Application of needle-knife in difficult biliary cannulation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

BACKGROUND: Getting directly into the common bile duct (CBD) is the most important step for successful therapeutic biliary endoscopy. In 5%-10% of cases, the CBD remains inaccessible, necessitating pre-cut papillotomy or fistulotomy with a needle-knife. The aim of this study was to assess the value of early application of the needle-knife in difficult biliary cannulation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). METHODS: Patients with failed biliary cannulation after 10 minutes or guide wire entering the pancreatic tube 3 times were randomly divided into group of needle-knife cut and group of persistent cannulation by standard techniques. The cannulation times, success rates and complication rates were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 948 therapeutic biliary ERCP procedures were performed between October 2004 and February 2006. Of 91 patients with difficult biliary cannulation, 43 patients underwent needle-knife cut: the cannulation success rate was 90.7%, the mean cannulation time was 5.6 minutes, and the complication rate was 9.3%. The other 48 patients underwent persistent cannulation by standard techniques: the cannulation success rate was 75%, the mean cannulation time was 10.2 minutes, and the complication rate was 14.6%. Significant differences were observed in cannulation success rate and cannulation time but in complication rate between the two groups.CONCLUSION: The early application of the needle-knife in difficult biliary cannulation is time-saving, safe and effective, with no increase in complication rate.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of transpancreatic septotomy, needle-knife fistulotomy or both based on biliary cannulation unintentional pancreatic access and papillary morphology

Background: Precut sphincterotomy has been widely performed to facilitate selective biliary access when standard cannulation attempts failed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP). However, scarce data are available on different precut techniques for difficult biliary cannulation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transpancreatic septotomy(TPS), needle-knife fistulotomy(NKF) or both based on the presence of unintentional pancreatic access and papillary morphology. Methods: Between March 2008 and December 2016, 157 consecutive patients undergoing precutting for an inaccessible bile duct during ERCP were identified. Precut techniques were chosen depending on repetitive inadvertent pancreatic cannulation and the papillary morphology. We retrospectively assessed the rates of cannulation success and procedure-related complications among three groups, namely TPS, NKF, and TPS followed by NKF. Results: The baseline characteristics of the three groups were comparable. The overall success rate of biliary cannulation reached 98.1%, including 111 of 113(98.2%) with TPS, 35 of 36(97.2%) with NKF and 8 of 8(100%) with NKF following TPS, without significant difference among groups. The incidences of total complications and post-ERCP pancreatitis were 9.6% and 7.6%, respectively. There was a trend towards less frequent post-ERCP pancreatitis after NKF(0%) compared with 11 cases(9.7%) after TPS and one case(12.5%) after NKF following TPS, but not significantly different( P = 0.07). No severe adverse event occurred during this study period. Conclusions: The choice of precut techniques by the presence of unintended pancreatic access and the papillary morphology brought about a high success rate without increasing risk in difficult biliary cannulation.

Comparison between needle-knife fistulotomy and standard cannulation in ERCP

AIM: To compare the rates of success and complications of two different methods of access into the common bile duct (CBD). METHODS: Between October 2007 and November 2008, 173 consecutive patients (71 men, 102 women, mean age 68.6 years) requiring endoscopic retrograde cannulation of the papilla and endoscopic treatment were studied. In the first 88 patients CBD cannulation was performed through supra-papillary fistulotomy (group F); in the following 85 patients standard cannulation was performed through the Oddi sphincter (group S). Indications for the procedure were: choledocholithiasis, biliary obstruction, postoperative leak, sclerosing cholangitis, and Mirizzi’s syndrome. RESULTS: Deep CBD cannulation was successful in 85/88 patients (96.5%) in group F vs 60/85 patients (70.6%) in group S (P < 0.0001). The remaining 25 group S patients in whom cannulation failed were shifted to fistulotomy. Fistulotomy was successful in 21/25 patients (84%). As for complications, hyperamilasemia occurred in 7 (7.9%) group F patients vs 7 (8.2%) group S patients (P = NS); mild pancreatitis in 1 (1.1%) group F patient vs 5 (5.8%) group S patients (P = NS); bleeding in 3 (3.4%) group F patients vs 3 (3.5%) group S patients (P = NS). CONCLUSION: Needle-knife fistulotomy should represent either the first approach to therapeutic cannulation or rescue therapy after unsuccessful standard cannulation.

Endoscopic treatment for pancreatic diseases:Needle-knife-guided cannulation via the minor papilla

AIM: To determine the efficacy and safety of meticulous cannulation by needle-knife.METHODS: Three needle-knife procedures were used to facilitate cannulation in cases when standard cannulation techniques failed. A total of 104 cannulationsvia the minor papilla attempted in 74 patients at our center between January 2008 and June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTS: Standard methods were successful in79 cannulations. Of the 25 cannulations that could not be performed by standard methods, 19 were performed by needle-knife, while 17(89.5%) were successful. Needle-knife use improved the success rate of cannulation [76.0%, 79/104 vs 92.3%,(79 +17)/104; P = 0.001]. When the 6 cases not appropriate for needle-knife cannulation were excluded, the success rate was improved further(80.6%, 79/98 vs98.0%, 96/98; P = 0.000). There were no significant differences in the rates of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography adverse events between the group using standard methods alone and the group using needle-knife after failure of standard methods(4.7% vs 10.5%, P = 0.301).CONCLUSION: The needle-knife procedure may be an alternative method for improving the success rate of cannulation via the minor papilla, particularly when standard cannulation has failed.

Primary needle-knife fistulotomy for preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis:Importance of the endoscopist’s expertise level

BACKGROUND Needle-knife fistulotomy(NKF)is used as a rescue technique for difficult cannulation.However,the data are limited regarding the use of NKF for primary biliary cannulation,especially when performed by beginners.AIM To assess the effectiveness and safety of primary NKF for biliary cannulation,and the role of the endoscopist’s expertise level(beginner vs expert).METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the records of 542 patients with naïve prominent bulging papilla and no history of pancreatitis,who underwent bile duct cannulation at a tertiary referral center.The patients were categorized according to the endoscopist’s expertise level and the technique used for bile duct cannulation.We assessed the rates of successful cannulation and adverse events.RESULTS The baseline characteristics did not differ between the experienced and lessexperienced endoscopists.The incidence rate of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)pancreatitis(PEP)was significantly affected by the endoscopist’s expertise level in patients who received conventional cannulation with sphincterotomy(8.9%vs 3.4%for beginner vs expert,P=0.039),but not in those who received NKF.In the multivariable analysis,a lower expertise level of the biliary endoscopist(P=0.037)and longer total procedure time(P=0.026)were significant risk factor of PEP in patients who received conventional cannulation with sphincterotomy but only total procedure time(P=0.004)was significant risk factor of PEP in those who received NKF.CONCLUSION Primary NKF was effective and safe in patients with prominent and bulging ampulla,even when performed by less-experienced endoscopist.We need to confirm which level of endoscopist’s experience is needed for primary NKF through prospective randomized study.

Advances in needle-knife for the treatment of early and middle stage Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (ONFH) is a refractory disease of orthopedics, and its incidence is gradually increasing. Often due to lack of timely intervention, the femoral head collapses, eventually causing hip pain and difficulty in activities. At present, the treatment of hip preservation after the collapse of osteonecrosis of the femoral head has received everyone's attention, but many hip-preserving measures are controversial in terms of efficacy and indications. Needle-knife therapy is a kind of hip-protection therapy with low risk, small trauma, bleeding, and less and shorter treatments. This article reviews the literatures related to needle-knife therapy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and summarizes the clinical treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head based on needle-knife, and prospects for its research.

Eighty Cases of Heel Bone Spikes Treated With Little Needle-Knife

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CLINICAL STUDY ON LASER NEEDLE-KNIFE AND ACUPUNCTURE FOR VERTEBRAL-ARTERY-TYPE CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS

Objective To compare the effect of laser needle-knife and acupuncture with medication for vertebral-artery-type cervical spondylosis （CSA）. Methods The 88 outpatients of CSA were divided with single-blind method into Treatment Group （treated by laser needle-knife and acupuncture） with 48 patients in it and Control Group （treated by Intravenous drip of Compound Salvia Miltiorrhiza Injection and oral taking of Flunarizine （Sibelium） with 40 patients in it. Before the treatment, the two groups were without difference statistically. Results In the treatment group, the curative rate was 60.42% and the total effective rate 97.92%. In the control group, the curative rate was 30% and the total effective rate 87.5%. In statistics, P〈0.05, a significant difference existed between the two groups. Conclusion The effect of laser needleknife and acupuncture for CSA is obviously better than that of medication, worth spreading.

Can early precut reduce post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in patients with difficult bile duct cannulation?

BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is associated with a variety of adverse events(AEs).One of the most important AEs is post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP),which is most common in cases of difficult biliary cannulation.Although the precut technique has been reported as a PEP risk factor,recent studies indicate that early precut could reduce PEP,and that precut itself is not a risk factor.AIM To evaluate the safety of the precut technique,especially in terms of PEP.METHODS We conducted a retrospective study,spanning the period from November 2011 through December 2021.It included 1556 patients,aged≥20 years,who underwent their initial ERCP attempt for biliary disease with a naïve papilla at the Kawasaki University General Medical Center.We compared the PEP risk between the early precut and the delayed precut group.RESULTS The PEP incidence rate did not significantly differ between the precut and nonprecut groups.However,the PEP incidence was significantly lower in the early precut group than the delayed precut group(3.5%vs 10.5%;P=0.02).The PEP incidence in the delayed precut group without pancreatic stent insertion(17.3%)was significantly higher compared to other cases(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that early precut may reduce PEP incidence.If the precut decision is delayed,a pancreatic stent should be inserted to prevent PEP.

416例次针形刀困难乳头括约肌切开的体会

目的探讨针形切开刀在困难乳头括约肌切开术中应用的技巧和价值。方法222例采用针形刀开窗术(needle-knife fenestration,NKF),158例直接用针形刀做乳头切开(needle-knife papillotomy,NKP),36例NKF失败后再行NKP。结果NKF组成功率75.2%(167/222),NKP组97.9%(190/194),总成功率85.8%(357/416)。术后发生胆道感染5例(1.2%),其中3例转外科手术胆道引流,2例重新经内镜置入引流管和用抗生素控制感染。术后并发胰腺炎24例(5.8%),其中1例急性重症胰腺炎经3处腹腔穿刺引流术治愈,余均经内科保守治疗。切口大量出血1例,内镜下注射硬化剂止血。结论应用针形刀可使极大多数标准EST或预切开失败者获得乳头切开成功。NKP成功率明显高于NKF,重新NKP可再提高成功率,而严重的并发症和死亡率并无增加,但对乳头过小和胆总管末端较细长者应尽量限制。

内镜下针形刀乳头括约肌切开术的临床应用

目的 :探讨在十二指肠乳头梗阻性病变的内镜处理。方法 :从 1 999年 3月～ 2 0 0 1年 3月 ,对于 2 4例病人 ,其中男性 1 5例 ,女性 9例 ,平均年龄 52岁。在临床上出现黄疸 ,化脓性胆管炎、胆道蛔虫症、胆囊切除术后综合症、所致的oddis括约肌开口处的梗阻性病变 ,包括胰头部肿瘤 4例 ,壶腹部肿瘤 1例 ,胆总管结石嵌顿1 3例 ,蛔虫嵌顿 2例 ,oddis括约肌严重狭窄 3例 ,十二指肠乳头扭曲 1例。这些病变在常规内镜诊断治疗时 ,乳头插管往往困难。利用针型切开刀 ,在十二指肠乳头开口处近端 ,即胆管隆起部作开窗并置管插入胆道 ,再进行一系列相应的内镜治疗。结果 :乳头开窗术在 2 4例病人中均获成功。经乳头开窗术置管作内镜治疗包括乳头括约肌切开 ,网篮取石 ,取蛔虫 ,置入胆道内置管、鼻胆管引流 ,均获得满意的效果。在乳头开窗时有 2例出现少量渗血 ,经电凝、喷洒止血药物后缓解。无十二指肠穿孔发生。结论 :对于常规十二指肠乳头插管困难时 ,利用针型切开刀可获得满意的效果 ,提高了内镜诊断治疗的成功率。特别对于乳头处的嵌顿病变 ,更可达到事半功倍的疗效。

ERCP+EST联合LC与开腹手术治疗胆囊并胆总管结石比较

目的探讨逆行胰胆管造影乳头切开取石术（ERCP＋EST）联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）治疗胆囊并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法选择2013年6月~2014年6月我院肝胆外科收治的162例胆囊并胆总管结石患者,按照手术方式不同分为微创组（88例）与传统组（74例）,传统组采用传统开腹手术治疗,微创组采用十二指肠镜ERCP联合内镜十二指肠EST方案治疗,比较两组的临床疗效、住院时间、医疗费用、并发症发生率。结果两组术后均达治愈,微创组住院时间短于传统组（P〈0.05）,医疗费用及并发症发生率比较两组差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 ERCP＋EST联合LC治疗胆囊并胆总管结石安全有效,患者恢复快。

急性重症胆管炎的内镜治疗

目的 :探讨内镜治疗急性重症胆管炎 (ACST)的疗效和方法。方法 :回顾分析我院经内镜治疗的31例ACST病人治疗前后胆总管直径、血清总胆红素、GPT、ALP、γ GT、血白细胞数以及腹痛等指标变化。结果 :31例病人均耐受内镜治疗 ,93.5 % (2 9/31)症状缓解 ,87.1% (2 7/31)治愈 ,2例内镜治疗失败转手术 ,无 1例死亡。有 4例发生高淀粉酶血症 ,其中 1例发生急性胰腺炎 ,2例出血 ,均治愈 ,无 1例肠穿孔。结论 :内镜治疗ACST是一种安全、有效、创伤小、恢复快、残石率低、适应证广、并发症少的治疗方法。提倡尽早行内镜治疗ACST。

内镜下乳头预切开术在ERCP中的应用

目的探讨内镜下乳头预切开术在ERCP中的应用价值。方法对标准乳头切开法不能应用的病例采用经胰管乳头预切开法或针状切开刀法。结果41例乳头预切开术中,成功36例(87.8%),出现乳头出血3例,经电凝后血止。结论乳头预切开术作为常规ERCP和EST的补充方法,提高了ERCP的成功率,值得临床应用。

乳头扩约肌预切开术在困难插管内镜逆行胰胆管造影术中的疗效分析

目的探讨十二指肠乳头预切开术在内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)中的应用,并评价其在ERCP中的作用和安全性。方法自2008年1月至2011年6月我院肝胆胰外科共完成内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术930例,其中选择性插管困难者采用常规方法不能完成而采用乳头预切开术108例,占11.6%。纳入标准为常规插管失败或反复进入胰管4次判定为选择性插管困难,术中改行乳头预切开术,根据病情完成ERCP检查和内镜下治疗。观察终点为治疗成功率和并发症发生率,并与同期常规ERCP插管病例资料对比分析。统计学处理采用SPSS 13.0统计软件,率的比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果本组乳头预切开术108例,ERCP成功103例,成功率95.4%。术后并发症7例,发生率6.5%,无十二指肠穿孔及死亡病例。同期822例常规ERCP诊治成功率97.7%,术后并发症63例,发生率7.7%。乳头预切开与常规选择性胆管插管两组患者的并发症发生率(χ2=0.141,P=0.707)及成功率(χ2=2.041,P=0.153)差异无统计学意义。结论乳头预切开术与常规ERCP相比不增加发生并发症的风险,可提高困难ERCP的成功率,但要严格掌握适应证,由经验丰富的医师进行。

腹腔镜胆总管探查术中胆管镜下乳头切开术的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查术中胆管镜下乳头切开术的手术方法和适应证。方法斑马导丝引导下的胆管逐级扩张导管或球囊导管对乳头狭窄扩张后,针式刀经胆管镜钳道在胆管逐级扩张导管指引下将乳头狭窄行切开术。结果86例患者中65例乳头狭窄切开成功,不成功的21例中转为其他术式。无肠穿孔、胆管穿孔、大出血、重症胰腺炎等严重并发症,无死亡。结论在有条件的单位,只要选择合适的病例,腹腔镜胆总管探查术中胆管镜下乳头切开术是可行、有效和安全的。

胰管支架植入后针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术在困难内镜下逆行胰胆管造影中的应用

目的探讨胰管支架植入后针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术在困难内镜下逆行胰胆管造影插管中的应用价值。方法 2008年10月～2011年9月在安徽省马鞍山市人民医院消化内镜中心和南京医科大学第二附属医院消化医学中心共199例行针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术患者符合研究条件,分为A、B两组,A组直接采用针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术,共143例患者;B组采用胰管支架植入后针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术,共56例患者。比较两组患者胆管插管成功率及术后并发症发生率。结果 A、B组胆管插管成功率分别为:87.4%(125/143)、96.4%(54/56)。两组患者并发出血比率分别为:10.5%(15/143)、1.8%(1/56);胆管炎发生率分别为:5.6%(8/143)、5.3%(3/56);术后胰腺炎发生率分别为:13.3%(19/143)、3.6%(2/56);两组均无穿孔或死亡病例。组间比较,B组插管成功率明显高于A组(P<0.05),两组患者胆管炎发生率无明显差异(P>0.05),但B组出血及术后胰腺炎发生率低于A组(P<0.05)。结论胰管支架植入后针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术可以提高困难ERCP的胆管插管成功率、降低针状刀乳头括约肌预切开术的并发症发生率。

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中十二指肠镜下乳头切开取石术121例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中十二指肠镜下乳头切开取石术治疗胆囊结石继发胆总管结石的手术方法和适应征。方法腹腔镜下行胆囊切除术,经胆囊管残端插入输尿管导管或斑马导丝至十二指肠腔,经口插入十二指肠镜至十二指肠乳头,针式刀或弓式刀在输尿管导管或斑马导丝指引下对乳头施行切开术,用十二指肠镜取石网或球囊取石。结果施行术中十二指肠镜下乳头切开取石术121例,109例乳头切开取石成功,7例乳头切开成功,5例中转为其他术式。术后轻症胰腺炎7例。无肠穿孔、胆管穿孔、大出血、重症胰腺炎等严重并发症,无死亡。结论只要选择合适的患者,腹腔镜胆囊切除术中十二指肠镜下乳头切开取石术是可行、有效和安全的。

针状刀预切开治疗胆管插管困难疾病52例

目的:探讨针状刀预切开在内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)胆总管插管困难中的应用价值.方法:连续收集52例胆总管插管困难胆总管疾病患者,分析在应用针状刀操作中的难点及操作技巧.结果:52例应用针状刀预切开患者中,插管成功41例,插管成功率为78.85%.其中乳头开口结石嵌顿预切开成功率100%、乳头开口下垂预切开成功率80%、乳头偏向预切开成功率66.67%、乳头过小预切开成功率50%、胆总管下段炎性狭窄预切开成功率71.43%、壶腹部肿瘤预切开成功率83.33%.结论:针状刀预切开在ERCP插管困难时可以起到有效地补救作用.

腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜(三镜)同期手术扩大一期缝合术应用199例报告

目的总结运用腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜(三镜)同期手术治疗胆囊结石、胆总管结石和乳头狭窄,及扩大一期缝合术应用范围的经验。方法腹腔镜下行LC、胆总管切开、胆道镜取石、液电碎石,经腹胆道镜钳道插入输尿管导管或斑马导丝至十二指肠腔,经口十二指肠镜行乳头切开术,一期缝合胆总管切口。结果扩大一期缝合术应用范围199例,术中成功切除胆囊和取净胆总管结石199例。197例乳头狭窄切开成功,直接施行一期缝合术,2例乳头狭窄切开失败者改为T管引流术。术后发生胰腺炎3例;发生胆漏4例,经腹腔引流管引流治愈;无肠穿孔、胆管穿孔、大出血、重症胰腺炎等并发症,无死亡。结论选择适宜的病人,采用三镜同期手术扩大一期缝合术应用范围是可行、有效和安全的。