Survival prognostic analysis of laparoscopic D2 radical resection for locally advanced gastric cancer: A multicenter cohort study

BACKGROUND With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques,the use of laparoscopic D2 radical surgery for the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer(GC)has gradually increased.However,the effect of this procedure on survival and prognosis remains controversial.This study evaluated the survival and prognosis of patients receiving laparoscopic D2 radical resection for the treatment of locally advanced GC to provide more reliable clinical evidence,guide clinical decision-making,optimize treatment strategies,and improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed.Clinicopathological data from 652 patients with locally advanced GC in our hospitals from December 2013 to December 2023 were collected.There were 442 males and 210 females.The mean age was 57±12 years.All patients underwent a laparoscopic D2 radical operation for distal GC.The patients were followed up in the outpatient department and by telephone to determine their tumor recurrence,metastasis,and survival.The follow-up period ended in December 2023.Normally distributed data are expressed as the mean±SD,and normally distributed data are expressed as M(Q1,Q3)or M(range).Statistical data are expressed as absolute numbers or percentages;theχ^(2) test was used for comparisons between groups,and the Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used for comparisons of rank data.The life table method was used to calculate the survival rate,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to construct survival curves,the log rank test was used for survival analysis,and the Cox risk regression model was used for univariate and multifactor analysis.RESULTS The median overall survival(OS)time for the 652 patients was 81 months,with a 10-year OS rate of 46.1%.Patients with TNM stages II and III had 10-year OS rates of 59.6%and 37.5%,respectively,which were significantly different(P<0.05).Univariate analysis indicated that factors such as age,maximum tumor diameter,tumor diffe-rentiation grade(low to undifferentiated),pathological TNM stage,pathological T stage,pathological N stage(N2,N3),and postoperative chemotherapy significantly influenced the 10-year OS rate for patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal stomach cancer[hazard ratio(HR):1.45,1.64,1.45,1.64,1.37,2.05,1.30,1.68,3.08,and 0.56 with confidence intervals(CIs)of 1.15-1.84,1.32-2.03,1.05-1.77,1.62-2.59,1.05-1.61,1.17-2.42,2.15-4.41,and 0.44-0.70,respectively;P<0.05].Multifactor analysis revealed that a tumor diameter greater than 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in these patients(HR:1.48,1.44,1.81 with a 95%CI:1.19-1.84).Additionally,postoperative chemotherapy emerged as an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate(HR:0.57,95%CI:0.45-0.73;P<0.05).CONCLUSION A maximum tumor diameter exceeding 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were identified as independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal GC.Conversely,postoperative chemotherapy was found to be an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate in these patients.

Study on the causes of local recurrence of rectal cancer after curative resection: analysis of 213 cases

AIM To study the local recurrent rate and the causes of rectal cancer after surgery. METHODS The clinicopathological data of 213 rectal cancer patients and the follow up information were analyzed. The overall recurrent rate and the recurrent rates from different surgical appreaches were calculated. The main causes of recurrence were investigated. RESULTS Among the 213 cases, 73 (34 27%) had local recurrence. The recurrent time ranged from 3 months to 62 months after the first operation. Most of the recurrence ( 65/73 , 89 04%) occurred within 3 years after operation. CONCLUSION Local recurrence had no significant correlation with surgical methods or pathological types, but closely related to Dukes′ stages, location of primary tumors and the length of the distal rectum resected. Early resection and a wide tumor free resection margin are key factors to prevent local recurrence.

Patterns of local recurrence in rectal cancer after a multidisciplinary approach

Improvements in surgery and the application of combined approaches to fight rectal cancer have succeeded in reducing the local recurrence (LR) rate and when there is LR it tends to appear later and less often in isolation. Moreover, a subtle change in the distribution of LRs with respect to the pelvis has been observed. In general terms, prior to total mesorectal excision the most common LRs were central types (perianastomotic and anterior) while lateral and posterior forms (presa-cral) have become more common since the growth in the use of combined treatments. No differences have been reported in the current pattern of LRs as a function of the type of approach used, that is, neo-adjuvant therapies (short-term or long-course radiotherapy, orchemoradiotherapy versus extended lymphadenectomy, though there is a trend towards posterior or presacral LR in patients in the Western world and lateral LR in Asia. Nevertheless, both may arise from the same mechanism. Moreover, as well as the mode of treatment, the type of LR is related to the height of the initial tumor. Nowadays most LRs are related to the advanced nature of the disease. Involvement of the circumferential radial margin and spillage of residual tumor cells from lymphatic leakage in the pelvic side wall are two plausible mechanisms for the genesis of LR. The patterns of pelvic recurrence itself (pelvic subsites) also have important implications for prognosis and are related to the potential success of salvage curative approach. The re-operability for cure and prognosis are generally better for anastomotic and anterior types than for presacral and lateral recurrences. Overall survival after LR diagnosis is lower with radio or chemoradiotherapy plus optimal surgery approaches, compared to optimal surgery alone.

Neoadjuvant vs adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: Which is superior?

The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer including timing and dosage of radiotherapy, degree of sphincter preservation with neoadjuvant radiotherapy, and short and long term effects of radiotherapy are controversial topics. The MEDLINE, Cochrane Library databases, and meeting proceedings from the American Society of Clinical Oncology, were searched for reports of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses comparing neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy with surgery to surgery alone for rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy shows superior results in terms of local control compared to adjuvant radiotherapy. Neither adjuvant or neoadjuvant radiotherapy impacts overall survival. Short course versus long course neoadjuvant radiotherapy remains controversial. There is insufficient data to conclude that neoadjuvant therapy improves rates of sphincter preserving surgery. Radiation significantly impacts anorectal and sexual function and includes both acute and long term toxicity. Data demonstrate that neoadjuvant radiation causes less toxicity compared to adjuvant radiotherapy, and specifically short course neoadjuvant radiation results in less toxicity than long course neoadjuvant radiation. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy is the preferred modality for administering radiation in locally advanced rectal cancer. There are significant side effects from radiation, including anorectal and sexual dysfunction, which may be less with short course neoadjuvant radiation.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONFORMAL RADIATION THERAPY FOR LOCALLY RECURRENT NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3-D CRT) for locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: From April 1998 to March 2000, 34 patients who had undergone previous external beam radiation therapy were retreated with 3-D CRT for locally recurrent NPC (33 poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, 1 adenoma). The patients were re-staged according to Huaqing staging system with the following distribution: T1N0M0 in 5 cases, T2N0M0 in 11 cases, T3N0M0 in 12 cases, T4N0M0 in 6 cases. The maximal dimension of the gross tumor volume (GTV) ranged from 1.0 cm to 5.0 cm (median: 2.9 cm). CT simulation and 3-D planning were used to ensure full and conformal coverage of the planning target volume (PTV) by treated volume, while minimizing the absorbed dose of the adjacent normal tissue. 5–7 static conformal coplanar or noncoplanar portals were delivered for each fraction irradiation. The total dose delivered ranged from 65–70 Gy, with 2.5 Gy per fractionation, one fractionation per day, 5 days a week. Median follow-up time from 3-D CRT was 25 months (range: 12–36 months). Results: Over the follow-up period, local recurrence was observed in 3 patients, regional failure in 3, distant metastasis in 3, and six patients died; 88.2% (30/34) of the patient maintained local control, 82.4% (28/34) survived, and 76.5% (26/34) survived with no evidence of tumor. Acute complications were minor and few. The overall incidence of late complication was 20.6% (7/34), and severe complication was 14.7% (5/34), after re-irradiation with 3-D CRT. Conclusion: 3-D CRT is safety and effectiveness for most of the patients with locally recurrent NPC. Our preliminary results indicate a high local control rate and a low complication rate. The long-term curative effect and sequelae await further study.

Spatial autocorrelation analysis of 13 leading malignant neoplasms in Taiwan: a comparison between the 1995-1998 and 2005-2008 periods

Spatial autocorrelation methodologies, including Global Moran’s I and Local Indicators of Spatial Association statistic (LISA), were used to describe and map spatial clusters of 13 leading malignant neoplasms in Taiwan. A logistic regression fit model was also used to identify similar characteristics over time. Two time periods (1995-1998 and 2005-2008) were compared in an attempt to formulate common spatio-temporal risks. Spatial cluster patterns were identified using local spatial autocorrelation analysis. We found a significant spatio-temporal variation between the leading malignant neoplasms and well-documented spatial risk factors. For instance, in Taiwan, cancer of the oral cavity in males was found to be clustered in locations in central Taiwan, with distinct differences between the two time periods. Stomach cancer morbidity clustered in aboriginal townships, where the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is high and even quite marked differences between the two time periods were found. A method which combines LISA statistics and logistic regression is an effective tool for the detection of space-time patterns with discontinuous data. Spatio-temporal mapping comparison helps to clarify issues such as the spatial aspects of both two time periods for leading malignant neoplasms. This helps planners to assess spatio-temporal risk factors, and to ascertain what would be the most advantageous types of health care policies for the planning and implementation of health care services. These issues can greatly affect the performance and effectiveness of health care services and also provide a clear outline for helping us to better understand the results in depth.

Impact of technology on indications and limitations for transanal surgical removal of rectal neoplasms

Transanal surgery has and continues to be well accepted for local excision of benign rectal disease not amenable to endoscopic resection. More recently, there has been increasing interest in applying transanal surgery to local resection of early malignant disease. In addition, some groups have started utilizing a transanal route in order to accomplish total mesorectal excision(TME) for more advanced rectal malignancies. We aim to review the role of various transanal and endoscopic techniquesin the local resection of benign and malignant rectal disease based on published trial data. Preliminary data on the use of transanal platforms to accomplish TME will also be highlighted. For endoscopically unresectable rectal adenomas, transanal surgery remains a widely accepted method with minimal morbidity that avoids the downsides of a major abdomino-pelvic operation. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery and transanal minimally invasive surgery offer improved visualization and magnification, allowing for finer and more precise dissection of more proximal and larger rectal lesions without compromising patient outcome. Some studies have demonstrated efficacy in utilizing transanal platforms in the surgical management of early rectal malignancies in selected patients. There is an overall higher recurrence rate with transanal surgery with the concern that neither chemoradiation nor salvage surgery may compensate for previous approach and correct the inferior outcome. Application of transanal platforms to accomplish transanal TME in a natural orifice fashion are still in their infancy and currently should be considered experimental. The current data demonstrate that transanal surgery remains an excellent option in the surgical management of benign rectal disease. However, care should be used when selecting patients with malignant disease. The application of transanal platforms continues to evolve. While the new uses of transanal platforms in TME for more advanced rectal malignancy are exciting, it is important to remain cognizant and not sacrifice long term survival for short term decrease in morbidity and improved cosmesis.

基于MRI影像组学构建PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂治疗dMMR/MSI-H直肠癌疗效的预测模型

目的:探讨MRI影像组学模型在程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1(PD-1)/程序性细胞死亡-配体1(PD-L1)抑制剂联合全程新辅助治疗(TNT)局部进展期直肠癌(LARC)的疗效预测价值。方法:收集河南中医药大学第一附属医院PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合TNT治疗的80例错配修复基因缺陷(dMMR)/微卫星高度不稳定(MSI-H)基因型中低位LARC患者的临床和影像资料。将入组患者按7∶3比例分为训练集和测试集,提取影像组学特征,从中筛选并构建影像组学模型。描绘影像组学模型的Rad-score与病理金标准之间的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),并评价模型的诊断效能。采用决策曲线分析(DCA)计算风险阈值的范围,并评估临床获益情况。收集湖南省人民医院25例dMMR/MSI-H基因型LARC患者的影像资料作为外部验证集。结果:训练集、测试集及外部验证集三者之间的临床特征无统计学差异(P>0.05)。经过降维处理、t检验及一致性检验以及LASSO交叉验证后,筛选出一阶偏度特征和体积2个特征构建影像组学模型。训练集、测试集和外部验证集的影像组学预测模型ROC曲线的AUC、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为0.920、97.1%、85.7%、91.9%、94.7%;0.885、80.0%、88.9%、92.3%、72.7%;0.875、87.5%、88.9%、93.3%、80.0%。DCA曲线显示,当风险阈值范围为0%~82%时,采用影像组学模型预测LARC患者为病理完全缓解(pCR)的获益大于将所有患者都视为pCR或者无病理完全缓解(npCR)。结论:基于MRI影像组学构建的dMMR/MSI-H型局部进展期直肠癌PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂联合全程新辅助放化疗疗效预测模型,有较大潜力为不同基因分型的直肠癌患者制定个体化治疗策略提供量化依据。

胰腺导管腺癌行腹腔镜下胰十二指肠切除术后早期复发的列线图模型及其预测价值分析

目的探究胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC)患者行腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术(LPD)后肿瘤早期复发的危险因素并建立预测模型。方法回顾性分析2016年4月—2022年7月于吉林大学第一医院行LPD的240例PDAC患者的临床资料,以术后肿瘤早期复发(复发时间≤12个月)为研究结局。按照7∶3比例,随机将患者分为训练组(n=168)与验证组(n=72)。训练组术后早期复发70例(41.67%),非早期复发98例(58.33%)。验证组术后早期复发32例(44.44%),非早期复发40例(55.56%)。计数资料组间比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher精确概率法。Logistic回归分析影响术后早期复发的危险因素。采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)评估模型的区分度,AUC>0.75为该模型有足够的区分度。用Bootstrap重采样法随机抽样1000次验证,并用验证组再次验证。使用校准曲线和Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验评估校准度,决策曲线评估临床实用性。结果单因素、多因素分析结果显示:术前CA19-9水平≥37 U/mL、肿瘤最大直径>3 cm、肿瘤低分化、有淋巴结转移、术后未行辅助化疗是影响PDAC行LPD术后早期复发的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)分别为6.265(1.938~20.249)、10.878(4.090~28.932)、3.679(1.435~9.433)、0.209(0.080~0.551)、0.167(0.058~0.480),P值均<0.05]。以此为基础构建列线图模型,AUC=0.895(95%CI:0.846~0.943,P<0.001),校准曲线Hosmer-Lemeshow检验表明模型具有良好的校准度(P=0.173)。决策曲线显示列线图具有良好的临床应用价值。结论术前CA19-9水平≥37 U/mL、肿瘤最大直径>3 cm、肿瘤低分化、有淋巴结转移、术后未行辅助化疗是影响PDAC LPD术后早期复发的独立危险因素,以此为依据构建列线图模型可有效预测术后早期复发。

MRI鉴别舌癌重建术后皮瓣与肿瘤复发

目的观察MRI鉴别舌癌重建术后皮瓣与肿瘤复发的价值。方法回顾性纳入139例舌癌皮瓣重建术后患者,对比观察皮瓣与复发灶术后平扫及增强MRI表现。结果术后随访期间,局部皮瓣于T1WI始终以等信号为主,于T2WI则5个月内以高信号、之后以等信号为主;游离皮瓣持续呈T1WI、T2WI混杂高信号,内可见条状、片状肌肉信号;复发灶持续呈稍不均匀T1WI等信号、T2WI高信号。皮瓣强化程度均逐渐减弱,复发灶则持续重度强化。皮瓣边界于术后5个月内以不清为主、≥13且<74个月则以清楚为主,且体积有逐渐变小趋势,而复发灶边界持续不清。5个月内下颌舌骨肌及舌骨舌肌均以肿胀为主,之后均萎缩。术后5个月后术区见血肿、囊腔形成。复发灶位于皮瓣与残余舌组织交界处后下方,同侧或对侧下颌舌骨肌及舌骨舌肌边缘可见毛刺,可伴颈部淋巴结及远处转移。结论MRI有助于鉴别舌癌重建术后皮瓣与肿瘤复发。

术前CT影像组学联合CT及病理特征预测局部进展期食管鳞癌术后早期复发

目的观察术前CT影像组学联合病理及CT特征预测局部进展期食管鳞癌(LAESCC)早期复发(ER)的价值。方法回顾性分析334例LAESCC,按7∶3比例将患者分为训练集(n=234)或验证集(n=100),对其进行随访,记录术后有无ER(即术后12个月内肿瘤复发)。采用单因素及多因素logistic回归比较训练集有、无ER患者临床、CT表现及术前病理资料,筛选ER独立危险因素,构建CT-术前病理模型。基于训练集静脉期CT图像提取及筛选LAESCC影像组学特征并建立影像组学模型,以之联合独立危险因素建立联合模型。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算曲线下面积(AUC),评估各模型诊断效能。结果334例中,168例ER、166例无ER;训练集有、无ER均为117例、验证集51例ER、49例无ER。CT显示LAESCC长度、cT分期、cN分期及术前病理分化程度均为ER独立危险因素(P均<0.05);CT-术前病理模型在训练集和验证集的AUC分别为0.759和0.783。共选出10个最佳影像组学特征,以之建立的影像组学模型在训练集和验证集的AUC分别为0.770和0.730,联合模型在训练集和验证集的AUC分别为0.838和0.826。联合模型在训练集的AUC高于术前CT-病理模型及影像组学模型(P均<0.01)。结论CT影像组学联合CT及术前病理特征能有效预测LAESCC术后ER。

肝细胞癌复发进程中DNA修复调节的蛋白质组学分析及验证

目的分析肝细胞癌(HCC)复发进程中DNA修复调节的作用及机制。方法串联质量标签(TMT)标记的定量蛋白质组学方法分析HCC 2年内复发和5年预后良好的肝癌组织样本,分析富集在DNA复制、错配修复、碱基切除修复、核苷酸切除修复4条通路的蛋白表达差异,分析在HCC复发进程中起主要作用的调控通路及靶点,预测可能的调控机制。计量资料2组间比较采用成组t检验;多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果真核生物复制复合体通路MCM2(P=0.018)、MCM3(P=0.047)、MCM4(P=0.014)、MCM5(P=0.008)、MCM6(P=0.006)、MCM7(P=0.007)、PCNA(P=0.019)、RFC4(P=0.002)、RFC5(P<0.001)、LIG1(P=0.042)蛋白表达均显著降低;核苷酸切除修复通路中PCNA(P=0.019)、RFC4(P=0.002)、RFC5(P<0.001)、LIG1(P=0.042)共4个蛋白表达水平均显著减少;碱基切除修复通路PCNA(P=0.019)和LIG1(P=0.042)在HCC复发组中均显著降低;错配修复富集通路中MSH2(P=0.026)、MSH6(P=0.006)、RFC4(P=0.002)、RFC5(P<0.001)、PCNA(P=0.019)、LIG1(P=0.042)共6个蛋白在肝癌复发组织中均显著减少。差异蛋白涉及MCM复合体、DNA聚合酶复合体ε、连接酶LIG1、长补丁碱基剪切修复复合体(long patch BER)、DNA错配修复蛋白复合体的重要组分。对DNA修复调节的重要差异蛋白进行临床样本验证分析,结果表明复发组中除MCM6表现出下降趋势外,MCM5(P=0.008)、MCM7(P=0.007)、RCF4(P=0.002)、RCF5(P<0.001)和MSH6(P=0.006)蛋白相对表达量均显著降低。结论HCC复发过程中,DNA修复进程中多个复合体蛋白组分存在显著减少或缺失。

食管癌术后局限性颈部/上纵隔淋巴结转移再手术效果探讨

目的探讨食管癌术后颈部或上纵隔淋巴结转移再手术的治疗效果。方法前瞻性收集2019年1月至2022年9月在安阳市肿瘤医院胸外科复查的食管癌术后患者,发现颈部或上纵隔淋巴结转移,CT显示无外侵,可以手术切除的患者,共31例。根据患者的意愿分为观察组和对照组。观察组16例选择再手术治疗,术后辅助或不辅助放化疗;对照组15例选择单纯放化疗。对比两组的基线资料、随访生存情况,主要研究终点为局部复发和区域复发。结果两组患者的基线数据比较无明显差异,观察组出现2例颈部淋巴瘘,2例喉返神经损伤,1个月后声音嘶哑均恢复正常。手术时间平均为43 min,术后平均住院时间5.8 d,平均住院花费15042元。观察组1 a生存率100%,局部控制率为80%。对照组无治疗后并发症,1 a生存率93.3%,局部控制率为46.7%,相对危险度(relative risk,RR)为0.5,归因危险度(attributable risk,AR)为0.46,对照组平均住院时间为45 d,平均住院花费为42352元。两组比较显示:观察组1 a局部控制率显著优于对照组,以局部复发为研究终点,绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,观察组显著优于对照组(P=0.048)。结论对于食管癌术后局限性颈部/上纵隔淋巴结转移的患者,再手术治疗安全、创伤小、花费低、局部控制率高。

不同剂量艾司氯胺酮对宫颈癌根治术患者视神经鞘直径的影响

目的探讨不同剂量艾司氯胺酮对宫颈癌根治术患者视神经鞘直径(ONSD)的影响。方法前瞻性选取2020年1月至2022年12月在同济大学附属妇产科医院行宫颈癌根治术的女性患者120例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为小、中、高剂量艾司氯胺酮组3组,每组40例。对3组患者麻醉平稳调整体位后,分别静脉输注0.125、0.2和0.3 mg/kg的艾司氯胺酮至手术结束。用便携式彩超测量3组患者麻醉诱导前即刻(T_(1)),麻醉诱导后10 min(T_(2))、60 min(T_(3))、120 min(T_(4)),手术结束平卧位10 min(T_(5))时双眼ONSD值;以血压计、近红外光谱血氧仪监测3组患者不同时间点平均动脉压(MAP)、局部脑氧饱和度(rSO_(2));疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)观察3组患者不同时间点镇痛效果;比较3组患者手术结束时血清白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量;记录3组患者麻醉相关不良反应率。结果3组患者T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)时ONSD值均大于T_(1)时,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),T_(5)时ONSD值与T_(1)时比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组不同时间点ONSD水平组间两两比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组患者组间MAP、rSO_(2)两两比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组患者不同时间点VAS评分组间及时间存在交互作用(P<0.05),3组患者术后2、4、12 h的VAS评分均小于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而术后24 h的VAS评分与术前比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后4 h,高剂量艾司氯胺酮组VAS评分最低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。从低到中、高剂量艾司氯胺酮组,患者的血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平依次降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低、中、高剂量艾司氯胺酮3组患者的不良反应发生率分别为5.0%、7.5%、12.5%,各组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论0.125、0.2、0.3 mg/kg的艾司氯胺酮可调控宫颈癌根治术患者的ONSD值,减轻炎症反应,增强镇痛效果,维持血流动力学稳定。上述作用随艾司氯胺酮的剂量增大而增加,可为术中颅内压的管理实践提供参考。

膀胱癌组织微RNA-212、微RNA-137、微RNA-200表达与临床病理特征的相关性及预测经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除术后复发的效能研究

目的 探讨膀胱癌组织微RNA-212(miRNA-212)、微RNA-137(miRNA-137)、微RNA-200(miRNA-200)表达与临床病理特征的相关性及预测经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除(TURBT)术后复发的效能。方法 选取2017年6月至2021年6月河北燕达医院100例膀胱癌病人,比较癌组织和癌旁组织及不同病理特征病人miRNA-212、miRNA-137、miRNA-200表达,并根据术后复发情况分为复发组、未复发组。比较两组miRNA-212、miRNA-137、miRNA-200表达,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析miRNA-212、miRNA-137、miRNA-200预测复发的价值,比较不同miRNA-212、miRNA-137、miRNA-200表达水平病人复发率。结果 癌组织miRNA-212为2.03±0.56低于癌旁组织4.52±1.18(P<0.05),癌组织miRNA-137、miRNA-200表达分别为2.69±0.45、24.56±7.39,高于癌旁组织的1.28±0.30、7.33±2.21(P<0.05);随着组织学分级、TNM分期递增,miRNA-212表达逐渐降低,miRNA-137、miRNA-200表达逐渐升高(P<0.05);肌层浸润性膀胱癌病人miRNA-212低于非肌层浸润性膀胱癌,miRNA-137、miRNA-200高于非肌层浸润性膀胱癌(P<0.05);复发组miRNA-212(1.73±0.39)低于未复发组(2.28±0.44)(P<0.05),复发组miRNA-137、miRNA-200分别为3.06±0.72、37.96±12.18,高于未复发组2.35±0.40、22.86±7.50(P<0.05);miRNA-212高水平病人复发率低于低水平病人,miRNA-137、miRNA-200高水平病人复发率高于低水平病人(P<0.05)。结论 膀胱癌组织miRNA-212、miRNA-137、miRNA-200表达与临床病理特征相关,联合检测对TURBT后复发具有良好的预测能力,可作为预测术后复发的一种方案。

血清HBV-LP联合PRKRA对HBV相关原发性肝癌术后复发风险的预测价值

目的 分析血清乙型肝炎病毒大蛋白(HBV-LP)和干扰素诱导型双链RNA依赖性蛋白激酶激活剂A(PRKRA)水平对乙型肝炎病毒相关原发性肝癌(HBV-PLC)术后复发风险评估的价值。方法 收集确诊为HBV-PLC病人105例,根据术后是否复发分为未复发组(38例)和复发组(67例)。比较两组病人临床基线资料、生化指标结果和病理资料;采用ELISA法检测病人血清HBV-LP和PRKRA水平;采用Pearson相关性分析血清HBV-LP和PRKRA的关系,Cox回归模型分析HBV-PLC术后复发的危险因素;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析HBV-LP联合PRKRA检测对HBV-PLC术后复发风险的预测价值。结果 两组病人性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒量、血清生化指标和肝硬化等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组甲胎蛋白(AFP)<25μg/L、肿瘤大小、肿瘤包膜、肝转移、血管侵袭和肿瘤分化程度差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.217~10.849,P<0.05)。与未复发组比较,复发组病人血清HBV-LP和PRKRA水平明显升高(t=6.501、3.615,P<0.01)。HBV-PLC病人血清HBV-LP与PRKRA水平呈正相关(r=0.839,P<0.01)。肿瘤直径(2~5 cm)、肿瘤包膜、肿瘤低分化、血清HBV-LP和PRKRA是HBV-PLC术后复发的危险因素(HR=1.083~6.938,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清HBV-LP和PRKRA水平及二者联合对HBV-PLC病人术后复发有预测价值,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.796、0.685、0.822。结论 血清HBV-LP和PRKRA水平升高是HBV-PLC病人术后复发的独立危险因素,二者联合检测对HBV-PLC病人术后复发具有良好的预测价值。

术前血液学炎症指标对基底细胞癌复发风险的预测价值

目的探讨术前血液炎症指标对基底细胞癌(BCC)患者复发风险的预测价值。方法将225例BCC患者分为高危复发风险组(高危组)155例和低危复发风险组(低危组)70例,收集患者一般资料和术前血液学指标,计算中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值(LMR)、全身炎症标志物(SIM)以及血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析2组间差异有统计学意义的血液学指标对BCC患者复发的预测价值并确定最佳截断值。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析BCC患者复发的影响因素。建立多因素Logistic回归模型作为BCC复发风险预测模型,使用曲线下面积(AUC)与Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评价模型的预测效能与拟合度。结果ROC曲线分析确定LMR和SIM的最佳截断值为5.12和0.86。单因素Logistic回归分析显示LMR、SIM、肿瘤原发部位溃疡、紫外线暴露、肿瘤最大直径是BCC患者复发的影响因素。多因素Logistic回归表明,SIM≥0.86、肿瘤最大直径≥2.0 cm和紫外线暴露是BCC复发风险的危险因素,而LMR≥5.12则具有保护作用。BCC患者复发风险的Logistic预测模型为Logit(P)=-1.598-1.517×LMR+1.323×SIM+2.406×紫外线暴露+3.465×肿瘤最大直径,预测模型的拟合度较好(P=0.725),预测模型预测BCC患者复发风险的AUC为0.869(95%CI:0.822~0.917)。结论术前监测LMR和SIM水平能够辅助评估BCC患者的复发风险,为临床决策提供重要参考。

食管癌同期放化疗后局部失败相关因素分析

背景和目的:目前同期放化疗是不能手术食管癌的标准治疗方法,局部未控和复发仍是治疗失败的主要原因。本文主要总结我科收治的食管癌同期放化疗后局部未控和复发情况,分析影响局部未控和复发的相关因素。方法:对132例食管癌患者行同期放化疗。第一周期化疗与放射治疗同时开始,第二周期化疗在放疗剂量达40Gy时给予。以二项分类logistic回归分析影响局部未控和复发的因素。结果:至随访截止时间,全组患者射野内未控和复发54例,射野内未控和复发并淋巴结或其他器官转移20例,射野外复发5例。logistic回归分析显示与局部未控和复发相关的因素为近期疗效和放疗剂量。放疗后病灶完全缓解和部分缓解者,局部未控和复发率分别为44.9%和79.6%(P<0.001),平均复发时间分别为12.9个月和6.1个月(P=0.002)。放疗剂量为50～60Gy、60.1～69.9Gy、≥70Gy时,局部未控和复发率分别为69%、61%、52%(P=0.027),平均局部失败时间分别为5.3个月、9.1个月、10.3个月(P=0.038)。结论:影响局部未控和复发的因素为近期疗效和放疗剂量。

结直肠癌根治术后复发转移患者的预后因素分析

目的探讨影响结直肠癌根治术后复发转移患者生存时间的临床病理因素,为治疗方案的选择提供更多理论依据。方法收集2002年1月1日-2007年12月31日收治的住院与随访资料完整的132例结直肠癌根治术后复发转移患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其临床病理因素与生存时间的关系。结果单因素分析结果显示,单发转移者生存率高于多发转移者,直肠癌复发转移者生存率高于结肠癌复发转移者,再次手术治疗者生存率高于采用非手术治疗者。Cox回归模型多因素分析表明,复发转移后的治疗方式、复发转移部位的数目、原发肿瘤的侵袭深度、淋巴结转移等与患者的生存时间相关,其中复发转移后的治疗方式是最重要的影响因素。结论结直肠癌根治术后复发转移者以直肠癌居多,但其预后优于结肠癌复发转移者;复发转移后再次手术治疗有助于改善预后。

卡培他滨维持治疗对联合化疗有效的复发转移三阴乳腺癌的临床观察

目的评价卡培他滨维持治疗对联合化疗有效的复发转移三阴乳腺癌的疗效和安全性。方法选择浸润性乳腺癌激素受体雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)及人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)均为阴性,病灶为不可切除的局部晚期或已经转移的女性患者46例,分为治疗组(n=23)和对照组(n=23),治疗组行联合方案化疗6个疗程有效后口服卡培他滨维持治疗,对照组单纯行联合方案化疗6个疗程,比较两组疗效和不良反应。结果治疗组的部分缓解(PR)、病情进展(PD)、临床有效率(RR)及疾病控制率(DCR)率明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组比较,除了治疗组出现手足综合征之外,其他不良反应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论卡培他滨维持治疗对联合化疗有效的复发转移三阴乳腺癌效果好,可提高晚期乳腺癌的有效率、DCR,近期疗效。