针对目前遥感影像中烤烟边缘识别效率低且识别精度低等问题,文章提出一种融合轻量化ASPP和U-Net框架的遥感影像烤烟种植区域提取模型。首先,该模型在U-Net编码层和解码层连接处加入轻量化空洞空间金字塔池化模块;其次,该模型将线性整流...针对目前遥感影像中烤烟边缘识别效率低且识别精度低等问题,文章提出一种融合轻量化ASPP和U-Net框架的遥感影像烤烟种植区域提取模型。首先,该模型在U-Net编码层和解码层连接处加入轻量化空洞空间金字塔池化模块;其次,该模型将线性整流函数(Rectified Linear Unit,ReLU)替换为ReLU6激活函数,能够在低精度计算时压缩动态范围,从而使算法更具鲁棒性;最后,该模型通过采用形态学孔洞填充构建标签图后处理算法,实现分割结果优化。为验证该模型框架的有效性和适用性,文章采用无人机遥感影像作为实验数据集,构建与传统语义分割模型的对比实验以及消融实验等。实验结果表明,通过与FCN、U-Net、SegNet和DeepLabV3+等传统语义分割算法相比较,文章提出的模型获得了较好的分割效果,其像素准确率和平均交并比分别为93.7%和84.1%。此外,该模型在保证模型精度的情况下,还能够提高模型的计算速度。展开更多
The area of Arctic sea ice has dramatically decreased, and the length of the open water season has increased;these patterns have been observed by satellite remote sensing since the 1970 s. In this paper, we calculate ...The area of Arctic sea ice has dramatically decreased, and the length of the open water season has increased;these patterns have been observed by satellite remote sensing since the 1970 s. In this paper, we calculate the net primary productivity(NPP, calculated by carbon) from 2003 to 2016 based on sea ice concentration products,chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration, photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), sea surface temperature(SST), and sunshine duration data. We then analyse the spatiotemporal changes in the Chl a concentration and NPP and further investigate the relations among NPP, the open water area, and the length of the open water season. The results indicate that(1) the Chl a concentration increased by 0.025 mg/m^3 per year;(2) the NPP increased by 4.29 mg/(m^2·d) per year, reaching a maximum of 525.74 mg/(m^2·d) in 2016;and(3) the Arctic open water area increased by 57.23×10^3 km^2/a, with a growth rate of 1.53 d/a for the length of the open water season. The annual NPP was significantly positively related to the open water area, the length of the open water season and the SST.The daily NPP was also found to have a lag correlation with the open water area, with a lag time of two months.With global warming, NPP has maintained an increasing trend, with the most significant increase occurring in the Kara Sea. In summary, this study provides a macroscopic understanding of the distribution of phytoplankton in the Arctic, which is valuable information for the evaluation and management of marine ecological environments.展开更多
Understanding the relationship between the timing of N fertilizer applications and crop primary production is crucial for achieving high yield and N use efifciency in agriculture. This study investigated the effects o...Understanding the relationship between the timing of N fertilizer applications and crop primary production is crucial for achieving high yield and N use efifciency in agriculture. This study investigated the effects of starting-N plus topdressing N applications （as compared to the common practice of all basal application） on soybean photosynthetic capacity under different planting densities. A ifeld experiment was conducted in two growing seasons （2011 and 2012）, and the soybean （Glycine max L. Merrill） cultivar was Dongnong 52, three planting densities （20, 25 and 30 plants m-2）, and four N fertilizer application patterns （all N fertilizer of 6 g N m-2 as basal fertilizer, all N fertilizer as topdressing at beginning pod stage （R3）, 1.8 g N m-2 as basal fertilizer and 4.2 g N m-2 as topdressing at stage R3 and full pod stage （R4）, respectively）. The results indicated that under the same planting density, compared to applying all N as basal fertilizer, the application of starter-N plus topdressing N substantially reduced the rate of pod abscission, and enhanced leaf area index （LAI） signiifcantly at beginning seed stage （R5） （P〈0.05）, net assimilation rate （NAR） during stages R4-full seed stage （R6） （P〈0.05）, contribution rate of post-seed iflling assimilate to seed （CPA） （P〈0.05）, and yield （P〈0.05）. Applying topdressing N at stage R4 resulted in higher net primary production and yield than applying topdressing N at stage R3. When applying starter-N plus topdressing N at planting density of 25 plants m-2, LAI after stage R5 and NAR after stage R4 were increased by 5.92-16.3%（P〈0.05） and 13.7-26.6%（P〈0.05） with the planting density of 20 plants m-2, respectively, and yield was 8.46-14.0%（P〈0.05） higher than that under 20 plants m-2. When planting density increased to 30 plants m-2, only LAI during stages R4-R5 and NAR during stages R4-R5 increased by applying starter-N plus topdressing N, while the other indexes declined. Overall, results of this study demonstrated that applying starter-N plus topdressing N could signiifcantly enhance soybean photosynthetic capacity after stage R5 at planting density of 25 plants m-2.展开更多
By means of MORTRAN4 model of FLASSH module, an atmospheric correction of the SPOT II/IV data of four-year period for eight experimental coal faces of Lu'an mine area was done. The mining-affected zones were obtai...By means of MORTRAN4 model of FLASSH module, an atmospheric correction of the SPOT II/IV data of four-year period for eight experimental coal faces of Lu'an mine area was done. The mining-affected zones were obtained with probability integral method. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and its mean were obtained by band ratio calculation at the mining subsidence area. Using FOURIER4 model of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of discrete Fourier analysis theory, the mean NDVI time series data set was reconstructed. With the mean of NDVI transformed into amplitude and the phonological information transformed into phase, the law of NDVI variation by monthly, quarterly, annual were obtained. The annual integral of the time series of NDVI Fourier function (ANDVI) was obtained. The results show that an experience formula of ANDVI variation accompanies with mining time; A fast estimation formula of NPP by means of a coefficient of mining disturbance such as γ.展开更多
针对传统视网膜血管分割算法存在血管分割精度低和病灶区域误分割等缺点,提出一种基于U-Net的多尺度特征增强视网膜血管分割算法(MFEU-Net)。首先,为解决梯度消失问题,设计一种改进的特征信息增强残差模块(FIE-RM)替代U-Net的卷积块;其...针对传统视网膜血管分割算法存在血管分割精度低和病灶区域误分割等缺点,提出一种基于U-Net的多尺度特征增强视网膜血管分割算法(MFEU-Net)。首先,为解决梯度消失问题,设计一种改进的特征信息增强残差模块(FIE-RM)替代U-Net的卷积块;其次,为扩大感受野并提高对血管信息特征的抽取能力,在U-Net的底部引入多尺度密集空洞卷积模块;最后,为减少编解码过程中的信息损失,在U-Net的跳跃连接处构建多尺度通道增强模块。在DRIVE(Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction)和CHASE_DB1数据集上的实验结果表明,与在视网膜血管分割方面表现次优的算法CS-Net(Channel and Spatial attention Network)相比,MFEU-Net的F1分数分别提高了0.35和1.55个百分点,曲线下面积(AUC)分别提高了0.34和1.50个百分点,这验证了MFEU-Net可以有效提高对视网膜血管分割的准确性和鲁棒性。展开更多
Arid and semi-arid ecosystems exhibit a spatially complex biogeophysical structure. According to arid western special climate-vegetation characters, the fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation （PV）, non-photos...Arid and semi-arid ecosystems exhibit a spatially complex biogeophysical structure. According to arid western special climate-vegetation characters, the fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation （PV）, non-photosynthetic vegetation （NPV）, bare soil and water are unmixed, using the remote sensing spectral mixture analysis. We try the method to unmix the canopy funation structure of arid land cover in order to avoid the differentiation of regional vegetation system and the disturbance of environmental background. We developed a modified production efficiency model NPP-PEM appropriate for the arid area at regional scale based on the concept of radiation use efficiency. This model refer to the GLO-PEM and CASA model was driven with remotely sensed observations, and calculates not just the conversion efficiency of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation but also the carbon fluxes that determine net primary productivity （NPP）. We apply and validate the model in the Kaxger and Yarkant river basins in arid western China. The NPP of the study area in 1992 and 1998 was estimated based on the NPP-PEM model. The results show that the improved PEM model, considering the photosynthetical activation of heterogeneous functional vegetation, is in good agreement with field measurements and the existing literature. An accurate agreement （R2= 0.85, P〈0.001） between the estimates and the ground-based measurement was obtained. The spatial distribution of mountain-oasis-desert ecosystem shows an obvious heterogeneous carbon uptake. The results are applicable to arid ecosystem studies ranging from characterizing carbon cycle, carbon flux over arid areas to monitoring change in mountain-oasis-desert productivity, stress and management.展开更多
Isopaxametric quadrilateral elements are widely used in the finite element method. However, they have a disadvantage of accuracy loss when elements are distorted. Spline functions have properties of simpleness and con...Isopaxametric quadrilateral elements are widely used in the finite element method. However, they have a disadvantage of accuracy loss when elements are distorted. Spline functions have properties of simpleness and conformality. A 17onode quadrilateral element has been developed using the bivaxiate quaxtic spline interpolation basis and the triangular area coordinates, which can exactly model the quartic displacement fields. Some appropriate examples are employed to illustrate that the element possesses high precision and is insensitive to mesh distortions.展开更多
文摘针对目前遥感影像中烤烟边缘识别效率低且识别精度低等问题,文章提出一种融合轻量化ASPP和U-Net框架的遥感影像烤烟种植区域提取模型。首先,该模型在U-Net编码层和解码层连接处加入轻量化空洞空间金字塔池化模块;其次,该模型将线性整流函数(Rectified Linear Unit,ReLU)替换为ReLU6激活函数,能够在低精度计算时压缩动态范围,从而使算法更具鲁棒性;最后,该模型通过采用形态学孔洞填充构建标签图后处理算法,实现分割结果优化。为验证该模型框架的有效性和适用性,文章采用无人机遥感影像作为实验数据集,构建与传统语义分割模型的对比实验以及消融实验等。实验结果表明,通过与FCN、U-Net、SegNet和DeepLabV3+等传统语义分割算法相比较,文章提出的模型获得了较好的分割效果,其像素准确率和平均交并比分别为93.7%和84.1%。此外,该模型在保证模型精度的情况下,还能够提高模型的计算速度。
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2016YFA0600102the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41371391the Consulting Research Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering under contract No.2016-XZ-15
文摘The area of Arctic sea ice has dramatically decreased, and the length of the open water season has increased;these patterns have been observed by satellite remote sensing since the 1970 s. In this paper, we calculate the net primary productivity(NPP, calculated by carbon) from 2003 to 2016 based on sea ice concentration products,chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration, photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), sea surface temperature(SST), and sunshine duration data. We then analyse the spatiotemporal changes in the Chl a concentration and NPP and further investigate the relations among NPP, the open water area, and the length of the open water season. The results indicate that(1) the Chl a concentration increased by 0.025 mg/m^3 per year;(2) the NPP increased by 4.29 mg/(m^2·d) per year, reaching a maximum of 525.74 mg/(m^2·d) in 2016;and(3) the Arctic open water area increased by 57.23×10^3 km^2/a, with a growth rate of 1.53 d/a for the length of the open water season. The annual NPP was significantly positively related to the open water area, the length of the open water season and the SST.The daily NPP was also found to have a lag correlation with the open water area, with a lag time of two months.With global warming, NPP has maintained an increasing trend, with the most significant increase occurring in the Kara Sea. In summary, this study provides a macroscopic understanding of the distribution of phytoplankton in the Arctic, which is valuable information for the evaluation and management of marine ecological environments.
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201103003)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2012BAD20B04)
文摘Understanding the relationship between the timing of N fertilizer applications and crop primary production is crucial for achieving high yield and N use efifciency in agriculture. This study investigated the effects of starting-N plus topdressing N applications （as compared to the common practice of all basal application） on soybean photosynthetic capacity under different planting densities. A ifeld experiment was conducted in two growing seasons （2011 and 2012）, and the soybean （Glycine max L. Merrill） cultivar was Dongnong 52, three planting densities （20, 25 and 30 plants m-2）, and four N fertilizer application patterns （all N fertilizer of 6 g N m-2 as basal fertilizer, all N fertilizer as topdressing at beginning pod stage （R3）, 1.8 g N m-2 as basal fertilizer and 4.2 g N m-2 as topdressing at stage R3 and full pod stage （R4）, respectively）. The results indicated that under the same planting density, compared to applying all N as basal fertilizer, the application of starter-N plus topdressing N substantially reduced the rate of pod abscission, and enhanced leaf area index （LAI） signiifcantly at beginning seed stage （R5） （P〈0.05）, net assimilation rate （NAR） during stages R4-full seed stage （R6） （P〈0.05）, contribution rate of post-seed iflling assimilate to seed （CPA） （P〈0.05）, and yield （P〈0.05）. Applying topdressing N at stage R4 resulted in higher net primary production and yield than applying topdressing N at stage R3. When applying starter-N plus topdressing N at planting density of 25 plants m-2, LAI after stage R5 and NAR after stage R4 were increased by 5.92-16.3%（P〈0.05） and 13.7-26.6%（P〈0.05） with the planting density of 20 plants m-2, respectively, and yield was 8.46-14.0%（P〈0.05） higher than that under 20 plants m-2. When planting density increased to 30 plants m-2, only LAI during stages R4-R5 and NAR during stages R4-R5 increased by applying starter-N plus topdressing N, while the other indexes declined. Overall, results of this study demonstrated that applying starter-N plus topdressing N could signiifcantly enhance soybean photosynthetic capacity after stage R5 at planting density of 25 plants m-2.
基金Project(50525414)supported by the National Outstanding Youth FundProject(2009CB226107)supported by the National Basic Research Program of China+1 种基金Doctor Fund of Henan Polytechnic University(B2009-46)Graduate Student Thesis Innovation Fund of Henan Polytechnic University(2010-4-20)
文摘By means of MORTRAN4 model of FLASSH module, an atmospheric correction of the SPOT II/IV data of four-year period for eight experimental coal faces of Lu'an mine area was done. The mining-affected zones were obtained with probability integral method. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and its mean were obtained by band ratio calculation at the mining subsidence area. Using FOURIER4 model of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of discrete Fourier analysis theory, the mean NDVI time series data set was reconstructed. With the mean of NDVI transformed into amplitude and the phonological information transformed into phase, the law of NDVI variation by monthly, quarterly, annual were obtained. The annual integral of the time series of NDVI Fourier function (ANDVI) was obtained. The results show that an experience formula of ANDVI variation accompanies with mining time; A fast estimation formula of NPP by means of a coefficient of mining disturbance such as γ.
文摘针对传统视网膜血管分割算法存在血管分割精度低和病灶区域误分割等缺点,提出一种基于U-Net的多尺度特征增强视网膜血管分割算法(MFEU-Net)。首先,为解决梯度消失问题,设计一种改进的特征信息增强残差模块(FIE-RM)替代U-Net的卷积块;其次,为扩大感受野并提高对血管信息特征的抽取能力,在U-Net的底部引入多尺度密集空洞卷积模块;最后,为减少编解码过程中的信息损失,在U-Net的跳跃连接处构建多尺度通道增强模块。在DRIVE(Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction)和CHASE_DB1数据集上的实验结果表明,与在视网膜血管分割方面表现次优的算法CS-Net(Channel and Spatial attention Network)相比,MFEU-Net的F1分数分别提高了0.35和1.55个百分点,曲线下面积(AUC)分别提高了0.34和1.50个百分点,这验证了MFEU-Net可以有效提高对视网膜血管分割的准确性和鲁棒性。
基金National Project for Basic Research, No.2002CB412507 National key project of fundamental research, No.G1999043500 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.90202002
文摘Arid and semi-arid ecosystems exhibit a spatially complex biogeophysical structure. According to arid western special climate-vegetation characters, the fractional cover of photosynthetic vegetation （PV）, non-photosynthetic vegetation （NPV）, bare soil and water are unmixed, using the remote sensing spectral mixture analysis. We try the method to unmix the canopy funation structure of arid land cover in order to avoid the differentiation of regional vegetation system and the disturbance of environmental background. We developed a modified production efficiency model NPP-PEM appropriate for the arid area at regional scale based on the concept of radiation use efficiency. This model refer to the GLO-PEM and CASA model was driven with remotely sensed observations, and calculates not just the conversion efficiency of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation but also the carbon fluxes that determine net primary productivity （NPP）. We apply and validate the model in the Kaxger and Yarkant river basins in arid western China. The NPP of the study area in 1992 and 1998 was estimated based on the NPP-PEM model. The results show that the improved PEM model, considering the photosynthetical activation of heterogeneous functional vegetation, is in good agreement with field measurements and the existing literature. An accurate agreement （R2= 0.85, P〈0.001） between the estimates and the ground-based measurement was obtained. The spatial distribution of mountain-oasis-desert ecosystem shows an obvious heterogeneous carbon uptake. The results are applicable to arid ecosystem studies ranging from characterizing carbon cycle, carbon flux over arid areas to monitoring change in mountain-oasis-desert productivity, stress and management.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China China (Nos. 60533060, 10672032, and 10726067)the Science Foundation of Dalian University of Technology (No. SFDUT07001)
文摘Isopaxametric quadrilateral elements are widely used in the finite element method. However, they have a disadvantage of accuracy loss when elements are distorted. Spline functions have properties of simpleness and conformality. A 17onode quadrilateral element has been developed using the bivaxiate quaxtic spline interpolation basis and the triangular area coordinates, which can exactly model the quartic displacement fields. Some appropriate examples are employed to illustrate that the element possesses high precision and is insensitive to mesh distortions.
