Study on the risk factors of lymphatic metastasis and the indications of less invasive operations in early gastric cancer

INTRODUCTIONThe principle of surgical treatment for gastric cancer is theradical resectioning although the suitable resetting range fordifferent cases of gastric cancer is still being arguedupon.However,the diagnostic accuracy of

Genetic Fingerprint Concerned with Lymphatic Metastasis of Human Lung Squamous Cancer

背景与目的筛选肺鳞癌患者淋巴转移差异表达基因群。方法原发癌组织及区域淋巴结取自10例接受完全性肺癌切除手术的肺鳞癌患者。根据组织来源将标本分为三组:不伴淋巴转移的肺鳞癌组织(TxN-,n=5)、伴有淋巴转移的肺鳞癌组织(TxN+,n=5)及相应转移淋巴结中的肺鳞癌细胞(N+,n=5)。对各组进行激光显微切割以获得纯净癌细胞,T7RNA线性扩增获取足够量的RNA,实验通道和参照通道分别标记以后与含6000个已知人类基因或表达序列标签的cDNA基因芯片杂交,扫描荧光信号以后进行数据分析。结果共有37个基因可将TxN+组与TxN-组区分开,其中在TxN+组高表达的基因有8个,主要涉及蛋白合成、信号传导、伴侣蛋白和酶等。有29个基因在TxN-组高表达,这些基因主要编码细胞周期调节子、转导子、信号传导蛋白以及细胞凋亡调节蛋白。比较N+组与TxN+组却没有发现具有显著性的差异表达基因。结论肺鳞癌的淋巴转移表型的获得可能是早期事件。这些差异基因的发现有助于阐明肺鳞癌淋巴转移的分子机制和寻找新的治疗靶点。

Perimuscular connective tissue contains more and larger lymphatic vessels than the shallower layers in human gallbladders

AIM: To clarify whether perimuscular connective tissuecontains more lymphatic vessels than the shallowerlayers in human gallbladders.METHODS: Lymphatic vessels were stainedimmunohistochemically with monoclonal antibody D2-40,which is a specific marker of lymphatic endothelium, inrepresentative sections of 12 normal human gallbladdersobtained at the time of resection for colorectal carcinomaliver metastases. In individual gallbladder specimens,nine high-power (× 200) fields with the highestlymphatic vessel density (LVD), termed "hot spots", wereidentified for each layer (mucosa, muscle layer, andperimuscular connective tissue). In individual hot spots,the LVD and relative lymphatic vessel area (LVA) weremeasured microscopically using a computer-aided imageanalysis system. The mean LVD and LVA values for thenine hot spots in each layer were used for statisticalanalyses.RESULTS: In the mucosa, muscle layer, andperimuscular connective tissue, the LVD was 16.1 ± 9.2,35.4 ± 15.7, and 65.5 ± 12.2, respectively, and the LVAwas 0.4 ± 0.4, 2.1 ± 1.1, and 9.4 ± 2.6, respectively.Thus, both the LVD and LVA differed significantly (P <0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively; Kruskal-Wallis test)among the individual layers of the wall of the gallbladder,with the highest LVD and LVA values in the perimuscularconnective tissue. Most (98 of 108) of the hot spotswithin the perimuscular connective tissue were locatedwithin 500 μm of the lower border of the muscle layer.CONCLUSION: The perimuscular connective tissuecontains more and larger lymphatic vessels than the shallower layers in the human gallbladder. This observation partly explains why the incidence of lymph node metastasis is high in T2 (tumor invading the perimuscular connective tissue) or more advanced gallbladder carcinoma.

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with contralateral lymphatic skip metastasis and breast cancer: A case report

BACKGROUND The recognized pattern of cervical lymph node metastasis(CLNM)of papillary thyroid carcinoma involves a stepwise route.Contralateral lymph node skip metastasis is very rare.In addition,the patient in our case report also suffered from a breast carcinoma accompanied by left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy,which made it difficult to distinguish the origin of the CLNM.Based on this case,we recommended that more detailed physical and imaging examinations are needed for patients with uncommon cervical lymphatic metastasis of primary cancer.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old women was admitted to the hospital for a neck mass in the left cervical region that had existed for 2 mo.The neck mass was suspected to be an enlarged lateral LN originating from papillary thyroid microcarcinoma of the contralateral thyroid lobe,according to ultrasound and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy.The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and radical cervical LN dissection.Postoperative pathology confirmed the diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with contralateral lymphatic skip metastasis.Unfortunately,a breast cancer was discovered 4 mo later,which was accompanied by ipsilateral supraclavicular LN metastasis.She accepted neoadjuvant chemotherapy and subsequent left modified radical mastectomy for treatment.The patient is currently receiving postoperative radiotherapy,and no local recurrence was observed in the 6-mo follow-up after surgery.CONCLUSIONWe present a rare case of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma with contralateral lymphatic skipmetastasis and breast cancer with supraclavicular lymphatic metastasis.

Liver-directed therapies for liver metastases from neuroendocrine neoplasms:Can laser ablation play any role?

Aggressive cytoreduction can prolong survival in patients with unresectable liver metastases(LM)from neuroendocrine neoplasms(NEN),and minimally invasive,liver-directed therapies are gaining increasing interest.Catheter-based treatments are used in disseminated disease,whereas ablation techniques are usually indicated when the number of LM is limited.Although radiofrequency ablation(RFA)is by far the most used ablative technique,the goal of this opinion review is to explore the potential role of laser ablation(LA)in the treatment of LM from NEN.LA uses thinner needles than RFA,and this is an advantage when the tumors are in at-risk locations.Moreover,the multi-fiber technique enables the use of one to four laser fibers at once,and each fiber provides an almost spherical thermal lesion of 12-15 mm in diameter.Such a characteristic enables to tailor the size of each thermal lesion to the size of each tumor,sparing the liver parenchyma more than any other liver-directed therapy,and allowing for repeated treatments with low risk of liver failure.A recent retrospective study reporting the largest series of LM treated with LA documents both safety and effectiveness of LA,that can play a useful role in the multimodality approach to LM from NEN.

结直肠神经内分泌肿瘤患者ESD后淋巴结转移情况及其与SATB2的相关性

目的探讨结直肠神经内分泌肿瘤(NENs)患者内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)后淋巴结转移情况及与特异性AT序列结合蛋白2(SATB2)的相关性。方法纳入2018年1月至2023年1月汉中市中心医院收治的158例结直肠NENs患者,均行ESD治疗。记录所有患者的手术和随访结果,包括整块切除率、切缘阳性率、淋巴结转移率。根据患者随访期间淋巴结转移情况分为转移组和对照组,记录两组的临床资料并进行比较。使用二元Logistic回归分析影响结直肠NENs患者ESD后淋巴结转移的危险因素,用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析SATB2对患者ESD后淋巴结转移的预测价值。结果158例患者ESD均为整块切除,整块切除率为100.00%,14例(8.86%)患者切缘阳性。随访期间淋巴结转移21例(13.29%)纳入转移组,无淋巴转移137例纳入对照组。两组的肿瘤分期、肿瘤直径、淋巴管浸润、SATB2阳性比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,肿瘤分期、肿瘤直径、淋巴管浸润为结直肠NENs患者ESD后淋巴结转移的危险因素,SATB2阳性为保护性因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,SATB2对结直肠NENs患者ESD后淋巴结转移预测的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.747(95%CI 0.626~0.867),灵敏度为57.69%,特异度为91.67%。结论结直肠NENs患者ESD后淋巴结转移的发生与肿瘤分期、肿瘤直径、淋巴管浸润、SATB2表达相关,其中SATB2可作为患者淋巴结转移评估的有效指标。

多模态超声在甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移诊断中的临床应用价值

【目的】探讨多模态超声在甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)颈部淋巴结转移诊断中的临床应用价值。【方法】回顾性分析2021年8月至2023年7月本院收治的90例PTC伴颈部淋巴结肿大患者的临床资料,所有入选者均进行二维超声(two dimensional ultrasound,DUS)、超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CUES)、弹性超声成像技术(elastic ultrasound imaging technology,UE)检查。以病理结果为参考标准,分析DUS、CUES、UE单项检查与联合检查诊断PTC颈部淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度及准确度。分析PTC伴颈部淋巴结转移与未转移患者超声特征。【结果】90例PTC伴颈部淋巴结肿大患者病理结果显示,55例(61.11%)患者伴有颈部淋巴结转移,35例(38.89%)患者未出现颈部淋巴结转移。DUS、CUES、UE联合检查诊断PTC伴颈部淋巴转移的准确度为92.22%(83/90),明显高于DUS(73.33%)、CUES(80.00%)、UE(81.11%)单一检查,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合诊断灵敏度、特异度与CUES未见明显差异,但均高于DUS、UE单项检查,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。转移组患者血供模式、病灶组织所在区域、灌注均匀度、弹性评分、边缘规则及微钙化情况与未转移组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】PTC颈部淋巴结转移临床诊断中应用多模态超声检查具有较高的诊断效能,临床需重视血供模式为周边血流型、病灶位于颈上部及中部、边缘不规则、微钙化等超声特征的病灶,以提高诊断准确性。

表观扩散系数鉴别肺癌脑转移瘤组织学分型及其与Ki-67增殖指数的相关性

目的探讨表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)鉴别诊断肺癌脑转移瘤组织学分型的价值及其与Ki-67增殖指数之间的关系。材料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的20例小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤和41例非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤患者的资料,并测定其Ki-67增殖指数。在ADC图上测量肿瘤实性部分的最小ADC值(the minimum ADC,ADCmin)、平均ADC值(the mean ADC,ADCmean)及对侧正常脑白质ADC值,并计算相对ADCmin(relative ADCmin,rADCmin)及相对ADCmean(relative ADCmean,rADCmean)。对比分析二者ADC值的差异,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价ADC值的鉴别诊断价值,并计算ADC值与Ki-67增殖指数之间的相关性。结果小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组的ADCmin、ADCmean、rADCmin及rADCmean值均小于非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组,组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各ADC值均能对小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤及非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤进行有效鉴别,其中rADCmean值的鉴别诊断效能最好,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.950[95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):0.907~0.994],最佳截断值为0.955,相应的敏感度和特异度分别为96.23%、83.87%,准确度为91.67%。小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组的Ki-67增殖指数大于非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。61例肺癌脑转移瘤患者的ADCmin、ADCmean、rADCmin及rADCmean值均与Ki-67增殖指数呈不同程度的负相关(r=-0.506、r=-0.480、r=-0.569、r=-0.541)。结论ADC值可以对肺癌脑转移瘤的组织学分型进行鉴别诊断,并可以预测Ki-67增殖指数的表达水平。

PI3K/AKT信号通路与乳腺病变弹性特征的相关性

目的探讨磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶(PI3K/AKT)信号通路与乳腺病变弹性特征的相关性。资料与方法前瞻性分析2021年5月—2022年5月于解放军总医院接受手术的114例患者共115个乳腺病变,术前行超声和剪切波弹性成像检查。采用免疫组化染色检测组织标本中PI3K/AKT蛋白水平的表达,分析染色结果与剪切波弹性成像最大弹性模量值、平均弹性模量值、最小弹性模量值、病变与周围组织弹性比值的相关性。结果115个乳腺病变中,手术病理显示乳腺良性病变50个,恶性病变65个(25个伴腋窝淋巴结转移)。良性病变与恶性病变不伴腋窝淋巴结转移、恶性病变伴腋窝淋巴结转移的最大弹性模量值(F=40.47)、平均弹性模量值(F=45.11)、病变与周围组织弹性比值(F=48.98)、“硬环征”检出率(χ^(2)=62.25)、PI3K/p-PI3K表达水平(F=15.19、58.95)及AKT/p-AKT表达水平(F=46.94、74.21)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PI3K/pPI3K及AKT/p-AKT表达水平与最大弹性模量值、平均弹性模量值、病变与周围组织弹性比值均呈正相关(r=0.475、0.475、0.451;r=0.533、0.540、0.542;r=0.371、0.402、0.445;r=0.482、0.455、0.545,P均<0.05)。结论乳腺病变的PI3K/AKT表达水平与弹性特征具有相关性,提示其在乳腺病变弹性特征调控中发挥重要作用。

基于能谱CT碘图的影像组学诊断甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的价值

目的:探讨基于能谱CT碘图的影像组学特征对甲状腺乳头状癌患者颈部转移性淋巴结的诊断价值。方法:收集术前两周行颈部能谱CT检查的甲状腺乳头状癌患者,共纳入117枚转移性和176枚非转移性淋巴结,按照3︰1的比例随机分为训练集和验证集。从静脉期碘图中提取并筛选淋巴结的影像组学特征。采用Logistic回归分别建立影像组学模型、常规CT图像特征模型及联合模型,并绘制列线图将联合模型可视化。各模型的诊断效能、校准能力及临床实用性分别通过ROC曲线、校准曲线及决策曲线分析评估。结果:联合模型在训练集和验证集中均表现出最佳的诊断效能,其次是影像组学模型,且两者显著优于常规CT图像特征模型。所有模型均显示出良好的校准能力,决策曲线分析表明列线图的临床实用性优于其余两种模型。结论:能谱CT的影像组学特征在诊断甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移方面表现出良好的性能,联合常规CT图像特征后诊断效能进一步提高。

基于乳腺癌超声特征及临床病理指标的列线图预测腋窝淋巴结转移风险

目的探讨基于超声特征联合临床病理指标的列线图预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移风险的价值。资料与方法回顾性分析2014年1月—2021年10月于石河子大学第一附属医院经病理证实的1038例乳腺癌患者(共1099个肿块)的超声图像及病理资料,按检查时间分为训练组和验证组。基于多因素Logistic回归筛选与腋窝淋巴结转移相关的独立预测因素,建立回归模型并制作列线图,利用验证组数据及校准曲线验证列线图。绘制受试者工作特征曲线、决策曲线评估列线图的预测效能。结果多因素Logistic分析结果显示,乳腺癌肿块最大径(OR=1.906,95%CI 1.397~2.609,P<0.001)、纵横比(OR=0.425,95%CI 0.284~0.634,P<0.001)、边界(OR=0.373,95%CI 0.267~0.520,P<0.001)、Adler血流分级(OR=3.188,95%CI 2.049~5.107,P<0.001)、病理类型(OR=2.975,95%CI 1.759~5.267,P<0.001)及人表皮生长因子受体2表达状态(OR=1.439,95%CI 1.048~1.982,P=0.025)是预测腋窝淋巴结转移的危险因素。基于以上6个指标构建列线图预测模型,其训练组和验证组一致性指数分别为0.712和0.749,校准曲线(绝对平均误差分别为0.019、0.014)及决策曲线均提示该模型预测能力较好。结论基于乳腺癌原发病灶超声特征及临床病理指标联合构建的预测腋窝淋巴结转移风险列线图模型,可为临床诊断、后期治疗及预后评估提供参考信息。

2023版子宫内膜癌FIGO分期更新对病理诊断内容的影响

子宫内膜癌是女性生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,近年来子宫内膜癌诊疗中备受关注的热点问题,如淋巴脉管间隙浸润的定量评价、前哨淋巴结超分期和子宫内膜癌分子分型等,已经逐渐用于临床实践。目前,子宫内膜癌相关的新进展已被写入2023版国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)子宫内膜癌分期修订版本,并在临床推广应用。规范的病理诊断是评估子宫内膜癌患者预后和指导辅助治疗的重要依据,介绍2023版FIGO子宫内膜癌分期更新对病理诊断内容的影响,旨在帮助提高病理医生子宫内膜癌病理诊断的规范化及标准化水平,辅助临床医生更准确地理解和应用新分期。

酰胺质子转移加权成像对宫颈癌生物学行为的评估

目的采用酰胺质子转移加权成像分析宫颈癌的病理分化程度、分型及盆腔淋巴结转移(LNM)情况,评估酰胺质子转移加权成像在宫颈癌生物学行为中的应用价值。资料与方法回顾性收集2019年5月—2022年1月大连医科大学附属第一医院经术后病理证实的87例宫颈癌,其中宫颈鳞状细胞癌(CSC)64例、宫颈腺癌(CA)23例;将含有分化程度信息的50例CSC分为低分化组36例和高/中分化组14例,含有盆腔淋巴结信息的65例患者分为LNM组14例和无LNM组51例。2名观察者采用双盲法分别测量各组酰胺质子转移(APT)值,分析2名观察者测量结果的一致性,使用受试者工作特征曲线计算APT值评估CSC病理分级、CSC和CA鉴别及预测宫颈癌盆腔LNM的诊断效能。结果低分化组CSC的APT值高于高/中分化组,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.940,P<0.05),APT值诊断CSC低分化的曲线下面积为0.770,阈值为2.33%,2名观察者测量结果的一致性很好(ICC=0.954、0.963);CSC组的APT值低于CA组,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.253,P<0.05),APT值诊断CA的曲线下面积为0.645,阈值为2.68%,2名观察者测量结果的一致性很好(ICC=0.961、0.869);LNM组的APT值高于无LNM组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.709,P<0.05),曲线下面积为0.795,阈值为2.88%,2名观察者测量结果的一致性很好(ICC=0.948、0.956)。结论酰胺质子转移加权成像能预测CSC的病理分级,区分CSC和CA,可有效预测宫颈癌盆腔LNM,对宫颈癌的生物学评估具有临床应用前景。

cN0级单侧甲状腺乳头状癌患者对侧气管旁淋巴结转移临床特征的Meta分析

目的分析临床淋巴结阴性(clinically node-negative,cN0)的单侧甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid cancer,PTC)患者发生对侧中央区淋巴结转移(contralateral central lymph node metastasis,CCLNM)临床危险因素,为预防性中央区淋巴结清扫(prophylactic central lymph node dissection,PCLND)的范围提供依据。方法检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、EMBASE、CNKI数据库中公开发表研究cN0单侧PTC患者CCLNM临床特征的相关文献,截至时间为2023年9月,采用RevMan5.4、Stata15.1软件进行数据分析。结果共纳入14篇文献,包括3532例患者。所有患者CCLNM发生率范围为3.9%~30.6%。分析结果提示:男性(OR=1.65,95%CI=1.28~2.11)、肿瘤直径≥1 cm(OR=2.88,95%CI=2.30~3.60)、年龄≤55岁(OR=2.10,95%CI=1.15~3.82)、包膜受累(OR=1.63,95%CI=1.04~2.57)、腺外侵犯(OR=1.76,95%CI=1.31~2.36)、脉管侵犯(OR=4.23,95%CI=2.25~7.98)、同侧中央区淋巴结转移(OR=10.83,95%CI=5.56~21.10)、喉前淋巴结转移(OR=4.32,95%CI=2.66~7.02)、气管前淋巴结转移(OR=6.67,95%CI=2.06~21.54)患者更容易发生CCLNM(P均<0.05)。而未发现肿瘤多灶性、桥本甲状腺炎、BRAF基因突变、MACIS≥6、超声回声、超声血流与CCLNM相关。结论男性、肿瘤直径≥1 cm、年龄≤55岁、包膜受累、腺外侵犯、脉管侵犯、同侧中央区淋巴结转移、喉前淋巴结转移、气管前淋巴结转移是发生CCLNM的重要危险因素,这些因素可作为cN0单侧PTC患者PCLND的程度指标。

Relations of proliferative activities of gastric carcinoma cells to lymphatic involvement, venous invasion and prognosis

Background This study was to evaluate bivariate bromodeoxyuridine(BrdUrd)/DNA flow cytometric analysis in detection of gastric carcinoma and to study the relations of cellular BrdUrd labeling indices (LI), G_2/M-phase fraction(G_2/MPF) and DNA ploidy pattern to lymphatic involvement, venous invasion and prognosis.Methods Fresh tumor samples from 60 patients with gastric carcinoma were analyzed by bivariate BrdUrd/DNA flow cytometry. The results were correlated with lymphatic vessel invasion, lymphatic node metastasis, the number of matastatic lymphatic nodes, and venous invasion. Propidium iodide (PI) was used as a fluorescent probe for total cellular DNA, and a monoclonal antibody against BrdUrd was used as a probe for BrdUrd incorporated into DNA. Fluorescent-labeled goat anti-mouse antibody was used as a second antibody. S-phase fractions were measured by in vitro BrdUrd labeling, and DNA ploidy and G_2/MPF were also measured. Comparison of survival was performed with the log-rank test, the Chi-square test for qualitative data, and Student’s t test for quantu data. Results BrdUrd LI and G_2/MPF values were significantly higher in tumors with lymphatic vessel invasion than in those without invasion respectively (P<0.01); the patients who had tumors with lymphatic vessel invasion showed a significantly poor prognosis (P<0.01). Both BrdUrd LI and G_2/MPF values were significantly higher in tumors with lymphatic node metastasis than in those without metastasis (P<0.01). A statistical significant difference was noted in the 5-year survival rates between the patients with lymph node metastasis and those without metastasis. Compared with diploid carcinoma, the incidence of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in aneuploid carcinoma (P<0.05), and the patients with aneuploid carcinoma showed a significantly poor prognosis (P<0.05). BrdUrd LI was significantly higher in patients with more than 5 metastatic lymph nodes than those with 1-4 metastatic lymph nodes (P<0.05) and those without metastasis (P<0.01). G_2/MPF values in those patients either with more than 5 metastatic lymph nodes or 1-4 metastatic lymph nodes were higher than those without metastasis (P<0.01 and P<0.05). A statistical significance was seen in the 5-year survival rates among the patients with no metastatic lymph node, 1-4 metastatic nodes and more than 5 metastatic nodes (P<0.01). G_2/MPF values were significantly higher in patients with venous invasion than in those without invasion (P<0.01).Conclusions Positive correlations exist between cellular BrdUrd LI, G_2/MPF with lymphatic involvement and prognosis, and DNA aneuploid with lymphatic involvement and prognosis. The same was true between G_2/MPF value and venous invasion in gastric carcinoma.

列线图模型对浸润性乳腺癌伴腋窝淋巴结转移的预测价值

目的探讨列线图模型对浸润性乳腺癌伴腋窝淋巴结转移的预测价值。资料与方法回顾性分析2020年9月—2022年3月宁夏医科大学总医院疑诊乳腺癌患者122例,根据有无腋窝淋巴结转移分为转移组57例和非转移组65例。所有病灶经手术病理证实。两组接受合成磁共振、动态对比增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)及扩散加权成像扫描,测量乳腺病灶合成磁共振参数[T1、T2、质子密度(PD)]、时间-信号强度(TIC曲线)、表观扩散系数(ADC)。比较两组参数差异,并筛选出浸润性乳腺癌伴腋窝淋巴结转移的独立风险因素。结果Logistic回归结果显示Ki-67(OR=2.971,95%CI 1.306~6.762,P=0.009)、病灶大小(OR=1.652,95%CI 1.067~2.556,P=0.024)、ADCratio(OR=1.685,95%CI 1.014~2.801,P=0.044)、T2ratio(OR=3.015,95%CI 1.433~6.340,P=0.003)、PDratio(OR=2.782,95%CI 1.471~5.262,P=0.002)是浸润性乳腺癌伴腋窝淋巴结转移的独立风险因素。5种模型比较显示逻辑回归模型效能最优,曲线下面积为0.729(95%CI 0.621~0.789),准确度、特异度、敏感度分别为70.65%、62.79%、77.55%。对列线图模型准确性进行检验,得出C-index=0.844,即本次建立的列线图模型准确性良好,其截断风险为0.468,截断分数为143.50,当总分大于143.50时,发生腋窝淋巴结转移的风险将高于46.8%。结论列线图模型对浸润性乳腺癌伴腋窝淋巴结转移具有较好的预测能力。

术前白蛋白与碱性磷酸酶比值对结直肠癌根治术后患者预后的影响

目的探讨术前白蛋白(albumin,ALB)与碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)比值(albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio,AAPR)对结直肠癌根治术后患者预后的影响。方法选取2017年5月—2019年5月行结直肠癌根治术的109例。检测患者的ALB和ALP水平,计算AAPR;根据AAPR最佳截断值分为高AAPR组(n=48)和低AAPR组(n=61);采用多因素Cox回归分析影响结直肠癌根治术后患者预后的危险因素。结果术前AAPR预测结直肠癌根治术后患者预后的曲线下面积为0.879,95%CI为(0787,0971),最佳截断值为053,特异度为8106%,敏感度为8325%。低AAPR组1、2、3年生存率低于高AAPR组(P<005,P<001)。TNM分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、有淋巴结转移、AAPR≤053是结直肠癌根治术后患者预后的危险因素(P<001)。结论术前AAPR对结直肠癌根治术后患者预后具有一定的评估价值,且AAPR降低是结直肠癌根治术后患者预后不良的独立危险因素。

Molecular targets and mechanisms of different aberrant alternative splicing in metastatic liver cancer

Metastasis remains a major challenge in the successful management of malignant diseases.The liver is a major site of metastatic disease and a leading cause of death from gastrointestinal malignancies such as colon,stomach,and pancreatic cancers,as well as melanoma,breast cancer,and sarcoma.As an important factor that influences the development of metastatic liver cancer,alternative splicing drives the diversity of RNA transcripts and protein subtypes,which may provide potential to broaden the target space.In particular,the dysfunction of splicing factors and abnormal expression of splicing variants are associated with the occurrence,progression,aggressiveness,and drug resistance of cancers caused by the selective splicing of specific genes.This review is the first to provide a detailed summary of the normal splicing process and alterations that occur during metastatic liver cancer.It will cover the role of alternative splicing in the mechanisms of metastatic liver cancer by examining splicing factor changes,abnormal splicing,and the contribution of hypoxia to these changes during metastasis.

多层螺旋CT在宫颈癌FIGO分期及盆腔淋巴结转移诊断中的应用研究

目的:分析多层螺旋CT在宫颈癌FIGO分期及盆腔淋巴结转移诊断中的应用价值。方法:选择2019年12月—2022年12月收治的136例宫颈癌患者作为研究对象,采用64排CT仪进行扫描检查;以手术病理结果作为金标准,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线对CT扫描评估宫颈癌FIGO分期及盆腔淋巴结转移的诊断价值,依照ROC曲线下面积(AUC)对诊断结果进行评估。结果:利用CT扫描检查诊断评估FIGO分期时Ⅰ~Ⅱ期60例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ期76例,利用CT扫描检查诊断评估盆腔淋巴结转移时未转移69例,转移67例;利用CT扫描方法诊断评估FIGO分期及盆腔淋巴结转移的敏感度、特异度及准确率均高于90%;CT扫描方法诊断评估FIGO分期的AUC为0.951,高于0.9,具有较高的临床诊断价值;CT扫描方法诊断评估盆腔淋巴结转移的AUC为0.933,高于0.9,具有较高的临床诊断价值。结论:多层螺旋CT在宫颈癌诊断和评估FIGO分期及盆腔淋巴结转移时AUC均>0.9,具有较高的应用价值。

定量测量前列腺周围脂肪组织对预测前列腺癌骨转移的临床价值

目的:建立新发前列腺癌患者骨转移风险列线图预测模型,探讨前列腺周围脂肪组织(PPAT)与前列腺癌骨转移的关系。方法:纳入160例患者(骨转移组、非骨转移组各80例),在MRI图像上定量测量耻骨联合层面腹部皮下脂肪厚度(NFSP)、耻骨联合至椎体前缘的最短直线距离(FNPF)、耻骨联合层面后背部皮下脂肪厚度(BSF)、耻骨联合至前皮下最大距离(PSSF)、耻骨联合至前列腺的最大垂直距离(MDSP)、耻骨联合上缘切线至椎体前缘的距离(PSPF)、前列腺面积(PA)、前列腺周围脂肪面积(PPFA),分析其与前列腺癌骨转移的相关性,筛选特征属性。采用分层随机抽样的方法将160例患者按照7∶3的比例分为训练集和测试集,建立脂肪定量测量回归预测模型,并测试集进行验证。结果:MDSP、PSPF、FNPF、PPFA/PA是前列腺癌骨转移的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。测试MDSP、PSPF、FNPF、PPFA/PA及包含上述4种特征的联合模型的诊断效能,在训练集AUC分别为0.90、0.78、0.72、0.80、0.92,在测试集AUC为0.87、0.86、0.68、0.79、0.98。结论:基于脂肪定量测量的列线图可很好地预测前列腺癌患者的骨转移风险。