Acquired neurological injuries initiate a pathological cascade of secondary injury processes,including inflammation,which continue for days to weeks following injury.Injury-induced neuroinflammation acts as a host def...Acquired neurological injuries initiate a pathological cascade of secondary injury processes,including inflammation,which continue for days to weeks following injury.Injury-induced neuroinflammation acts as a host defense mechanism contributing to the neutralization of the insult（removing offending factors）and restoring structure and function of the brain（establish homeostasis）.The timing of these protective functions of the immune response is vital,since chronic inflammation展开更多
Cell transplantation is a potential treatment for spinal cord injury. Olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs) play an active role in the repair of spinal cord injury as a result of the dual characteristics of astrocytes and...Cell transplantation is a potential treatment for spinal cord injury. Olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs) play an active role in the repair of spinal cord injury as a result of the dual characteristics of astrocytes and Schwann cells. However, the specific mechanisms of repair remain poorly understood. In the present study, a rat model of spinal cord injury was established by transection of T10. OECs were injected into the site, 1 mm from the spinal cord stump. To a certain extent, OEC transplantation restored locomotor function in the hindlimbs of rats with spinal cord injury, but had no effect on the formation or volume of glial scars. In addition, OEC transplantation reduced the immunopositivity of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans(neural/glial antigen 2 and neurocan) and glial fibrillary acidic protein at the injury site, and increased the immunopositivity of growth-associated protein 43 and neurofilament. These findings suggest that OEC transplantation can regulate the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the spinal cord, inhibit scar formation caused by the excessive proliferation of glial cells, and increase the numbers of regenerated nerve fibers, thus promoting axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China(approval No. 2018-2048) on September 9, 2018.展开更多
The mineralocorticoid receptor（MR）,well known to be expressed in renal epithelial cells where it is important in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis,has aldosterone as one of its main agonists.Much research in the las...The mineralocorticoid receptor（MR）,well known to be expressed in renal epithelial cells where it is important in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis,has aldosterone as one of its main agonists.Much research in the last 10–15 years indicates that MRs are also expressed outside of the kidney,including in the brain,vasculature and heart,where they contribute to the pathophysiology of disease（Dinh et al.,2012;]aisser and Farman, 2016）.展开更多
Objective The 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid(ACPC) is a natural micromolecule non-protein amino acid that exists only in plants.Despite the determination of its regulating effects on plants,several bioactivities a...Objective The 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid(ACPC) is a natural micromolecule non-protein amino acid that exists only in plants.Despite the determination of its regulating effects on plants,several bioactivities and effects on animals or humans are still unclear.This review focuses the pharmaceutical effects,above all,the neuroprotective effects of ACPC on the cerebro-and cardiovascular system.Methods Two hundred and seventy nine studies were selected and identified from a total of 2457 references in Medline and Chemical Abstracts from 1957 to 2008.Only 38 articles on neuroprotective effects of ACPC from seven different countries qualified to be included in the analysis.Results ACPC has altogether following six general neuroprotective effects on the brain and nervous system:anti-neurotoxicity induced by NMDA,dynorphin-A,glutamate,and morphine;protection from cerebral neurological injury induced by ischemia;antidepressant and anxiolytic effects;anti-convulsion and-seizures and control of epilepsy;facilitation of spatial learning and memory;and the effect of reducing alcohol consumption.Conclusion ACPC has shown a variety of effects on plants and animals.The bioactivities and pharmaceutical effects on animals are of great significance to medical research and public health.Further clinical trials or epidemiological studies are needed to determine its effect in humans.Food intervention with ACPC-rich vegetables and fruits may be a suitable therapy for cerebro-and cardiovascular system diseases.Administration of trace exogenous ACPC could produce vegetables and fruits of rich endogenous ACPC.展开更多
文摘Acquired neurological injuries initiate a pathological cascade of secondary injury processes,including inflammation,which continue for days to weeks following injury.Injury-induced neuroinflammation acts as a host defense mechanism contributing to the neutralization of the insult（removing offending factors）and restoring structure and function of the brain（establish homeostasis）.The timing of these protective functions of the immune response is vital,since chronic inflammation
基金supported by Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Plan in 2018,No. 2018SF-124 (to GYW)National Key Research and Development Project of the People’s Republic of China,No. 2018YFE0114200 (to XJH)。
文摘Cell transplantation is a potential treatment for spinal cord injury. Olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs) play an active role in the repair of spinal cord injury as a result of the dual characteristics of astrocytes and Schwann cells. However, the specific mechanisms of repair remain poorly understood. In the present study, a rat model of spinal cord injury was established by transection of T10. OECs were injected into the site, 1 mm from the spinal cord stump. To a certain extent, OEC transplantation restored locomotor function in the hindlimbs of rats with spinal cord injury, but had no effect on the formation or volume of glial scars. In addition, OEC transplantation reduced the immunopositivity of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans(neural/glial antigen 2 and neurocan) and glial fibrillary acidic protein at the injury site, and increased the immunopositivity of growth-associated protein 43 and neurofilament. These findings suggest that OEC transplantation can regulate the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the spinal cord, inhibit scar formation caused by the excessive proliferation of glial cells, and increase the numbers of regenerated nerve fibers, thus promoting axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China(approval No. 2018-2048) on September 9, 2018.
基金supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australiathe Foundation for High Blood Pressure Research Australia (to SC)grants from the NHMRC and the National Heart Foundation of Australia
文摘The mineralocorticoid receptor（MR）,well known to be expressed in renal epithelial cells where it is important in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis,has aldosterone as one of its main agonists.Much research in the last 10–15 years indicates that MRs are also expressed outside of the kidney,including in the brain,vasculature and heart,where they contribute to the pathophysiology of disease（Dinh et al.,2012;]aisser and Farman, 2016）.
文摘Objective The 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid(ACPC) is a natural micromolecule non-protein amino acid that exists only in plants.Despite the determination of its regulating effects on plants,several bioactivities and effects on animals or humans are still unclear.This review focuses the pharmaceutical effects,above all,the neuroprotective effects of ACPC on the cerebro-and cardiovascular system.Methods Two hundred and seventy nine studies were selected and identified from a total of 2457 references in Medline and Chemical Abstracts from 1957 to 2008.Only 38 articles on neuroprotective effects of ACPC from seven different countries qualified to be included in the analysis.Results ACPC has altogether following six general neuroprotective effects on the brain and nervous system:anti-neurotoxicity induced by NMDA,dynorphin-A,glutamate,and morphine;protection from cerebral neurological injury induced by ischemia;antidepressant and anxiolytic effects;anti-convulsion and-seizures and control of epilepsy;facilitation of spatial learning and memory;and the effect of reducing alcohol consumption.Conclusion ACPC has shown a variety of effects on plants and animals.The bioactivities and pharmaceutical effects on animals are of great significance to medical research and public health.Further clinical trials or epidemiological studies are needed to determine its effect in humans.Food intervention with ACPC-rich vegetables and fruits may be a suitable therapy for cerebro-and cardiovascular system diseases.Administration of trace exogenous ACPC could produce vegetables and fruits of rich endogenous ACPC.
