Coordinated and Balanced Growth Between Telecom Networks and Internet

As two existing networks, the telecom network and the Internet differ greatly in terms of business patterns, service quality, security and regulations, whilst technical development makes services provided by the two networks penetrate each other. This article describes the status quo of the telecom network and the Internet as well as the problems faced by each of them, analyzes the causes of those problems, and makes suggestions on coordinated and balanced development of the telecom network and the Internet.

Spatial Load Balancing in Wide-Area Wireless Networks

Load balancing is typically used in the frequency domain of cellular wireless networks to balance paging, access, and traffic load across the available bandwidth. In this paper, we extend load balancing into the spatial domain, and we develop two approaches--network load balancing and single-carrier multilink--for spatial load balancing. Although these techniques are mostly applied to cellular wireless networks and Wi-Fi networks, we show how they can be applied to EV-DO, a 3G cellular data network. When a device has more than one candidate server, these techniques can be used to determine the quality of the channel between a server and the device and to determine the Ipad on each server. The proposed techniques leverage the advantages of existing EV-DO network architecture and are fully backward compatible. Network operators can substantially increase network capacity and improve user experience by using these techniques. Combining load balancing in the frequency and spatial domains improves connectivity within a network and allows resources to be optimally allocated according to the p-fair criterion. Combined load balancing further improves performance.

A Routing Optimization Algorithm with Quality of Multi- Service in Wireless Sensor Network

According to the problem of energy consumption in wireless sensor network （WSN）,this paper puts forward a routing optimization algorithm with quality of multi-service, using the function of routing optimization with quality of multi-service and membership function of satisfaction, which integrates the energy consumption of communication and residual and the information of time delay into the membership function of satisfaction to solve the equilibrium factor, so that it can become the optimal routing that balances the network lifetime, transmission delay of data, and node energy consumption of nodes. Simulation experiment shows that adopting the algorithm can make lifecycle of nodes longer and network transmit more data packets at the same time. Experimental results verify the algorithm can effectively balance the network energy, reduce the energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime.

A method of analysis of macro water environmental systems

The phases of water environmental system (WES) and their emphatic intersections areanalysed in this paper. and from the view point of system analysis , an analytical process of WES is provided. Based on the balance network of WES, a goal programming model for regional water environmentalplanning and the main computational result for a coastal city are provided , thus proving its usefulness andeffectiveness.

Fixed-Time Cluster Consensus for Multi-Agent Systems with Objective Optimization on Directed Networks

This paper studies the cluster consensus of multi-agent systems(MASs)with objective optimization on directed and detail balanced networks,in which the global optimization objective function is a linear combination of local objective functions of all agents.Firstly,a directed and detail balanced network is constructed that depends on the weights of the global objective function,and two kinds of novel continuous-time optimization algorithms are proposed based on time-invariant and timevarying objective functions.Secondly,by using fixed-time stability theory and convex optimization theory,some sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure that all agents'states reach cluster consensus within a fixed-time,and asymptotically converge to the optimal solution of the global objective function.Finally,two examples are presented to show the efficacy of the theoretical results.

Joint load balancing and interference coordination in multi-antenna heterogeneous networks

In heterogeneous networks（Het Nets）, it is desirable to offload users from macro cells to small cells to achieve load balancing. However, the offloaded users suffer a strong inter-tier interference. To guarantee the performance of the offloaded users, the interference from macro cells should be carefully managed. In this paper, we jointly optimize load balancing and interference coordination in multi-antenna Het Nets. Different from previous works, instead of almost blank subframes（ABS） on which the macro cells waste time resource, the macro cells suppress the interference to the offloaded users by zero-forcing beamforming（ZFBF） on interference nulling subframes（INS）. Considering user association cannot be conduct frequently, we derive the long-term throughput of users over Rayleigh fading channels while previous works focused on instantaneous rate. From the perspective of the spectrum efficiency and user fairness, we formulate a long-term network-wide utility maximization problem. By decomposing the problem into two subproblems, we propose an efficient joint load balancing and interference coordination strategy. Simulation results show that our proposal can achieve good system performance gains over counterparts in term of the network utility, cell edge throughput and average throughput.

A novel power system reconfiguration for a distribution system with minimum load balancing index using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm

In this paper, the objective of minimum load balancing index （LBI） for the 16-bus distribution system is achieved using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm （BFOA）. The feeder reconfiguration problem is formulated as a non-linear optimization problem and the optimal solution is obtained using BFOA. With the proposed reconfiguration method, the radial structure of the distribution system is retained and the burden on the optimization technique is reduced. Test results are presented for the 16-bus sample network, the proposed reconfiguration method has effectively decreased the LBI, and the BFOA technique is efficient in searching for the optimal solution.