In this article,the author intends to make a summary and brief criticism with respect to the appraisals of modern scientific and technological civilization and demonstrations of resurrecting Confucian culture performe...In this article,the author intends to make a summary and brief criticism with respect to the appraisals of modern scientific and technological civilization and demonstrations of resurrecting Confucian culture performed by the representatives of modern Neo-Confucianism.展开更多
Ti Ren體認is a commonly used and very important notion in traditional Chinese philosophy and intellectual history,nevertheless with its connotation unclear in the ancients’discourses.This text tries to analyze the me...Ti Ren體認is a commonly used and very important notion in traditional Chinese philosophy and intellectual history,nevertheless with its connotation unclear in the ancients’discourses.This text tries to analyze the method and process of this notion via the perspective of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty.The basic hypothesis of this research is that Ti Ren is the basis of the cultivation theory that helps confucians improve their moral integrity.Under such assumption,this text proposes the core connotation of Ti Ren in Neo-Confucianism lies in personal grasp of the heavenly principle.Based on this,from Zhou Dunyi to Shao Yong,Zhang Zai and the Cheng brothers,this kind of grasp gradually developed into a clear clue from appreciation of objects to that of inner mind,and then epitomized by Zhu Xi.Zhu Xi’s Ti Ren consists of two approaches,extroversive and introversive,and built a way of self-cultivating to be the saint from methods like investigation of things and reading books to the realization of grasping saints’minds.The end of the road is the aesthetic world of eagles soaring in the sky and fishes diving in water,the great pleasure,and on passage,it is overflowing with both physical and spiritual feelings,so that we know Ti Ren possesses aesthetic meanings.Further,based on the differentiation and analysis of the connotation of this concept,this text preliminarily compares Zhu Xi’s Ti Ren with Gadamer’s“Erlebnis”,promoting the possibility of dialogue between east and west philosophy.展开更多
Sulfur is one of the hazardous elements in coal. The concentrations of sulfur are relatively high in coal. The major forms of sulfur in coal are pyritic, organic and sulfate. Pyritic and organic sulfur generally accou...Sulfur is one of the hazardous elements in coal. The concentrations of sulfur are relatively high in coal. The major forms of sulfur in coal are pyritic, organic and sulfate. Pyritic and organic sulfur generally account for the bulk of sulfur in coal. Elemental sulfur also occurs in coal, but only in trace to minor amounts. When coals are burned, leached and washed, sulfur will be released in the form of sulfide and H\-2S, which then react with O\-2, water and other substances to change into vitriol, and in some places it may form acid rain. And they will impact water environment, acidify the soil and do great harm to plants and human health. In this paper, on the basis of the data from the Yanzhou mining district, the distribution and concentrations of sulfur are analyzed and the existing forms of sulfur are studied. The variation of sulfur and its impact on the environments also are described when coal is used.展开更多
In the process of combustion of coal organic and inorganic materials in it will undergo a complex variation. Part of them will become volatiles and, together with coal smoke, enter into atmosphere, some will remain in...In the process of combustion of coal organic and inorganic materials in it will undergo a complex variation. Part of them will become volatiles and, together with coal smoke, enter into atmosphere, some will remain in micro-particulates such as ash and dust and find their way into atmosphere in the form of solid particles, and the rest will be retained in ash and slag. Coal ashes are the residues of organic and inorganic substances in coal left after coal combustion and the composition of coal ashes is dependent on that of minerals and organic matter in coal. This paper deals with the chemical composition of coal ashes, the distribution of trace elements in them and their petrological characteristics, and also studies the relationship between the yield of coal ashes and the distribution of trace elements. In addition, a preliminary study is also undertaken on the factors that affect the chemical composition of coal ashes. As viewed from the analyses of coal ash samples collected from the Yanzhou mining district, it can be seen clearly that coal ashes from the region studied are composed chiefly of crystalline materials, glassy materials and uncombusted organic matter and the major chemical compositions are SiO 2, Al 2O 3, Fe 2O 3, and CaO, as well as minor amounts of SO 3, P 2O 5, Na 2O, K 2O and TiO 2. During the combustion of coal, its trace elements will be redistributed and most of them are enriched in coal ashes. At the same time, the concentrations of the trace elements in flying ash are much higher than those of bottom ash, i.e., with decreasing particle-size of coal ashes their concentrations will become higher and higher. So the contents of trace elements are negatively proportional to the particle-size of coal ashes. There has been found a positive correlation between the trace elements Th, V, Zn, Cu and Pb and the yield of coal ashes while a negative correlation between Cl and the yield of coal ashes.展开更多
Heavy metal pollution brings extensive concerns since 1940s. In order to assess the heavy metal pollution on the farmland of Yanzhou coalfield, 216 soil samples and 54 combined samples were collected. Lead, cadmium, c...Heavy metal pollution brings extensive concerns since 1940s. In order to assess the heavy metal pollution on the farmland of Yanzhou coalfield, 216 soil samples and 54 combined samples were collected. Lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, and nickel contained in both topsoil and deep soil were analyzed using atomic absorbent spectrometry analyzer (AAS). Fuzzy clustering method was used in data processing. And fuzzy synthetic assessment was applied to assess the soil contamination by heavy metals. The result shows that Yanzhou coalfield has been polluted by the heavy metals to some extent.展开更多
This paper compares analytical and numerical methods by taking the forecasting of water yield of deep-buried iron mine in Yanzhou, Shandong as an example. Regarding the analytical method, the equation of infinite and ...This paper compares analytical and numerical methods by taking the forecasting of water yield of deep-buried iron mine in Yanzhou, Shandong as an example. Regarding the analytical method, the equation of infinite and bilateral water inflow boundary is used to forecast the water yield, and in the case of numerical simulation, we employed the GMS software to establish a model and further to forecast the water yield. On the one hand, through applying the analytical method, the maximum water yield of mine 1 500 m deep below the surface was calculated to be 13 645.17 m3/d; on the other hand, through adopting the numerical method, we obtained the predicted result of 3 816.16 m3/d. Meanwhile, by using the boundary generalization in the above-mentioned two methods, and through a comparative analysis of the actual hydro-geological conditions in this deep-buried mine, which also concerns the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods respectively, this paper draws the conclusion that the analytical method is only applicable in ideal conditions, but numerical method is eligible to be used in complex hydro-geological conditions. Therefore, it is more applicable to employ the numerical method to forecast water yield of deep-buried iron mine in Yanzhou, Shandong.展开更多
During the Ming-Qing dynastic transition, the contradictions and conflicts arising from the different political systems, ways of rule, living styles and organization modes of economic life between the Manchu and the H...During the Ming-Qing dynastic transition, the contradictions and conflicts arising from the different political systems, ways of rule, living styles and organization modes of economic life between the Manchu and the Han constituted a central part of Manchu-Han cultural conflicts, and intensified the social contradiction during the earlier years of emperors Shunzhi and Kangxi. Against this background, the early-Qing Neo-Confucianism neither criticized the reality nor rejected the tradition, but attempted to reestablish the moral and ethical order of the Chinese society in accordance with orthodox Confucianism. With its introduction into the imperial court by famous Neo-Confueianists such as Xiong Cilii, Neo-Confucianism began to enjoy increasing influence in Qing politics, and became the dominant official ideology in the Qing society. With this, the Qing dynasty gradually completed its historical transition from traditional Manchu politics to Central-plains politics. Moreover, the emperor＇s turnto Confucianism also put a good end to the decade-long cultural conflict within the Qing dynasty, thus making possible the ethnic intermingling between the Manchu and the Han. Accordingly, the change in Ming loyalists＇ political attitude was a political and cultural indicator of the disorder-order transition of the early-Qing Chinese society.展开更多
This paper analyzes the critique of Neo-Confucianism by the Japanese Jesuit Brother Fabian Fukansai (c. 1565-1621) in the Mydtei Dialogues {Mydtei Mondo 妙貞問答)(1605), as well as Fabian's later critique of Chris...This paper analyzes the critique of Neo-Confucianism by the Japanese Jesuit Brother Fabian Fukansai (c. 1565-1621) in the Mydtei Dialogues {Mydtei Mondo 妙貞問答)(1605), as well as Fabian's later critique of Christianity. It clarifies the author's understanding of Neo-Confiician theory and his apology for Christianity by analyzing his explanation of the Great Ultimate (Tai "kyoku/Taiji 太極)and Principle (ri/li 理),which Fabian sees as nothing but an expression of Buddhist monistic mentalism. It also demonstrates that his explanations of the Great Ultimate and Principle have a crucial flaw: they do not sufficiently explain Zhu Xi's metaphysics, which tried to make the immanent and transcendental characteristics of the Great Ultimate and Principle compatible. This is because Fabian addresses only the elements of “local" religions including Neo-Confucianism with novel keywords that support the framework of Christian Creationism and the Anima Rationalis theory. However, his later work Deus Destroyed (Ha Daius 破提宇子),written after he had rejected Christianity, overturned his former claim by accepting the Neo-Confucian concept of Principle. Fabian's works are a historical example showing the potential limits of a confrontational approach toward other religions.展开更多
This paper is a response to Guotong Li's article in which she argues that Li Zhi(1527-1602),He Qiaoyuan(1557-1633),and Li Guangjin(1549-1623)constituted a fellowship exemplified by their openness toward Islam and ...This paper is a response to Guotong Li's article in which she argues that Li Zhi(1527-1602),He Qiaoyuan(1557-1633),and Li Guangjin(1549-1623)constituted a fellowship exemplified by their openness toward Islam and endorsement of maritime trade.Adopting a socio-intellectual approach,this paper rebukes the claim that the three scholars can be considered a fellowship.It demonstrates that their varying attitudes toward Buddhism and Islam should be considered in relation to their disparate intellectual dispositions.The paper also calls for a more prudent usage of the term"fellowship,"and examines the Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism revival in the mid-Ming,increasingly the dominant intellectual current in Quanzhou.Through an exploration of how Quanzhou Cheng-Zhu scholars participated in overseas trade as well as their literary commemoration of merchants,the paper supplements Guotong Li's study of the city's maritime trade with evidence broader than these three scholars and their Muslim connections.Together,it subscribes to the age-old Confusion tenet of"harmony with diversified views"(he er butong),thereby presenting a nuanced picture of Quanzhou.展开更多
Yanzhou Mining (Group) Corporation, situated in Jining City, Shandong Province, is China’s pillar enterprise in the coal industry and an important coal export base.
Huizhou-style gardens have been greatly influenced by Huizhou culture, their plant landscapes have also been integrated with various aspects of Huizhou culture, which demonstrated the ideology, historical and cultural...Huizhou-style gardens have been greatly influenced by Huizhou culture, their plant landscapes have also been integrated with various aspects of Huizhou culture, which demonstrated the ideology, historical and cultural connotation of the society in an abstract and impalpable way. In this study, Huizhou-style miniature landscapes, plants of virtual implications, flowers or fruit trees of special connotations are taken for examples to analyze the influence of Xin’an Neo-Confucianism on plant landscapes in Huizhou-style gardens, the demonstration of Huizhou businessmen’s aesthetic tastes, as well as folk cultures of Huizhou, which implies that plant landscapes in Huizhou-style gardens are those incorporating with humanistic spirits, ornamental and practical uses. This study aims to provide references for further researches in the present situation of ancient Huizhou areas, protection of ancient Huizhou-style gardens and construction of new-style Huizhou gardens.展开更多
文摘In this article,the author intends to make a summary and brief criticism with respect to the appraisals of modern scientific and technological civilization and demonstrations of resurrecting Confucian culture performed by the representatives of modern Neo-Confucianism.
基金This paper is part of the research project entitled“The Power of Poetic Discourse in the Context of Neo-Confucianism and the Presentation of the Aesthetical Realm within Zhu Xi’s Poetry(18CZW002)”funded by National Social Science Foundation of China.
文摘Ti Ren體認is a commonly used and very important notion in traditional Chinese philosophy and intellectual history,nevertheless with its connotation unclear in the ancients’discourses.This text tries to analyze the method and process of this notion via the perspective of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty.The basic hypothesis of this research is that Ti Ren is the basis of the cultivation theory that helps confucians improve their moral integrity.Under such assumption,this text proposes the core connotation of Ti Ren in Neo-Confucianism lies in personal grasp of the heavenly principle.Based on this,from Zhou Dunyi to Shao Yong,Zhang Zai and the Cheng brothers,this kind of grasp gradually developed into a clear clue from appreciation of objects to that of inner mind,and then epitomized by Zhu Xi.Zhu Xi’s Ti Ren consists of two approaches,extroversive and introversive,and built a way of self-cultivating to be the saint from methods like investigation of things and reading books to the realization of grasping saints’minds.The end of the road is the aesthetic world of eagles soaring in the sky and fishes diving in water,the great pleasure,and on passage,it is overflowing with both physical and spiritual feelings,so that we know Ti Ren possesses aesthetic meanings.Further,based on the differentiation and analysis of the connotation of this concept,this text preliminarily compares Zhu Xi’s Ti Ren with Gadamer’s“Erlebnis”,promoting the possibility of dialogue between east and west philosophy.
文摘Sulfur is one of the hazardous elements in coal. The concentrations of sulfur are relatively high in coal. The major forms of sulfur in coal are pyritic, organic and sulfate. Pyritic and organic sulfur generally account for the bulk of sulfur in coal. Elemental sulfur also occurs in coal, but only in trace to minor amounts. When coals are burned, leached and washed, sulfur will be released in the form of sulfide and H\-2S, which then react with O\-2, water and other substances to change into vitriol, and in some places it may form acid rain. And they will impact water environment, acidify the soil and do great harm to plants and human health. In this paper, on the basis of the data from the Yanzhou mining district, the distribution and concentrations of sulfur are analyzed and the existing forms of sulfur are studied. The variation of sulfur and its impact on the environments also are described when coal is used.
文摘In the process of combustion of coal organic and inorganic materials in it will undergo a complex variation. Part of them will become volatiles and, together with coal smoke, enter into atmosphere, some will remain in micro-particulates such as ash and dust and find their way into atmosphere in the form of solid particles, and the rest will be retained in ash and slag. Coal ashes are the residues of organic and inorganic substances in coal left after coal combustion and the composition of coal ashes is dependent on that of minerals and organic matter in coal. This paper deals with the chemical composition of coal ashes, the distribution of trace elements in them and their petrological characteristics, and also studies the relationship between the yield of coal ashes and the distribution of trace elements. In addition, a preliminary study is also undertaken on the factors that affect the chemical composition of coal ashes. As viewed from the analyses of coal ash samples collected from the Yanzhou mining district, it can be seen clearly that coal ashes from the region studied are composed chiefly of crystalline materials, glassy materials and uncombusted organic matter and the major chemical compositions are SiO 2, Al 2O 3, Fe 2O 3, and CaO, as well as minor amounts of SO 3, P 2O 5, Na 2O, K 2O and TiO 2. During the combustion of coal, its trace elements will be redistributed and most of them are enriched in coal ashes. At the same time, the concentrations of the trace elements in flying ash are much higher than those of bottom ash, i.e., with decreasing particle-size of coal ashes their concentrations will become higher and higher. So the contents of trace elements are negatively proportional to the particle-size of coal ashes. There has been found a positive correlation between the trace elements Th, V, Zn, Cu and Pb and the yield of coal ashes while a negative correlation between Cl and the yield of coal ashes.
基金Project 30302408 supported by Land and Resource Ministry of China
文摘Heavy metal pollution brings extensive concerns since 1940s. In order to assess the heavy metal pollution on the farmland of Yanzhou coalfield, 216 soil samples and 54 combined samples were collected. Lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, and nickel contained in both topsoil and deep soil were analyzed using atomic absorbent spectrometry analyzer (AAS). Fuzzy clustering method was used in data processing. And fuzzy synthetic assessment was applied to assess the soil contamination by heavy metals. The result shows that Yanzhou coalfield has been polluted by the heavy metals to some extent.
文摘This paper compares analytical and numerical methods by taking the forecasting of water yield of deep-buried iron mine in Yanzhou, Shandong as an example. Regarding the analytical method, the equation of infinite and bilateral water inflow boundary is used to forecast the water yield, and in the case of numerical simulation, we employed the GMS software to establish a model and further to forecast the water yield. On the one hand, through applying the analytical method, the maximum water yield of mine 1 500 m deep below the surface was calculated to be 13 645.17 m3/d; on the other hand, through adopting the numerical method, we obtained the predicted result of 3 816.16 m3/d. Meanwhile, by using the boundary generalization in the above-mentioned two methods, and through a comparative analysis of the actual hydro-geological conditions in this deep-buried mine, which also concerns the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods respectively, this paper draws the conclusion that the analytical method is only applicable in ideal conditions, but numerical method is eligible to be used in complex hydro-geological conditions. Therefore, it is more applicable to employ the numerical method to forecast water yield of deep-buried iron mine in Yanzhou, Shandong.
文摘During the Ming-Qing dynastic transition, the contradictions and conflicts arising from the different political systems, ways of rule, living styles and organization modes of economic life between the Manchu and the Han constituted a central part of Manchu-Han cultural conflicts, and intensified the social contradiction during the earlier years of emperors Shunzhi and Kangxi. Against this background, the early-Qing Neo-Confucianism neither criticized the reality nor rejected the tradition, but attempted to reestablish the moral and ethical order of the Chinese society in accordance with orthodox Confucianism. With its introduction into the imperial court by famous Neo-Confueianists such as Xiong Cilii, Neo-Confucianism began to enjoy increasing influence in Qing politics, and became the dominant official ideology in the Qing society. With this, the Qing dynasty gradually completed its historical transition from traditional Manchu politics to Central-plains politics. Moreover, the emperor＇s turnto Confucianism also put a good end to the decade-long cultural conflict within the Qing dynasty, thus making possible the ethnic intermingling between the Manchu and the Han. Accordingly, the change in Ming loyalists＇ political attitude was a political and cultural indicator of the disorder-order transition of the early-Qing Chinese society.
文摘This paper analyzes the critique of Neo-Confucianism by the Japanese Jesuit Brother Fabian Fukansai (c. 1565-1621) in the Mydtei Dialogues {Mydtei Mondo 妙貞問答)(1605), as well as Fabian's later critique of Christianity. It clarifies the author's understanding of Neo-Confiician theory and his apology for Christianity by analyzing his explanation of the Great Ultimate (Tai "kyoku/Taiji 太極)and Principle (ri/li 理),which Fabian sees as nothing but an expression of Buddhist monistic mentalism. It also demonstrates that his explanations of the Great Ultimate and Principle have a crucial flaw: they do not sufficiently explain Zhu Xi's metaphysics, which tried to make the immanent and transcendental characteristics of the Great Ultimate and Principle compatible. This is because Fabian addresses only the elements of “local" religions including Neo-Confucianism with novel keywords that support the framework of Christian Creationism and the Anima Rationalis theory. However, his later work Deus Destroyed (Ha Daius 破提宇子),written after he had rejected Christianity, overturned his former claim by accepting the Neo-Confucian concept of Principle. Fabian's works are a historical example showing the potential limits of a confrontational approach toward other religions.
文摘This paper is a response to Guotong Li's article in which she argues that Li Zhi(1527-1602),He Qiaoyuan(1557-1633),and Li Guangjin(1549-1623)constituted a fellowship exemplified by their openness toward Islam and endorsement of maritime trade.Adopting a socio-intellectual approach,this paper rebukes the claim that the three scholars can be considered a fellowship.It demonstrates that their varying attitudes toward Buddhism and Islam should be considered in relation to their disparate intellectual dispositions.The paper also calls for a more prudent usage of the term"fellowship,"and examines the Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism revival in the mid-Ming,increasingly the dominant intellectual current in Quanzhou.Through an exploration of how Quanzhou Cheng-Zhu scholars participated in overseas trade as well as their literary commemoration of merchants,the paper supplements Guotong Li's study of the city's maritime trade with evidence broader than these three scholars and their Muslim connections.Together,it subscribes to the age-old Confusion tenet of"harmony with diversified views"(he er butong),thereby presenting a nuanced picture of Quanzhou.
文摘Yanzhou Mining (Group) Corporation, situated in Jining City, Shandong Province, is China’s pillar enterprise in the coal industry and an important coal export base.
文摘Huizhou-style gardens have been greatly influenced by Huizhou culture, their plant landscapes have also been integrated with various aspects of Huizhou culture, which demonstrated the ideology, historical and cultural connotation of the society in an abstract and impalpable way. In this study, Huizhou-style miniature landscapes, plants of virtual implications, flowers or fruit trees of special connotations are taken for examples to analyze the influence of Xin’an Neo-Confucianism on plant landscapes in Huizhou-style gardens, the demonstration of Huizhou businessmen’s aesthetic tastes, as well as folk cultures of Huizhou, which implies that plant landscapes in Huizhou-style gardens are those incorporating with humanistic spirits, ornamental and practical uses. This study aims to provide references for further researches in the present situation of ancient Huizhou areas, protection of ancient Huizhou-style gardens and construction of new-style Huizhou gardens.
