free energy per mole of compound at different temperatures was calculated and their thermal stability was compared. The results show that there are no macroscopic cracks in the welded joints, and the IMCs distributed evenly along the welding interface exhibits 3 distinct layers of microstructure with different colors. The welds interface generates IMCs of TiFe, TiFe 2 and a small amount of Ti 5Cr 7Fe 17 IMCs. Ti-Fe IMCs with high thermodynamic stability and easy alloying formation. The results of Gibbs free energies show that the sequence of precipitates in the interface is Ti 5Cr 7Fe 17 , TiFe 2 and TiFe in high temperature during the metallurgical reaction. The G/B values of Ti-Fe IMCs are greater than the critical value of 0.5, indicating that it is an intrinsic brittleness.

Diode end-pumped self-Q-switched and mode-locked Nd,Cr：YAG /KTP green laser

We first experimentally demonstrate a laser-diode end-pumped self-Q-switched and mode-locked Nd,Cr：YAG green laser with a KTP crystal as the intra-cavity frequency doubler. The device produces an average output power of 680 mW at 532 nm. The corresponding pulse width of the Q-switched envelope of the green laser is 170 ＋ 20 ns. The mode-locked pulses have a repetition rate of approximately 183 MHz and the average pulse duration is estimated to be around sub-nanosecond. It is found that the intra-cavity frequency doubling greatly improves the modulation depth and stability of the mode-locked pulses within the Q-switched envelope.

A high-power high-stability Q-switched green laser with intracavity frequency doubling using a diode-pumped composite ceramic Nd:YAG laser

We successfully obtain a high-average-power high-stability Q-switched green laser based on diode-side-pumped composite ceramic Nd：YAG in a straight piano-concave cavity. The temperature distribution in composite ceramic Nd：YAG crystal is numerically analyzed and compared with that of conventional Nd：YAG crystal. By using a composite ceramic Nd：YAG rod and a type-II high gray track resistance KTP （HGTR-KTP） crystal, a green laser with an average output power of 165 W is obtained at a repetition rate of 25 kHz, with a diode-to-green optical conversion of 14.68%, and a pulse width of 162 ns. To the best of our knowledge, both the output power and optical-to-optical efficiency are the highest values for green laser systems with intracavity frequency doubling of this novel composite ceramic Nd：YAG laser to date. The power fluctuation at around 160 W is lower than 0.3% in 2.5 hours.

High power diode-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:YVO_4 laser at repetition rate of 3.2 GHz

A compact high power diode-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:YVO_4 laser with high repetition rate is realized.Using an Nd:YVO_4 crystal and a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror(SESAM) in the oscillator, the picosecond pulse output with an average power of 1.38 W, a repetition rate of 3.24 GHz, and a pulse duration of 11.4 ps is achieved. After one stage of amplification, the final output power reaches 11.34 W, corresponding to a total optical-to-optical efficiency of about 32%. The root mean square(RMS) value of power fluctuation is demonstrated to be less than 0.6% in 24 hours,showing a superior stability with the compact configuration.

Nd,Cr∶GSGG激光棒在应用方面的研究

实验通过对Nd,Cr∶GSGG激光棒在不同电压和泵浦脉冲宽度的条件下静态激光的输出能量及效率的分析。显示出Nd,Cr∶GSGG晶体拥有比YAG晶体更好的热力学性质,以及更高的转换效率。证明了它将在大功率激光器领域得到更广泛的应用。

Pulsed Nd:YAG laser cladding of high silicon content coating on low silicon steel

A pulsed Nd：YAG （yttrium aluminum garnet） laser-based technique was employed to clad low silicon steel with preplaced Si and Fe mixed powders for high Si content. The surface morphology, microstructural evolution, phase composition, and Si distribution, within the obtained cladding coatings, were characterized by optical microscopy （OM）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, with associated energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The microhardness was also measured along the depth direction of the specimens, A crack- and pore-free cladding coating through excellent metallurgical bonding with the substrate was successfully prepared on low silicon steel by means of optimized single-track and multi-track laser cladding. The phases of the coating are a-Fe, T-Fe, and FeSi. The high microhardness of the lasercladding zone is considered as an increase in Si content and as the refined microstructure produced by the laser treatment. The Si contents of the cladding coatings were about 5.8wt% in the single-track cladding and 6.5wt% in the multi-track cladding, respectively.

Passively Q-Switched Nd,Cr:YAG Laser Simultaneous Dual-Wavelength Operation at 946 nm and 1.3μm

A diode-end-pumped Q-switched high-efficiency Nd, Cr：YAG laser with simultaneous dual-wavelength emission at 946nm and 1.3μm is demonstrated. The maximum output power of 1.93 W with simultaneous dual-wavelength operation is achieved at an absorbed pump power of 13.32 W and an absorbed slope efficiency of 15.15%. The maximum optical-optical efficiency is 14.49% with pulse widths of 16.38ns at 946nm and 26.65ns at 1.3μm. A maximum total repetition rate of 43.25 kHz is obtained.

Effects of output waveforms on penetration for Nd :YAG laser welding

By using a Nd: YAG laser welding system devised for transmitting continuous, rectangular and pulsed waveforms, comprehensive and deep investigation is focused on the effects of several parameters of rectangular waveform and pulsed output wave superimposed on a rectangular waveform on the penetration depth of weld. Research results indicate that the average power, duty cycle, frequency and peak power of rectangular wave affect the weld penetration depth to different extent. Results of experiments and analysis also indicate that the pulse delay time, pulse width and the power ratio of pulse to rectangular waveform seriously influence the penetration when the pulsed wave is superimposed on a rectangular waveform.

High power high beam quality diode-pumped 1319-nm Nd:YAG oscillator-amplifier laser system

This paper demonstrated a high power and high beam quality diode-pumped 1319-nm Nd：YAG master oscillator-power amplifier laser system. A thermally near-unstable resonator with four-rod birefringence compensation fiat-fiat cavity was adopted as the master oscillator. A solid etalon was inserted in the unidirectional ring resonator to compress the laser linewidth. Under a repetition rate of 500 Hz and pulse width of 160 μs, the master oscillator delivers an average output power of 16.8 W at 1319 nm with linear polarisation, beam quality factor M^2=1.16 and linewidth of 3.2 GHz. A double-pass power amplifier with two amplifier stages was employed for higher power scaling and the output power was amplified to be 25.9 W with M^2 = 1.43.

Diode-Pumped Passively Mode-Locked 1079 nm Nd:CaGdAlO_4 Laser

We demonstrate a diode-pumped passively cw mode-locked Nd：CaGdAlO4 laser operating at 1079nm with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The threshold pump power of the laser is 180mW. A maximum average output power of 93mW is obtained under the pump power of 1.94 W. The pulse duration of the mode-locked pulses is 3.1ps and the repetition rate is 157MHz.