Groundwater is an important water resource in Haihe River basin,North China.The number of aquifers that appear to be declining under conditions of groundwater overdraft is increasing.To effectively manage the water re...Groundwater is an important water resource in Haihe River basin,North China.The number of aquifers that appear to be declining under conditions of groundwater overdraft is increasing.To effectively manage the water resources,there is a strong scientific need to analyze the net use of this important water resource and to quantify the water rights allocation for improved understanding of the future water展开更多
Relative roles of climate change and human activities in desertification are the hotspot of research on desertification dynamic and its driving mechanism.To overcome the shortcomings of existing studies,this paper sel...Relative roles of climate change and human activities in desertification are the hotspot of research on desertification dynamic and its driving mechanism.To overcome the shortcomings of existing studies,this paper selected net primary productivity （NPP） as an indicator to analyze desertification dynamic and its impact factors.In addition,the change trends of actual NPP,potential NPP and HNPP （human appropriation of NPP,the difference between potential NPP and actual NPP） were used to analyze the desertification dynamic and calculate the relative roles of climate change,human activities and a combination of the two factors in desertification.In this study,the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS）-Normalised Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） and meteorological data were utilized to drive the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach （CASA） model to calculate the actual NPP from 2001 to 2010 in the Heihe River Basin.Potential NPP was estimated using the Thornthwaite Memorial model.Results showed that 61％ of the whole basin area underwent land degradation,of which 90.5％ was caused by human activities,8.6％ by climate change,and 0.9％ by a combination of the two factors.On the contrary,1.5％ of desertification reversion area was caused by human activities and 90.7％ by climate change,the rest 7.8％ by a combination of the two factors.Moreover,it was demonstrated that 95.9％ of the total actual NPP decrease was induced by human activities,while 69.3％ of the total actual NPP increase was caused by climate change.The results revealed that climate change dominated desertification reversion,while human activities dominated desertification expansion.Moreover,the relative roles of both climate change and human activities in desertification possessed great spatial heterogeneity.Additionally,ecological protection policies should be enhanced in the Heihe River Basin to prevent desertification expansion under the condition of climate change.展开更多
温室效应已成为重要的全球气候问题,而内陆水体是温室气体(CO_(2)和CH_(4))的重要排放源,更有研究发现筑坝蓄水可能引起河流水体CO_(2)和CH_(4)排放的增多。为积极响应国家“双碳”目标,使用水库温室气体净排放通量评估模型G-res Tool,...温室效应已成为重要的全球气候问题,而内陆水体是温室气体(CO_(2)和CH_(4))的重要排放源,更有研究发现筑坝蓄水可能引起河流水体CO_(2)和CH_(4)排放的增多。为积极响应国家“双碳”目标,使用水库温室气体净排放通量评估模型G-res Tool,利用流域基本信息及水库特征数据,对澜沧江干流已建成的10座梯级水库温室气体(CO_(2)和CH_(4))进行模拟计算,10座水库蓄水后温室气体(CO_(2)和CH_(4))年排放通量平均值为162.81 g CO_(2)e/(m^(2)·a),远低于全球水库平均水平,均表现为温室气体的“源”,从上游至下游整体呈增加趋势,且排放以CO_(2)为主,全年CO_(2)排放通量为CH_(4)的36倍。考虑了水库蓄水前的温室气体排放及其他非相关人类活动的影响后,得到澜沧江水库温室气体(CO_(2)和CH_(4))年净排放通量平均值为225.70 g CO_(2)e/(m^(2)·a),表明筑坝增加了库区水体温室气体排放,但和火力发电相比,仍属于相对清洁能源。展开更多
文摘Groundwater is an important water resource in Haihe River basin,North China.The number of aquifers that appear to be declining under conditions of groundwater overdraft is increasing.To effectively manage the water resources,there is a strong scientific need to analyze the net use of this important water resource and to quantify the water rights allocation for improved understanding of the future water
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB950702)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2007AA10Z231)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40871012,J1103512,J1210026)the Asia-Pacific Network(ARCP-2012-SP25-Li)the Australian Agency for International Development(64828)
文摘Relative roles of climate change and human activities in desertification are the hotspot of research on desertification dynamic and its driving mechanism.To overcome the shortcomings of existing studies,this paper selected net primary productivity （NPP） as an indicator to analyze desertification dynamic and its impact factors.In addition,the change trends of actual NPP,potential NPP and HNPP （human appropriation of NPP,the difference between potential NPP and actual NPP） were used to analyze the desertification dynamic and calculate the relative roles of climate change,human activities and a combination of the two factors in desertification.In this study,the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS）-Normalised Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） and meteorological data were utilized to drive the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach （CASA） model to calculate the actual NPP from 2001 to 2010 in the Heihe River Basin.Potential NPP was estimated using the Thornthwaite Memorial model.Results showed that 61％ of the whole basin area underwent land degradation,of which 90.5％ was caused by human activities,8.6％ by climate change,and 0.9％ by a combination of the two factors.On the contrary,1.5％ of desertification reversion area was caused by human activities and 90.7％ by climate change,the rest 7.8％ by a combination of the two factors.Moreover,it was demonstrated that 95.9％ of the total actual NPP decrease was induced by human activities,while 69.3％ of the total actual NPP increase was caused by climate change.The results revealed that climate change dominated desertification reversion,while human activities dominated desertification expansion.Moreover,the relative roles of both climate change and human activities in desertification possessed great spatial heterogeneity.Additionally,ecological protection policies should be enhanced in the Heihe River Basin to prevent desertification expansion under the condition of climate change.
文摘温室效应已成为重要的全球气候问题,而内陆水体是温室气体(CO_(2)和CH_(4))的重要排放源,更有研究发现筑坝蓄水可能引起河流水体CO_(2)和CH_(4)排放的增多。为积极响应国家“双碳”目标,使用水库温室气体净排放通量评估模型G-res Tool,利用流域基本信息及水库特征数据,对澜沧江干流已建成的10座梯级水库温室气体(CO_(2)和CH_(4))进行模拟计算,10座水库蓄水后温室气体(CO_(2)和CH_(4))年排放通量平均值为162.81 g CO_(2)e/(m^(2)·a),远低于全球水库平均水平,均表现为温室气体的“源”,从上游至下游整体呈增加趋势,且排放以CO_(2)为主,全年CO_(2)排放通量为CH_(4)的36倍。考虑了水库蓄水前的温室气体排放及其他非相关人类活动的影响后,得到澜沧江水库温室气体(CO_(2)和CH_(4))年净排放通量平均值为225.70 g CO_(2)e/(m^(2)·a),表明筑坝增加了库区水体温室气体排放,但和火力发电相比,仍属于相对清洁能源。
