Neoliberalism,Anti-Neoliberalism and Socialism

Neoliberalism,Anti-Neoliberalism and

The discussion of the challenges and responses of neoliberalism to Chinese ideology

With the further deepening of China's reform and opening up, the influence of neoliberalism in China has gradually increased. In recent years, it has become the top three of the ten most influential ideological trends in China. Although some theories it requires that we should give full play to the role of the market is reasonable somehow, but the harm it contains is beyond its rational part enormously ,which has caused the severe challenge to China^s ideology. Thus, We should always be vigilant and clear to ensure the ideology safety of our country and the right direction of reform.

The Developmental Sources of South Korean Neoliberalism

How do South Korea's developmental legacies influence its contemporary political economy?The discourse surrounding this question has tended to diverge over the extent to which South Korea's state-led developmental model has been supplanted by a market-led,neoliberal mode of political-economic organization Though this debate has indeed fostered many important individual contributions,it has also yielded a muddled and ambiguous theoretical landscape.To clarify this cluttered terrain,this paper draws from recent advances in the study of neoliberalism to establish critical points of consonance between statist perspectives on Korean development and neoliberalism To this end,it identifies key threads of continuity binding South Korea's developmental past with its neoliberal present.The paper finds that critical aspects of the developmental state's interaction with society,from coercion to ideological suasion furnished elemental building blocks to those actively constructing a South Korean neoliberalism Thus,exploring these historical contours producesa fresh means for apprehending the interactions of enduring statist developmental legacies with contemporary neoliberal reforms,both theoretically and empirically.As such,this study yields an improved set of conceptual tools for grasping the complex empirical phenomena shaping the interplay of neoliberalism,developmentalism,and democracy within contemporary South Korea.

Managing Subjectivity： Neoliberalism, Human Capital and Empowerment

In this paper, I suggest that, even more than the state, capitalist enterprise is the most influential institution of neoliberalism, both for the effect it conveys in terms of management in public institutions （New Public Management） and its influence on the subjectivity of neoliberal individuals. However, one could stress, from the perspective of economic theory of the firm, the neoliberal transformations of the capitalist enterprises itself. Two transformations that are taking place from the 1980s seem particularly important. The first is the firm＇s transformation in a ＂nexus of contracts＂ as claimed by the agency theory of Jensen and Meckling that describe and enable the current financialization of the economy. The second is the trans- formation of organisations in a ＂nexus of skills＂ as claimed by the cognitive paradigm of the firm that apply to the company economic reasoning in terms of ＂human capital＂. I then examine the effects on neoliberal subjectivation of these two major changes, from the labour point of view. First, the neoliberal subject imagines, describes and manages itself as the subject of investment in ＂human capital＂. Second, the disappearance of traditional employment contract corresponds to the emergence and intensification of another form of contract, the ＂psychological contract＂, which tends to become a major form of relationship-employed but also a model for relationships between individuals. Finally, lifelong learning is becoming the major form of empowerment of employees, but also a ＂lifestyle＂ based on the apprecia6on of one＇s own human capital and the infinite task of perfecting oneself to match up our ＂skills portfolio＂ with the labour market. These transformations of neoliberal subjectivity have costs that can be summarised by the widespread phe- nomena of burn out, but also the birth of a new form of racism, based on ＂quality＂ of human capital （skills, abilities, capabilities）.

Critique analysis of Haitian development from modernization and neoliberalism perspectives

I.Introduction Haiti is the poorest country in Latin America and the Caribbean,with 78%of the population living below the $2 per day poverty line,and 50% surviving or less than$1 per day(Kamil,2009).This situation became especially worse after the devastating earthquake.From observing the rankings and indicators announced by

“Data Hegemony”: Reflections for the Application and Development Direction of Metaverse Technology in Urban Design based on Digital

This paper is based on the phenomenon of Tittytainment and big data control.It discusses the ways in which working youths live and work in their large suburban communities in Beijing as well as their leisure and entertainment activities.Then develops a problem statement and research questions.In addition,the project explores this reality phenomenon dialectically through the analysis and speculation of the new virtual reality technology“Metaverse.”Based on a critical design approach,the phenomenon is explored through a detailed description and examination of reality,before critically suggesting the possibility of future social control by big data companies through the“metaverse”space.Furthermore,this paper alerts to the neoliberalism that dominates globalization through anti-utopian expressions,waking up young people who are compromised by big data control and addicted to Tittytainment.

The impacts of organizational culture and neoliberal ideology on the continued existence of incivility and bullying in healthcare institutions:A discussion paper

Countless research studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of incivility and bullying in healthcare.Despite the abundance of proposed solutions to this issue,many healthcare leaders continue to fail in mitigating the existence of such negative behaviors in the workplace.Personality attributes of perpetrators and victims have received attention,but much less research has examined the organizational and neoliberal causations of incivility and bullying in healthcare.Being the largest occupational group in the health sector,nursing professionals have the greatest influence and are crucial in ending these behaviors.This discussion paper outlines the effects of incivility and bullying in healthcare and provides a critical analysis on how organizational culture and neoliberal ideology influence the pervasiveness and persistence of these negative behaviors.The analysis reveals that organizational cultures that misuse power,disregard equality,and facilitate oppression,foster the existence of incivility and bullying in the workplace.Such cultures permit perpetrators to misuse their authority to control resource allocation,ignorance to social inequalities,and the silence of victims.Furthermore,the neoliberal concept of deregulation,austerity,and individualism further these behaviors.The neoliberal reforms have led to underfunding of anti-bullying programs and policies,use of bullying behaviours as management strategies,and victim-blaming for profit maximization.Financial cutbacks have resulted in denial and acceptance of uncivil and bullying behaviours in healthcare institutions,which endangers the rights of healthcare providers to a safe workplace environment.To curtail these negative behaviors,robust anti-bullying policies and programs must be strictly enforced and sustained in practice.Further exploration on the association of organizational culture and neoliberal principles to incivility and bullying in healthcare is greatly warranted.

The Colonization and Decolonization of Time

The article addresses the issue of leisure in the sense of ancient ＂schole.＂ It strives to uncover the relationship between Aristotelian concept of theoretical activity and ＂schole＂ as vacuity. It shows a paradoxical character of ＂schole＂ as purposeless time that forms condition for a meaningful activity. How, then, to restore ＂schole＂ as vacuity today, when colonization of time expands？

Conflict： Efficient State or State Under the Rule of Law？-- The Hungarian Case of the Victory of the Efficient State over the State Under the Rule of Law

This study is seeking an answer as to whether the efficient state and the state under the rule of law are indeed irreconcilable, as well as to whether these two categories are by nature to be seen as contrary concepts. The basic issue is whether efficiency is to be handled as an ＂extralegal＂ category, or whether legal regulation, in accordance with public administration traditions in Europe, can in itself meet the requirement of efficiency. Also the study presents the formation of the issue of conflict between the effective state and the state under the rule of law in Hungary after the election held in 2010 in the practice of economic policy and legislation of the Orban government. We are trying to answer the question of the tendency of power concentration to really menace the principles of a traditionally-formed state under the rule of law, as well as whether the economic policy of the government can be implemented effectively in a strongly centralized political and state administrative system.

Living in Neoliberal America:Extremism,Pauperization,and Negative Solidarity

This paper illuminates some of the main effects that neoliberalism has on the psychological and socio-economic profile of Americans.It outlines the structural processes that produced the groundwork for today’s enormous popularity of right-wing extremism in the USA.America’s middle-class has turned right-wing extremist during the Trump years and this trend has continued to dominate American politics today.While populism mobilizes feelings of injustice and grievances,the source and commencement of these grievances is the centerpiece of this article.The paper does so by applying Rodrigo Nunes’(2020a)analysis of the effects of Bolsenarismo in Brazil to the American society.The paper differentiates between the effects of individualism,punitivism,and the valorization of order above the law and shows how these trends have influenced preponderant identity traits of Baby Boomers and Generation X.Secondly,the paper focuses on the concept of“negative solidarity”which is one direct consequence of the worldview produced by successful indoctrination of neoliberal values and goes hand in hand with the consequent pauperization of the American worker.The preponderance of negative solidarity remains a key handicap for a democratic future and for any social mobilization efforts within the USA.

Logic of China’s Rise:From List’s Model to List-Afa’s Error-Tolerant Model

Error-tolerantism developed from liberalism holds that national development generally considers four fundamental concepts,trial and error costs,trial and error competences,trial and error directions,and rights to be wrong.China’s rise is that state-owned enterprises basically bear trial and error costs of capital intensive industries,overcoming neoliberal defects;private companies mainly bear those of labor intensive industries,and foster new markets for capital intensive industries,learning neoliberal advantages.The Government develops economy through special economic zones for limited trial and error costs;good relations maintain between Chinese higher education and foreign scientific centers of the Soviet Union,Europe,the United States,etc.,and can help China improve trial and error competences.Privatization of small state-owned enterprises solves waste and inefficiency,and also participates in global competition to recover trial and error costs.The error-tolerant market economy based on error-tolerantism emphasizes that the powers to be wrong of entrepreneurs or financial units are empowered by the people,so they should benefit the people by reasonable redistribution.Error-tolerantism regards that China’s rise has developed List’s standard model to List-Afa’s error-tolerant model.

Globalization as a Social Utopia： Towards the Modem Sociological Criticism of a Mythological Discourse

The article presents a social analysis of global transformation processes. The global transformation processes are treated as contradictory. These processes are not as positive as the negative impact on the system of modem societies. Globalization as a popular ideology is based on the mythologizing of global neoliberal pseudo-integration, standardlization and unification. Thus it was formulated mythological discourse of global changes research. Apology of this mythological discourse became the intellectual foundation of globalization as a new social utopia. The article presents a critique of the mythological discourse of globalization. The ideology of globalization is interpreted as social dystopia.

The Non-state Provision of Health Care and State Capacity in Nigeria

This paper examines the performance of non-state actors （NSA） in the provision of health services in the Federal Capital Territory （FCT） Abuja and the consequences for state capacity in Nigeria. The rapid expansion of non-state providers in health care delivery in Nigeria came up as a result of the neoliberal globalization. The initiation of structural adjustment program （SAP） program in Nigeria reduced state performance in social services provision in all sectors including Health care. The study revealed that state-owned health care centers, although cheaper, are not able to meet the expectations of most Nigerian citizens while the private health care providers on the other hand are expensive and beyond the reach of the average person. The paper concludes that NSA substitute state capacity. Against this background, the paper recommends that the federal government should put structures and policies in place to facilitate and enhance the equitable delivery of healthcare services in Nigeria to improve development outcomes for all Nigerian citizens.

The Root Cause of the Anti-globalization Movement in the United States:the Erosion of the Level-standard Economy

This paper uses Qian’s level-standard economy approach to analyze the losses and gains of American globalization in the Neoliberal Era.Analysis found that:level-standard economy’s sectors are the losers during the process of American globalization in the Neoliberal Era;and super levelstandard economy’s sectors are the winners during the process of American globalization in the Neoliberal Era.The erosion of the level-standard economy has great harm and impact on related parties,so that the USA emerges the movement of populist backlash against globalization.This paper proposes 4 measures to solve this dilemma,i.e.,to impose higher tax rates on the winners of American globalization in the Neoliberal Era,to subsidize more to the losers of American globalization in the Neoliberal Era,to moderately relocate manufacturing and other industries back to the U.S.,and to further strengthen transnational cooperation.

Territorial heritage gentrification in Abdali in Amman,Jordan

Having established itself as a heritage discourse,planetary gentrification is being studied in terms of how it operates in the Global South.This study focuses on the case of Abdali Amman,a significant mixed-use neighbourhood in Jordan that has experienced numerous mega-gentrification initiatives.According to Bourdieu’s theories of the state and dispositional practices,this study critically evaluates urban gentrification practices.In terms of gentrification governance,which takes place in two adjacent‘state’and‘civic’zones inside the Abdali district,this study analyses the interactions between transnational and state actors and the intragovernmental(state-municipality)governance system.Gentrification in Amman is connected to the revitalisation of historic sites,is a matter of urban governance,and operates from the transnational sphere along national and local lines.Furthermore,gentrification is caught in a desire/resistance paradox with calls for legitimacy and recognition.As a country in the Global South,Jordan has welcomed capitalist urbanisation.Gentrification is articulated within a flux between deterritorialisation/reterritorialisation,producing a form of‘heritage gentrification’in which history and national heritage are sacrificed through a process of satellite gentrification that is rooted in generative cultural transformation and governed by decentralised power structures.Introducing a Western blueprint of planetary gentrification through narrow gates into non-Western environments is a prevailing challenge.

The Historical and Present Dimensions of Consensus on New Global Governance

The experience and lessons from the century and the experience of successful development of market economy since the 19th socialism with Chinese characteristics show that the free development of the market needs corresponding governance to match up with it, or the other way round it will inevitably enlarge the negative influence of the market and lead to the intensification of social contradictions. In order to promote the healthy development of economic globalization, it is necessary to adjust the previous neoliberal order and establish a new global governance model, for the old order is oriented towards complete marketization, privatization and Westernized political system in terms of governance. This model is the crux of many problems in the current economic globalization. For this reason, the new global governance should be based on the following consensus： The balance between the market and the state recognizes a diversified national governance mode, but such pluralistic mode should be premised on win-win cooperation and mutual benefits, and boosting development provides a basis for guaranteeing the smooth development of current economic globalization. At present, it is urgent to find a global approach to the improvement of development to cope with the tmdercurrents of de- and anti-globalization. So, the author holds that on the basis of the ＂Belt and Road Initiative,＂ the construction of global infrastructure should be used as a new growth point for promoting global economy. This solution can alleviate the difficulties of employment loss and weak growth in some developed countries in the West, improve the development capacity of developing countries, and meanwhile enhance the production capacity and capital exports of countries like China.

Rethinking the World Bank Agenda for Chinese Higher Education Reform

This article explores the way in which the World Bank has worked effectively with China in higher education.It investigates whether or not the cooperation between the two has changed in line with their changing relationship.More specifically,it discusses whether the World Bank’s China agenda reflects the reform package of socio-institutional neoliberalism which the World Bank has tended to promote worldwide in the era of the Post-Washington Consensus,and how China’s higher education reform has been influenced by the agenda.The article argues that as China is transferring its role from that of a recipient country to that of a donor country,it is increasingly important to position itself as a global player.Other than mastering the game rules of the international community,China should also expand its influence within and through these major international organizations.

Education Under Siege: Exploring How International Economic Sanctions Create Crises of Pedagogy

Purpose:This article examines the adverse impact of international economic sanctions on pedagogy.The article considers the contemporary times as a period of misinformation,false news,and untruths.Utilizing anti-hegemonic literature,international economic sanctions are viewed as neoliberalism's instrument of coercion,a Western weapon used to enforce Western values on thosewithdifferentperceptions toward thefreemarket system.Design/Approach/Methods:This article utilizes critical scholarship to unmask authoritarian neoliberalism and a scoping review of sanctioned societies.Critical analytics are deployedto interpret and make sense of the dominant educational policy framework that appears to be against diversity.Findings:Neoliberalism has caused a crisis in pedagogy.Education is under siege as academics and scientific evidence are being disregarded.The call is for pedagogues from all over the world to continue to avail evidence to power by practicing critical education.Literature is utilized to propose critical pedagogy when scientific evidence is disputed,and non-Western epistemologies are considered anachronous.Originality/Value:Linking sanctions and neoliberalism is relativelynovel,as is the contribution of the same lenses to authoritarian neoliberalism.The assault on divergent epistemologies is critical,and the defense of critical scholarship is every academic's duty.The article joins conversations on the neoliberal assault on education and society.

Active Citizens in a Weak State:‘Self-Help’Groups and the Post-Soviet Neoliberal Subject in Contemporary Kyrgyzstan

This article explores the new political subjectivities that are emerging in disadvantaged communities in Kyrgyzstan following post-Soviet state transformation and retreat.It explores the ways in which the collapse of the Soviet-era bureaucracy and emergence of a marketising yet rent-seeking state bureaucracy has facilitated the emergence of‘active citizens’in self-built shanty towns in two locations in Kyrgyzstan-the capital,Bishkek,and the Issyk Kul resort region in the east.Based on participant observation and research interviews with members of so-called‘selfhelp groups’in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan,in which residents coorganise to lobby local government for basic amenities and pool funds to raise money for community infrastructure and services in the absence of a functioning state,the paper makes two contributions to understanding the nature of citizenship in the context of weak,post-Soviet states.First,it suggests that,rather than seeing self-organised citizens as a threat to stability-a perspective common to non-liberal governments-these initiatives are supported and encouraged by the Kyrgyz authorities,since they perform tasks and provide services in lieu of the weak state.Autonomous citizens who can take responsibility for their own welfare are useful when the state cannot provide adequate services.Hence,leaders of weak states are able to recontextualise global neoliberal discourses of active citizenship,which emphasise autonomous,rational citizens,in order to legitimise their functional inabilities.Second,it seeks to problematise the binary distinction between the‘passive Soviet citizen’and the modern,post-Soviet active citizen,evident in government and international NGO discourses,and suggests that the idea of the‘passive Soviet citizen’is a discursive trope utilised to distinguish desirable from undesirable subjectivity in the post-Soviet market state.