Pancreas sparing duodenectomy in the treatment of primary duodenal neoplasms and other situations with duodenal involvement

Background:There are no clearly defined indications for pancreas-preserving duodenectomy.The present study aimed to analyze postoperative morbidity and the outcomes of patients undergoing pancreaspreserving duodenectomy.Methods:Patients undergoing pancreas-preserving duodenectomy from April 2008 to May 2020 were included.We divided the series according to indication:scenario 1,primary duodenal tumors;scenario 2,tumors of another origin with duodenal involvement;and scenario 3,emergency duodenectomy.Results:We included 35 patients.Total duodenectomy was performed in 1 patient of adenomatous duodenal polyposis,limited duodenectomy in 7,and third+fourth duodenal portion resection in 27.The indications for scenario 1 were gastrointestinal stromal tumor(n=13),adenocarcinoma(n=4),neuroendocrine tumor(n=3),duodenal adenoma(n=1),and adenomatous duodenal polyposis(n=1);scenario 2:retroperitoneal desmoid tumor(n=2),recurrence of liposarcoma(n=2),retroperitoneal paraganglioma(n=1),neuroendocrine tumor in pancreatic uncinate process(n=1),and duodenal infiltration due to metastatic adenopathies of a germinal tumor with digestive hemorrhage(n=1);and scenario 3:aortoenteric fistula(n=3),duodenal trauma(n=1),erosive duodenitis(n=1),and biliopancreatic limb ischemia(n=1).Severe complications(Clavien-Dindo≥IIIb)developed in 14%(5/35),and postoperative mortality was 3%(1/35).Conclusions:Pancreas-preserving duodenectomy is useful in the management of primary duodenal tumors,and is a technical option for some tumors with duodenal infiltration or in emergency interventions.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy for duodenal papilla carcinoma: A single-centre 9-year retrospective study of 112 patients with long-term follow-up

AIM To retrospectively evaluate the factors that influence long-term outcomes of duodenal papilla carcinoma (DPC) after standard pancreaticoduodenectomy (SPD). METHODS This is a single-centre, retrospective study including 112 DPC patients who had a SPD between 2006 and 2015. Associations between serum levels of CA19-9 and CEA and various clinical characteristics of 112 patients with DPC were evaluated by the. 2 test and Fisher's exact test. The patients were followed-up every 3 mo in the first two years and at least every 6 mo afterwards, with a median follow-up of 60 mo (ranging from 4 mo to 168 mo). Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards model analysis. The difference in survival curves was evaluated with a log-rank test. RESULTS In 112 patients undergoing SPD, serum levels of CA19-9 was associated with serum levels of CEA and drainage mode (the P values were 0.000 and 0.033, respectively); While serum levels of CEA was associated with serum levels of CA19-9 and differentiation of the tumour (the P values were 0.000 and 0.033, respectively). The serum levels of CA19-9 and CEA were closely correlated (chi(2) = 13.277, r = 0.344, P = 0.000). The overall 5-year survival was 50.00% for 112 patients undergoing SPD. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that increased serum levels of CA19-9, CEA, and total bilirubin were correlated with a poor prognosis, as well as a senior grade of infiltration depth, lymph node metastases, and TNM stage(the P values were 0.033, 0.018, 0.015, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.000, respectively). Only the senior grade of infiltration depth and TNM stage retained their significance when adjustments were made for other known prognostic factors in Cox multivariate analysis (RR = 2.211, P = 0.022 and RR = 2.109, P = 0.047). CONCLUSION For patients with DPC, the serum levels of CA19-9 and CEA were closely correlated, and play an important role in poor survival. Increased serum levels of total bilirubin and lymph node metastases were also correlated with a poor prognosis. The senior grade of infiltration depth and TNM stage can serve as independent prognosis indexes in the evaluation of patients with DPC after SPD.

Simultaneous liver mucinous cystic and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the bile duct:A case report

Cystic hepatic neoplasms are rare tumors,and are classified into two separate entities:mucinous cystic neoplasms(MCNs)and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the bile duct(IPMN-B).We report the case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain and jaundice due to the presence of a large hepatic multilocular cystic tumor associated with an intraductal tumor.Partial hepatectomy with resection of extrahepatic bile ducts demonstrated an intrahepatic MCN and an intraductal IPMN-B.This is the first report of the simultaneous occurrence of these two histologically distinct entities in the liver.

Effect of the manipulation of the duodenal papilla during double balloon enteroscopy

AIM: To determine the hypothesis that inflating the balloons in the duodenal papilla determines changes in the biochemical markers of pancreatitis.METHODS: Four groups of pigs were used: Group papilla(GP), the overtube's balloon was inflated in the area of the papilla; GP + double balloon enteroscopy(GP + DBE), the overtube's balloon was kept inflated in the area of the papilla for 20 min before a DBE; Group DBE(GDBE), DBE was carried out after insuring the balloon's inflation far from the pancreatic papilla; and Group control(GC). Serum concentrations of amylase, lipase and C-reactive protein(CRP) were evaluated. Pancreases were processed for histopathology examination.RESULTS: Main changes occurred 24 h after the procedure compared with baseline levels. Amylase levels increased significantly in GP(59.2% higher) and were moderately higher in groups GP + DBE and GDBE(22.7% and 20%, respectively). Lipase increased in GP and GP + DBE, whereas it hardly changed in GDBE and in GC. CRP increased significantly in GP, GP + DBE and GDBE, while no changes were reported for GC. No statistically significant difference between groups GP and GP + DBE was found for the histopathological findings, except for vacuolization and necrosis of the pancreatic parenchyma that was higher in GP than in GP + DBE.CONCLUSION: The manipulation of the duodenal papilla by the inflated overtube's balloon during DBE causes pancreatic structural damage and increased biochemical markers associated with pancreatitis.

Endoscopic resection of carcinoid of the minor duodenalpapilla

We encountered a 65-year-old man with a carcinoid tumor of the minor duodenal papilla. Since he had liver cirrhosis and completely refused surgery, we performed an endoscopic snare papillectomy. The papillectomy was performed successfully without procedure-related complication. The specimens revealed a carcinoid tumor showing that the margin of the tumor was positive. One week later, upper GI endoscopy was performed and the biopsy specimens obtained from base of ulcer showed no neoplastic cells. We performed a duodenoscopy and CT 3, 6 and 18 mo later, and there was no macroscopic or microscopic evidence of tumor recurrence after more than 4 years.

Perforation associated with endoscopic submucosal dissection for duodenal neoplasm without a papillary portion

AIM To investigate predictors of perforation after endoscopic resection(ER) for duodenal neoplasms without a papillary portion.METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective, cohort study conducted between April 2003 and September 2014. A total of 54 patients(59 lesions) underwent endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)(n = 36) and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)(n = 23). Clinical features, outcomes, and predictors of perforation were investigated.RESULTS Cases of perforation occurred in eight(13%) patients(95%CI: 4.7%-22.6%). Three ESD cases required sur-gical management because they could not be repaired by clipping. Delayed perforation occurred in two ESD cases, which required surgical management, although both patients underwent prophylactic clipping. All patients with perforation who required surgery had no postoperative complications and were discharged at anaverage of 13.2 d after ER. Perforation after ER showed a significant association with a tumor size greater than20 mm(P = 0.014) and ESD(P = 0.047).CONCLUSION ESD for duodenal neoplasms exceeding 20 mm may be associated with perforation. ESD alone is not recom-mended for tumor treatment, and LECS should be con-sidered as an alternative.

Clinical outcomes of patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma and intestinal-type papilla of Vater adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Duodenal adenocarcinoma(DA)and intestinal-type papilla of Vater adenocarcinoma(it-PVA)are rare malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract.Current therapeutic options are translated nowadays from treatment strategies for patients with colorectal cancer due to histopathological similarities.AIM To retrospectively investigate the clinical outcome of patients with DA and it-PVA.METHODS All patients with DA and it-PVA diagnosed between 2000 and 2017 were included at two academic centers in the Netherlands.All patients with histopathologically-confirmed DA or it-PVA were eligible for inclusion.Clinical outcome was compared between DA and it-PVA per disease stage.In the subgroup of stage IV disease,survival after local treatment of oligometastases was compared with systemic therapy or supportive care.RESULTS In total,155 patients with DA and it-PVA were included.Patients with it-PVA more often presented with stage I disease,while DA was more often diagnosed at stage IV(P<0.001).Of all patients,79%were treated with curative intent.The median survival was 39 mo,and no difference in survival was found for patients with DA and it-PVA after stratification for disease stage.Seven(23%)of 31 patients with synchronous stage IV disease underwent resection of the primary tumor,combined with local treatment of oligometastases.Local treatment of metastases was associated with an overall survival of 37 mo,compared to 14 and 6 mo for systemic therapy and supportive care,respectively.CONCLUSION Survival of patients with DA and it-PVA is comparable per disease stage.These results suggest a potential benefit for local treatment strategies in selected patients with oligometastases,although additional prospective studies are needed.

内镜下十二指肠乳头腺瘤切除术后出血原因分析及列线图模型构建

目的分析并探讨内镜下十二指肠乳头腺瘤切除术后出血的原因,并构建列线图预测模型。方法回顾性分析2018年01月至2023年12月在我院行内镜下十二指肠乳头腺瘤切除术的患者共233例,根据术后是否发生出血分为出血组(n=31例)和未出血组(n=202例)。比较两组的临床资料,采用多因素logistic回归分析术后出血独立危险因素,并构建风险列线图预测模型,采用Bootstrap法重复抽样1000次展开内部验证。结果服用抗凝血药物(OR=9.063,95%CI:2.132~38.525)、病灶直径≥2 cm(OR=2.802,95%CI:1.073~7.321)、术中分片切除(OR=27.653,95%CI:3.055~619.174)、术后合并胰腺炎(OR=6.859,95%CI:1.930~24.377)是内镜下十二指肠乳头腺瘤切除术后出血的独立危险原因,(P<0.05)。根据Logistic回归分析结果构建风险预测列线图模型,通过Bootstrap法对样本重复抽样1000次开展内部验证,结果显示ROC曲线下的面积为0.850,95%CI为0.780~0.913,模型区分能力好。校准曲线显示列线图预测模型预测术后出血概率与实际术后出血概率具有较好的一致性,Hosmer-Lemeshow显示拟合优度良好(χ^(2)=3.3049,P=0.9138)。结论服用抗凝血药物、病灶直径≥2 cm、术中分片切除、术后合并胰腺炎是内镜下十二指肠乳头腺瘤切除术后出血独立危险因素,以此建立列线图预测模型,评估患者术后出血风险,为早期临床预防及干预提供决策依据。

Treatment for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors

Because of the low prevalence of non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors(NADETs),standardized clinical management of sporadic superficial NADETs,including diagnosis,treatment,and follow-up,has not yet been established.Retrospective studies have revealed certain endoscopic findings suggestive of malignancy.Duodenal adenoma with high-grade dysplasia and mucosal cancer are candidates for local resection by endoscopic or minimally invasive surgery.The use of endoscopic treatment including endoscopic mucosal resection(EMR)and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD),for the treatment for superficial NADETs is increasing.EMR requires multiple sessions to achieve complete remission and repetitive endoscopy is needed after resection.ESD provides an excellent complete resection rate,however it remains a challenging method,considering the high risk of intraoperative or delayed perforation.Minimally invasive surgery such as wedge resection and pancreas-sparing duodenectomy are beneficial for superficial NADETs that are technically difficult to remove by endoscopic treatment.Pancreaticoduodenectomy remains a standard surgical procedure for treatment of duodenal cancer with submucosal invasion,which presents a risk of lymph node metastasis.Endoscopic or surgical treatment outcomes of superficial NADETs without submucosal invasion are satisfactory.Establishing an endoscopic diagnostic tool to differentiate superficial NADETs between adenoma and cancer as well as between mucosal and submucosal cancer is required to select the most appropriate treatment.

Endoscopic and biopsy diagnoses of superficial, nonampullary, duodenal adenocarcinomas

AIM: To investigate the accuracy of endoscopic or biopsy diagnoses of superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors(NADETs).METHODS:Clinicopathological data were reviewed for84 superficial NADETs from 74 patients who underwent surgery or endoscopic resection between September2002 and August 2014 at a single prefectural cancer center.Superficial NADETs were defined as lesions confined to the mucosa or submucosa.Demographic and clinicopathological data were retrieved from charts,endoscopic and pathologic reports.Endoscopic reports included endoscopic diagnosis,location,gross type,diameter,color,and presence or absence of biopsy.Endoscopic diagnoses were made by an endoscopist in charge of the examination before biopsy specimens were obtained.Endoscopic images were obtained using routine,front-view,high-resolution video endoscopy,and chromoendoscopy with indigocarmine was performed for all lesions.Endoscopic images were reviewed by at least two endoscopists to assess endoscopic findings indicative of carcinoma.Preoperative diagnoses based on endoscopy and biopsy findings were compared with histological diagnoses of resected specimens.Sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy were assessed for endoscopic diagnosis and biopsy diagnosis.RESULTS:The majority(81%)of the lesions were located in the second portion of the duodenum.The median lesion diameter was 14.5 mm according to final histology.Surgery was performed for 49 lesions from 39 patients,and 35 lesions from 35 patients were endoscopically resected.Final histology confirmed 65carcinomas,15 adenomas,and 3 hyperplasias.A finaldiagnosis of duodenal carcinoma was made for 91%(52/57)of the lesions diagnosed as carcinoma by endoscopy and 93%(42/45)of the lesions diagnosed as carcinoma by biopsy.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of endoscopic diagnoses were 80%,72%,and 78%,respectively,whereas those of biopsy diagnoses were 72%,80%,and 74%,respectively.Preoperative diagnoses of carcinomas were made in88%(57/65)of the carcinoma lesions via endoscopy or biopsy.Endoscopic findings associated with carcinoma were red color,depression,and mixed-type morphology.CONCLUSION:Preoperative endoscopy and biopsy showed similar accuracies in the diagnosis of carcinoma in patients with superficial NADETs.

Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for metastatic duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor

BACKGROUND: Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors, which are rare, comprise 3%-5% of all gastrointestinal stromai tumors. We present a case of a metastatic duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor that was successfully treated by simultaneous tight hemihepatectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: A 50-year-old woman was admitted to our department for the treatment of a possible metastatic duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). At laparotomy a large duodenal tumor was found displacing the head of the pancreas. A 3 cm in diameter lesion in the posterior aspect of segment Ⅷ of the liver was also noted. Simultaneous right hepatectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy were performed. RESULTS: Histological examination revealed a high grade metastatic duodenal GIST strongly positive for c-kit, CD34, and vimentin. The patient had no additional therapy. A follow-up of 21 months showed that the patient is very well and there is no evidence of recurrent diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Malignant stromai tumors of the duodenum are rarely encountered. They are usually slow growing, and may be amenable to curative surgery, even after occurrence of metastases. Resection of localized liver metastasis is still advocated when feasible, since imatinib does not provide a complete or long-term response. Combined surgical resection is an efficacious treatment for patients with metastatic duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

1例十二指肠癌肉瘤CT及MRI表现

患者男,68岁,便血20余天;10余年前患上消化道出血,经保守治疗后好转;无家族遗传病史。查体未见明显异常。实验室检查:糖类抗原12537.76U/ml,游离/总前列腺特异性抗原7.61%;肌酸激酶31U/ml,脂蛋白a 95mg/dl。胃镜:十二指肠乳头部明显增生,开口处黏膜增生,表面糜烂。

Endoscopic mucosal resection with circumferential mucosal incision of duodenal carcinoid tumors

Duodenal carcinoids are a rare form of neuroendocrine tumors, and tend to invade the submucosa during the early stage. Endoscopic treatment is generally recommended for duodenal carcinoids less than 10 mm in diameter. Although a few reports have described the use of endoscopic resection of duodenal carcinoids, there are no published studies on endoscopic mucosal resection with circumferential mucosal incision (EMR-CMI). We performed EMR-CMI for 5 cases of duodenal carcinoids in the duodenal bulb. The mean tumor diameter was 4.6 ± 1.8 mm. Although all of the tumors were located in the submucosa, R0 resection was performed without complication in each case. EMR-CMI may thus be a safe and effective treatment for duodenal carcinoids less than 10 mm in diameter.

不同球囊扩张时间对老年胆管结石EST术患者净石率、肝功能、应激程度及术后胰腺炎影响

目的探讨不同球囊扩张时间对老年胆管结石内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(bile duct stones undergoing endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)患者净石率、肝功能、应激程度及术后胰腺炎影响,指导临床选择最佳球囊扩张时间。方法选取老年胆管结石患者116例,按照随机数字表法均分为1 min组、3 min组,各58例。2组均给予EST治疗,1 min组、3 min组球囊扩张时间分别为1 min、3 min,比较2组手术一般情况、取石情况、肝功能[γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-glutamyltransferase,γ-GT)、丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(alkalinephosphatase,ALP)、直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBIL)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)]、应激程度[环氧合酶2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)、肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、皮质醇(cortisol,Cor)]及并发症。结果3 min组手术时间短于1 min组,术中出血量低于1 min组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3 min组术后住院时间、X线暴露时间与1 min组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3 min组机械碎石率、一次净石率、取石时间与1 min组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组术后1 d、术后3 dγ-GT、ALP、ALT、DBIL、TBIL均呈现降低趋势,2组在时点间、组间·时点间交互作用差异有统计意义(P<0.05),在组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组术后1 d、术后3 d COX-2、TNF-α、CRP、Cor均呈升高趋势,2组在时点间、组间·时点间交互作用差异有统计意义(P<0.05),在组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组术后1 d、术后3 d血淀粉酶、脂肪酶均呈升高趋势,2组在组间、时点间、组间·时点间交互作用差异有统计意义(P<0.05),3 min组术后1 d、术后3 d血淀粉酶、脂肪酶低于1 min组(P<0.05);3 min组胰腺炎、出血发生率低于1 min组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3 min组与1 min组胆道感染发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论EST术中球囊扩张3 min应用于老年胆管结石患者,可有效减少术中出血,缩短手术时间,在保证取石效果,不影响肝功能、创伤应激程度的同时,有效避免胰腺炎、出血发生。

Preoperative endoscopic diagnosis of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors, including magnifying endoscopy

Superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumor(SNADET) is defined as a sporadic tumor that is confined to the mucosa or submucosa that does not arise from Vater's papilla, and it includes adenoma a n d a d e n o c a r c i n o m a. R e c e n t d e v e l o p m e n t s i n endoscopic technology, such as high-resolution endoscopy and image-enhanced endoscopy, may increase the chances of detecting SNADET lesions. However, because SNADET is rare, little is known about its preoperative endoscopic diagnosis. The use of endoscopic resection for SNADET, which has no risk of metastasis, is increasing, but the incidence of complications, such as perforation, is significantly higher than in any other part of the digestive tract. A preoperative diagnosis is required to distinguish between lesions that should be followed up and those that require treatment. Retrospective studies have revealed certain endoscopic findings that suggest malignancy. In recent years, several new imaging modalities have been developed and explored for realtime diagnosis of these lesion types. Establishing an endoscopic diagnostic tool to differentiate between adenoma and adenocarcinoma in SNADET lesions is required to select the most appropriate treatment. This review describes the current state of knowledge about preoperative endoscopic diagnosis of SNADETs, such as duodenal adenoma and duodenal adenocarcinoma. Newer endoscopic techniques, including magnifying endoscopy, may help to guide these diagnostics, but their additional advantages remain unclear, and further studies are required to clarify these issues.

十二指肠神经内分泌肿瘤的临床特点及预后分析

目的 探索十二指肠神经内分泌肿瘤(D-NEN)的临床特点和预后相关因素。方法回顾性纳入2017年1月~2023年6月于我院住院的D-NEN患者,分析其临床特点、辅助检查结果、病理特征、免疫组化结果、治疗方式及预后情况。采用单因素及多因素cox回归分析评估影响D-NEN不良预后的因素。结果 38例D-NEN患者病理分级均为G1或G2级,临床分期Ⅰ~Ⅳ期分别为13例、9例、9例和7例。中位随访33.0(13.0,55.0)个月,随访期间2例患者死亡,8例出现复发或转移。单因素cox回归分析结果提示肝脏转移和系统免疫炎症指数(SII)≥435.5均与D-NEN患者不良预后相关(P<0.05),多因素cox回归分析结果提示高SII(≥435.5)是D-NEN患者不良预后的独立预测因素(P<0.05)。结论 D-NEN临床病理特点异质性高,SII可能是其潜在的预后预测指标。

Spontaneous expulsion of a duodenal lipoma after endoscopic biopsy: A case report

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal(GI)lipomas are benign submucosal tumors of mature adipocytes that arise mainly in the colon and stomach,sometimes in the ileum and jejunum,and rarely in the duodenum.Patients with symptomatic lipomas require endoscopic or surgical treatment.Spontaneous expulsion of lipomas after biopsy is a rare condition that has limited case reports.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old man presented to our hospital with intermittent postprandial epigastric fullness.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)revealed a 10-mm soft yellowish submucosal lesion with the“pillow sign,”located in the second portion of duodenum.Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)using a 12-MHz catheter probe showed a hyperechoic,homogenous,and round solid lesion(OLYMPUS EUS EUME2,UM-DP12-25R,12-MHz radial miniprobe,Olympus Corporation,Tokyo,Japan).Deep biopsy was performed using the bite-on-bite technique with forceps.Histological examination was compatible with submucosal lipoma.The lesion spontaneously expelled 12 d after the biopsy.Follow-up EUS performed after 2 mo confirmed this condition.CONCLUSION Deep biopsy could lead to spontaneous GI lipoma expulsion.This might be the first step in lipoma diagnosis and treatment.

Duodenal ulcer caused by coil wiggle after digital subtraction angiography-guided embolization: A case report

BACKGROUND Acute gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)is a life-threatening medical emergency with high morbidity and mortality.Transcatheter embolization with endovascular coils under digital subtraction angiography guidance is a common and effective method for the treatment of GIB with high technical success rates.Duodenal ulcers caused by coils wiggled from the branch of the gastroduodenal artery,which is a rare complication,have not previously been reported in a patient with right intrathoracic stomach.CASE SUMMARY A 62-year-old man had undergone thoracoscopy-assisted radical resection of esophageal cancer and gastroesophageal anastomosis 3 years ago,resulting in right intrathoracic stomach.He was admitted to the hospital 15 mo ago for dizziness and suffered acute GIB during his stay.Interventional surgery was urgently performed to embolize the branch of the gastroduodenal artery with endovascular coils.After 15 mo,the patient was re-admitted with a chief complaint of melena for 2 d,esophagogastroduodenoscopy and abdominal computed tomography revealed that some endovascular coils had migrated into the duodenal bulb,leading to a deep ulcer.Bleeding was controlled after conservative treatment.Seven months later,duodenal balloon dilatation was performed to relieve the stenosis after the removal of a few coils,and the patient was safely discharged with only one coil retained in the duodenum due to difficulties in complete removal and risk of bleeding.Mild melena recurred once during the long-term follow-up.CONCLUSION Although rare,coil wiggle after interventional therapy requires careful attention,effective precautionary measures,and more secure alternative treatment methods.

针状刀开窗术在急性梗阻化脓性胆管炎患者中的应用效果

目的比较针状刀开窗术与弓状刀预切开术在内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)治疗急性梗阻化脓性胆管炎(AOSC)患者的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2016年12月至2021年12月宝鸡市人民医院肝胆胰脾外科收治的42例AOSC行ERCP遭遇困难插管患者的临床资料,将18例行针状刀开窗术患者纳入针状刀组,24例行弓状刀预切开术患者纳入弓状刀组。比较两组的术中相关指标(插管成功率、插管时间、手术时间)、临床相关指标(治疗费用、住院天数)、术后并发症发生情况。结果AOSC患者插管总成功率为92.86%。两组的插管成功率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);针状刀组的插管时间、手术时间短于弓状刀组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。针状刀组的治疗费用少于弓状刀组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);针状刀组的住院天数虽短于弓状刀组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组的并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论针状刀开窗术在AOSC行ERCP遭遇困难插管患者中的应用效果显著,值得推广。

Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Mucosal Neoplasm Located on the Duodenal Bulb through Endoscope Retroflexion

OBJECTIVE To assess the results of endoscopic mucosal resection （EMR） of benign mucosal neoplasms located on the duodenal bulb using endoscope retroflexion. METHODS This study involved 14 patients with 16 mucosal neoplasms located on the duodenal bulb. The diameter of each neoplasm was less than 15 mm. After endoscope retroflexion within the duodenum for evaluation of the size, extent and depth of the tumor, EMR was attempted with endoscope retroflexion for removing the lesion in the duodenal bulb. The rate of endoscope retroflexion, the time required for endoscope retroflexion, median operation time, curative resection rate, en bloc resection rate, complication, and median follow-up period were evaluated. RESULTS Sixteen lesions in 14 patents （median age of 56 years, 5 female, 9 male） were removed through EMR. The mean size of the lesions resected was 6.9 mm （median size of 5.5 mm, range of 3-15 mm）. Post-EMR histologic examination revealed Brunner＇s gland hyperplasia in 6, gastric mucosal metaplasia in 5, adenoma in 1, chronic inflammation in 3, and benign lymphocytic hyperplasia in 1. The curative resection rate was 100% （16/16）, and the en bloc resection rate was 94% （15/16）, with EMR. One of the lesions was piecemeal removed through EMR for its large size （15 mm） and for its involving the area from the duodenal bulb to the pyloric ring. The success rate of endoscope retroflexion within the duodenum was 94% （15/16）. The time required for endoscope retroflexion was longer for the first 10 lesions （median time of 2 min, range of 1-2.5 min） than that for the last 5 lesions （median time of 1.5 min, range of 1-2 min）. The median follow-up period was 22 months （range of 4-48 months）. During the follow-up, no residual, no pyloric or duodenal stenosis was found in any of the patients after EMR. There was no severe hemorrhage, or perforations occurring. CONCLUSION EMR of mucosal neoplasm located on the duodenal bulb through endoscope retroflexion, which is a feasible and useful adjunctive procedure, appears to be a safe and effective technique.