Neuropeptides are widely distributed in vertebrates and invertebrates,regulating a variety of physiological activities in the organisms,such as metabolism,feeding and reproduction.In this study,to explore the function...Neuropeptides are widely distributed in vertebrates and invertebrates,regulating a variety of physiological activities in the organisms,such as metabolism,feeding and reproduction.In this study,to explore the function of neuropeptide LFRFamide in Sepia pharaonis,the full-length cDNA of LFRFamide-like gene(named SpLFRFL,MG869822.1)was identified with rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE)method.The sequence of SpLFRFL was 860 bp in length and encoded 188 amino acids containing 4 different mature peptides:1 copy of PHTPFRFamide,NSLFRFamide,TIFRFamide,and 3 copies of GNLFRFamide.Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis results showed that SpLFRFL shared high identity with LFRFamides of Sepia officinalis and Sepiella japonica and had the closest relationship with them.Through quantitative Real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),it was found that the SpLFRFL gene was highly expressed in the optic lobe and brain at three different stages during gonad development in both genders.Moreover,the four mature peptides at a concentration of 0.01μmol L^(−1) could inhibit the protein synthesis in the Chinese hamster ovary cell strain-K1(CHOK1)induced by SpGnRH.These data suggest that SpLFRFL might be involved in the development and reproduction of S.pharaonis.The results can contribute to future studies on neuropeptide evolution and function and benefit the cuttlefish farming.展开更多
T cells are essential for a healthy life,performing continuously:immune surveillance,recognition,protection,activation,suppression,assistance,eradication,secretion,adhesion,migration,homing,communications,and addition...T cells are essential for a healthy life,performing continuously:immune surveillance,recognition,protection,activation,suppression,assistance,eradication,secretion,adhesion,migration,homing,communications,and additional tasks.This paper describes five aspects of normal beneficial T cells in the healthy or diseased brain.First,normal beneficial T cells are essential for normal healthy brain functions:cognition,spatial learning,memory,adult neurogenesis,and neuroprotection.T cells decrease secondary neuronal degeneration,increase neuronal survival after central nervous system(CNS) injury,and limit CNS inflammation and damage upon injury and infection.Second,while pathogenic T cells contribute to CNS disorders,recent studies,mostly in animal models,show that specific subpopulations of normal beneficial T cells have protective and regenerative effects in seve ral neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.These include M ultiple Sclerosis(MS),Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS),stro ke,CNS trauma,chronic pain,and others.Both T cell-secreted molecules and direct cell-cell contacts deliver T cell neuroprotective,neuro regenerative and immunomodulato ry effects.Third,normal beneficial T cells are abnormal,impaired,and dysfunctional in aging and multiple neurological diseases.Different T cell impairments are evident in aging,brain tumors(mainly Glioblastoma),seve re viral infections(including COVID-19),chro nic stress,major depression,schizophrenia,Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,ALS,MS,stro ke,and other neuro-pathologies.The main detrimental mechanisms that impair T cell function are activation-induced cell death,exhaustion,senescence,and impaired T cell stemness.Fo urth,several physiological neurotransmitters and neuro peptides induce by themselves multiple direct,potent,beneficial,and therapeutically-relevant effects on normal human T cells,via their receptors in T cells.This scientific field is called "Nerve-Driven Immunity".The main neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that induce directly activating and beneficial effects on naive normal human T cells are:dopamine,glutamate,GnRH-Ⅱ,neuropeptide Y,calcitonin gene-related peptide,and somatostatin.Fifth, "Personalized Adoptive Neuro-Immunotherapy".This is a novel unique cellular immunotherapy,based on the "Nerve-Driven Immunity" findings,which was recently designed and patented for safe and repeated rejuvenation,activation,and improvement of impaired and dysfunctional T cells of any person in need,by ex vivo exposure of the person’s T cells to neurotransmitters and neuropeptides.Personalized adoptive neuro-immunotherapy includes an early ex vivo personalized diagnosis,and subsequent ex vivo in vivo personalized adoptive therapy,tailo red according to the diagnosis.The Personalized Adoptive Neuro-Immunotherapy has not yet been tested in humans,pending validation of safety and efficacy in clinical trials,especially in brain tumors,chronic infectious diseases,and aging,in which T cells are exhausted and/or senescent and dysfunctional.展开更多
Single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNP） of chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor （GnRHR） and neuropeptide Y （NPY） were selected to identify the genotypes of Wenchang （Chinese indigenous breed） chicken ...Single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNP） of chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor （GnRHR） and neuropeptide Y （NPY） were selected to identify the genotypes of Wenchang （Chinese indigenous breed） chicken with restricton fragment length polymorphisms. The associations of the SNPs with the total egg production （NE）, average days of continual laying （ADCL）, and number of double-yolked eggs （DYE） traits were analyzed. The frequency of restriction enzyme A/a alleles in the population was for GnRHR 0.69 （Bpu1102 Ⅰ A） and 0.31 （Bpu1102 Ⅰ a） and for NPY 0.46 （Dra Ⅰ B） and 0.54 （Dra Ⅰ b）. Trait data from a total of 120 hens, which were purebred introduced from Hainan Province, China from one generation were recorded. Two significant effects of genes＇ marker were found： for GnRHR and number of eggs （dominant; t= 2.67, df= 116） and NPY and number of eggs （additive; t= 1.97, df= 116）. The current research supports the effects of GnRHR and NPY genes on egg-laying traits of chickens.展开更多
Objective To examine the effect of neuropeptide Y （NPY） on TGF-β1 production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect TGF-β1 production. Cell counting kit 8 ...Objective To examine the effect of neuropeptide Y （NPY） on TGF-β1 production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect TGF-β1 production. Cell counting kit 8 （CCK-8） was used to assay the viability of RAW264.7 cells. Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation of PI3K p85. Results NPY treatment could promote TGF-β1 production and rapid phosphorylation of PI3K p85 in RAW264.7 cells via Y1 receptor. The elevated TGF-β 1 production induced by NPY could be abolished by wortrnannin pretreatment. Conclusion NPY may elicit TGF-β production in RAW264.7 cells via Y1 receptor, and the activated PI3K pathway may account for this effect.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper presents the polymorphism of neuropeptide Y gene （NPY） and its relationship with traits at first laying in Wen- chang chicken in order to provide information for breeding of high-yielding Wenc...[ Objective] The paper presents the polymorphism of neuropeptide Y gene （NPY） and its relationship with traits at first laying in Wen- chang chicken in order to provide information for breeding of high-yielding Wenchang chicken. [Method] The polymorphism of NPYgene at Dra I site was detected by PCR-RFLP, and the genotypes and the genetic stability were determined. The correlation between the polymorphism and traits at first laying （age, body weight and egg weight） was also analyzed. [Result] There were three kinds of genotype of NPYgene at Dra I site in Wenchang chicken, designated as AA, AB and BB; the distribution of these genotypes was consistent with the Hardy -Weinberg law; age and egg weight were not significantly different among the three genotypes （ P 〉0.05）, and body weight was extremely significantly different （ P 〈0.01 ）. [ Conclusion] The NPYgene of Wenchang chicken is in Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium at Dra I site, and its genetic polymorphism affects body weight at first laying.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the influence of central administration ofneuropeptide Y-Y5 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on body weight, fat pads of SDrats, and the effects of white adipocytes lipolysis a...Objective: To investigate the influence of central administration ofneuropeptide Y-Y5 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on body weight, fat pads of SDrats, and the effects of white adipocytes lipolysis and apoptosis. Methods: Y5 receptor antisense,sense, mismatched ODNs or vehicle was intracerebroventricularly (i. c. v.) injected. Averageadipocyte area was calculated. DNA ladders were measured to evaluate adipocyte apoptosis, and RT-PCRwas used to analyse the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax gene. Results: Central administration of Y5antisense ODNs significantly decreased body weight, and average adipocyte area. DNA fragmentationwas present after electrophoresis at epididymal adipose tissue. The expression of Bcl-2 gene wasdownregulated, while the expression of Bax upregulated. Conclusion: Lipolysis and adipocyteapoptosis may be important mechanisms far 75 antisense therapy.展开更多
Objective: To study the efficacy of antisense oligonucleotide of neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor on treating hyperleptinemia by intracerebral ventricular administration in diet-induced obese rats.Methods: The obese r...Objective: To study the efficacy of antisense oligonucleotide of neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor on treating hyperleptinemia by intracerebral ventricular administration in diet-induced obese rats.Methods: The obese rats were prepared by feeding a high-nutritive diet for 7 weeks. The lateral ventricle of obese rats was cannulated. Either 10 μl of different neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor oligodeoxynucleotide, including antisense, sense and missense oligodeoxynucleotide (5 g/L) or 10 μl saline was administered into the ventricle through cannula three times per day in every rat. Two days later the rats were slaughtered .The weights of both retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues were measured, and the serum insulin and leptin were detected by radioimmunoassay method and the murine leptin ELISA kit respectively. Results: ①The level of serum was significantly higher in experimental rats than that in normal rats. Similarly, the level of serum insulin and the weights of both retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues were increased in experimental rats. ②After the diet-induced obese rats were intraventricularly administered with NPY Y5 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, the levels of serum leptin and insulin were significantly decreased and combined with the reduction of weight in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. There was, however, no significant difference in the weight of epidymal adipose tissue between pre-treated and post-treated duration. ③There was significant positive correlation among the level of serum leptin, the level of serum insulin and the weight of retroperritoneal adipose tissue in diet-induced obese rats. Conclusion: Intracerebral ventricular administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor may alleviate hyperleptinemia in diet-induced obese rats and decrease the weight of retroperitoneal adipose tissue and the level of serum insulin.展开更多
目的探讨通调针刺法联合芪蛭三七汤治疗脑卒中后运动障碍的效果及对血清脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)、神经肽Y(neuropeptide,NPY)水平的影响。方法选取2019年9月—2022年8月医院收治的102例脑卒中后运...目的探讨通调针刺法联合芪蛭三七汤治疗脑卒中后运动障碍的效果及对血清脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)、神经肽Y(neuropeptide,NPY)水平的影响。方法选取2019年9月—2022年8月医院收治的102例脑卒中后运动障碍患者,依照随机数表法分为研究组(n=51例)和对照组(n=51例),对照组采用基础康复训练治疗,研究组另给予通调针刺法联合芪蛭三七汤治疗,比较两组患者中医症状评分,临床疗效,Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(Fugl Meyer Motor Function Assessment,FMA)评分、Berg平衡量表(Berg Balance Scale,BBS)评分、改良Barthel指数、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分,血清BDNF、NPY水平及不良反应。结果治疗后,两组患者半身不遂、偏身障碍、意识模糊、口舌歪斜、气短乏力、手足肿胀评分均降低(P<0.05),且研究组半身不遂、偏身障碍、意识模糊、口舌歪斜、气短乏力、手足肿胀评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者FMA评分和BBS评分均升高(P<0.05),且研究组更高(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者改良Barthel指数均升高(P<0.05),且研究组更高(P<0.05),两组NIHSS评分均降低(P<0.05),且研究组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组血清BDNF水平均升高(P<0.05),且研究组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组血清NPY水平均降低(P<0.05),且研究组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论通调针刺法联合芪蛭三七汤用于治疗脑卒中后运动障碍患者疗效确切,能够改善运动障碍及BDNF、NPY水平。展开更多
Neuropeptide Y （NPY） is one of the most important orexigenic agents in central regulation of feeding behavior, body weight and energy homeostasis in domestic chickens. To examine differences in the hypothalamic NPY ...Neuropeptide Y （NPY） is one of the most important orexigenic agents in central regulation of feeding behavior, body weight and energy homeostasis in domestic chickens. To examine differences in the hypothalamic NPY between layer-type and meat-type of chickens, which are two divergent kinds of the domestic chickens in feeding behavior and body weight, we detected mRNA levels of NPY in hypothalamic infundibular nucleus （IN）, paraventricular nucleus （PVN） and lateral hypothalamic area （LHA） of these two types of chickens using one-step real time RT-PCR. The meat-type chicken had more food daily （about 1.7 folds） and greater body weights （about 1.5 folds） and brain weights than the layer-type chicken at the age of 14 d. In the meat-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels of the IN and PVN were significantly greater than those of the LHA, and were not significantly different between the lN and PVN. However, in the layer-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels were significantly greater in the IN than those in the LHA and PVN, and were not significantly different between the PVN and LHA. In all these hypothalamic regions the layer-type of chicken had significantly higher NPY mRNA levels than the meat-type chicken did. These results suggest the expression of NPY in the hypothalamus has a type-dependent pattern in domestic chickens.展开更多
Neuropeptide Y receptor Y8(NPY8R)is a fish-specific receptor with two subtypes,NPY8AR and NPY8BR.Changes in expression levels during physiological processes or in vivo regulation after ventricular injection suggest th...Neuropeptide Y receptor Y8(NPY8R)is a fish-specific receptor with two subtypes,NPY8AR and NPY8BR.Changes in expression levels during physiological processes or in vivo regulation after ventricular injection suggest that NPY8BR plays an important role in feeding regulation;this has been found in only a few fish,at present.In order to better understand the physiological function of npy8br,especially in digestion,we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)technology to generate npy8br-/-japanese medaka(Oryzias latipes).We found that the deletion of npy8br in medaka larvae affected their feeding and digestion ability,ultimately affecting their growth.Specifically,npy8br deficiency in medaka larvae resulted in decreased feed intake and decreased expression levels of orexigenic genes(npy and agrp).npy8br-/-medaka larvae fed for 10 d(10th day of feeding)still had incompletely digested brine shrimp(Artemia nauplii)in the digestive tract 8 h after feeding,the messenger RNA(mRNA)expression levels of digestion-related genes(amy,lpl,ctra,and ctrb)were significantly decreased,and the activity of amylase,trypsin,and lipase also significantly decreased.The deletion of npy8br in medaka larvae inhibited the growth and significantly decreased the expression of growth-related genes(gh and igf1).Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)sections of intestinal tissue showed that npy8br-/-medaka larvae had damaged intestine,thinned intestinal wall,and shortened intestinal villi.So far,this is the first npy8br gene knockout model established in fish and the first demonstration that npy8br plays an important role in digestion.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Previous research has revealed that somatostatin can induce epilepsy, and that the levels of neuropeptide Y may increase and become more active in brain areas with epileptic seizures. OBJECTIVE： To obser...BACKGROUND： Previous research has revealed that somatostatin can induce epilepsy, and that the levels of neuropeptide Y may increase and become more active in brain areas with epileptic seizures. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of Ganoderma luciclum spore powder on the neuropeptide Y and somatostatin content in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal regions of seizure rats induced by pentylenetetrazol （PTZ）. Furthermore, to verify any effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on inhibition of epileptic seizures. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized group animal study was performed in August 2007 in the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University （Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China）. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy, male, Wistar rats, aged 12 weeks and weighing 180-220 g, were taken as the experimental animals. PTZ （Sigma Company, United States） was used to induce epilepsy. Ganoderma lucidum spores （Leyss, ex Fr variety） were purchased from Jiamusi City Wild Growing Case of the Ganoderma Lucidum （China）. Rabbit anti-somatostatin antibodies and secondary antibodies were purchased from Wuhan Boster Company （China）. Neuropeptide Y radioimmunoassay kit was purchased from Beijing Furui Biotechnology Company （China）. METHODS： Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups： a control group, an epilepsy model group and a Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated group. Each group contained 10 animals. Rats in the epilepsy model group were treated with intraperitoneal injections of PTZ and gastric perfusion of physiologic saline. In the Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated group, intraperitoneal injection of PTZ and gastric perfusion of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder were administered. The blank control group was only administered with the physiological saline by intraperitoneal injection and gastric perfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunohistochemical staining and radioimmunoassay methods were used to observe the changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y content in brain tissue of epileptic rats, as well as the morphology of neurons. RESULTS： All 30 rats were involved in the result analysis, without any loss. The number of somatostatin immunoreacted positive cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was significantly increased in the epilepsy model group compared to the blank control group （P 〈 0.01）. The number of somatostatin immunoreacted positive cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampus was significantly decreased in the Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated group compared to the epilepsy model group （P 〈 0.01）. The contents of neuropeptide Y in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were significantly increased in the epilepsy model group compared to the blank control group （P 〈 0.01）. The contents of neuropeptide Y in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were significantly decreased in the Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated group compared to the epilepsy model group （P 〈 0.05）. The epilepsy seizures in the Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated group were obviously reduced compared to the epilepsy model group. CONCLUSION： Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was able to reduce the somatostatin and neuropeptide Y content in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus effectively, so as to achieve an anti-epileptic function and protect neurons from being damaged.展开更多
BACKGROUND： It is known that acupuncture therapy can decrease plasma neuropeptide Y （NPY） levels in patients with cerebral infarction, but different types of acupuncture therapy used in various stages of cerebral i...BACKGROUND： It is known that acupuncture therapy can decrease plasma neuropeptide Y （NPY） levels in patients with cerebral infarction, but different types of acupuncture therapy used in various stages of cerebral infarction have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of acupuncture therapy on resuscitation （Xingnao Kaiqiao） and plasma NPY levels in patients with very early stage acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This case-controlled study was performed at the Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of the Chinese People＇s Armed Police Force between September 2004 and October 2005. PARTICIPANTS： Sixty patients with acute cerebral infarction of ≤ 6 hours were used in this study. Patients were randomly divided into an acupuncture therapy group （n = 30） and a routine treatment group （n = 30）. Another 30 healthy subjects were used as the control group. METHODS： The acupuncture therapy of Xingnao Kaiqiao used in the acupuncture therapy group was based on routine western medical treatment and was performed at bilateral Neiguan （PCG） using the twirling, reinforcing-reducing method, Renzhong （DU26） using heavy bird-pecking needling, Sanyinjiao （SPG） using reinforcing and reducing by lifting and thrusting the needle, Jiquan （HT1）, Weizhong （BL40） and Chize （LU5） using reinforcing and reducing by lifting and thrusting the needle. The acupuncture lasted for 14 days. Patients in the routine treatment group underwent routine medical treatment and no intervention was given to subjects in the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： A 4 mL venous blood sample was obtained at different time points, i.e., immediately after hospitalization, the next morning, 7 and 14 days after treatment, to measure plasma NPY levels pre- and post-treatment using the radio-immunity method. RESULTS： The plasma NPY levels were significantly higher in both the routine treatment group and the acupuncture therapy group than in the control group pre- and post-treatment （P 〈 0.01）. In particular, the plasma NPY levels in both the acupuncture therapy group and the routine treatment group were increased 7 days post-treatment but decreased from 7-14 days post-treatment. In addition, the plasma NPY levels were significantly lower in the acupuncture therapy group than in the routine treatment group on day 7 and 14 post-treatment （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Acupuncture therapy of Xingnao Kaiqiao can decrease plasma NPY levels in patients with very early stage acute cerebral infarction. In addition, the therapeutic effect of acupuncture with a prolonged therapy time is superior to routine treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31872547)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LY20 C190007)+1 种基金the Open Foundation from Marine Sciences in the First-Class Subjects of Zhejiang(No.OFMS004)the Excellent Postdoctoral Program of Jiangsu Province(No.314865).
文摘Neuropeptides are widely distributed in vertebrates and invertebrates,regulating a variety of physiological activities in the organisms,such as metabolism,feeding and reproduction.In this study,to explore the function of neuropeptide LFRFamide in Sepia pharaonis,the full-length cDNA of LFRFamide-like gene(named SpLFRFL,MG869822.1)was identified with rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE)method.The sequence of SpLFRFL was 860 bp in length and encoded 188 amino acids containing 4 different mature peptides:1 copy of PHTPFRFamide,NSLFRFamide,TIFRFamide,and 3 copies of GNLFRFamide.Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis results showed that SpLFRFL shared high identity with LFRFamides of Sepia officinalis and Sepiella japonica and had the closest relationship with them.Through quantitative Real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),it was found that the SpLFRFL gene was highly expressed in the optic lobe and brain at three different stages during gonad development in both genders.Moreover,the four mature peptides at a concentration of 0.01μmol L^(−1) could inhibit the protein synthesis in the Chinese hamster ovary cell strain-K1(CHOK1)induced by SpGnRH.These data suggest that SpLFRFL might be involved in the development and reproduction of S.pharaonis.The results can contribute to future studies on neuropeptide evolution and function and benefit the cuttlefish farming.
文摘T cells are essential for a healthy life,performing continuously:immune surveillance,recognition,protection,activation,suppression,assistance,eradication,secretion,adhesion,migration,homing,communications,and additional tasks.This paper describes five aspects of normal beneficial T cells in the healthy or diseased brain.First,normal beneficial T cells are essential for normal healthy brain functions:cognition,spatial learning,memory,adult neurogenesis,and neuroprotection.T cells decrease secondary neuronal degeneration,increase neuronal survival after central nervous system(CNS) injury,and limit CNS inflammation and damage upon injury and infection.Second,while pathogenic T cells contribute to CNS disorders,recent studies,mostly in animal models,show that specific subpopulations of normal beneficial T cells have protective and regenerative effects in seve ral neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.These include M ultiple Sclerosis(MS),Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis(ALS),stro ke,CNS trauma,chronic pain,and others.Both T cell-secreted molecules and direct cell-cell contacts deliver T cell neuroprotective,neuro regenerative and immunomodulato ry effects.Third,normal beneficial T cells are abnormal,impaired,and dysfunctional in aging and multiple neurological diseases.Different T cell impairments are evident in aging,brain tumors(mainly Glioblastoma),seve re viral infections(including COVID-19),chro nic stress,major depression,schizophrenia,Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,ALS,MS,stro ke,and other neuro-pathologies.The main detrimental mechanisms that impair T cell function are activation-induced cell death,exhaustion,senescence,and impaired T cell stemness.Fo urth,several physiological neurotransmitters and neuro peptides induce by themselves multiple direct,potent,beneficial,and therapeutically-relevant effects on normal human T cells,via their receptors in T cells.This scientific field is called "Nerve-Driven Immunity".The main neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that induce directly activating and beneficial effects on naive normal human T cells are:dopamine,glutamate,GnRH-Ⅱ,neuropeptide Y,calcitonin gene-related peptide,and somatostatin.Fifth, "Personalized Adoptive Neuro-Immunotherapy".This is a novel unique cellular immunotherapy,based on the "Nerve-Driven Immunity" findings,which was recently designed and patented for safe and repeated rejuvenation,activation,and improvement of impaired and dysfunctional T cells of any person in need,by ex vivo exposure of the person’s T cells to neurotransmitters and neuropeptides.Personalized adoptive neuro-immunotherapy includes an early ex vivo personalized diagnosis,and subsequent ex vivo in vivo personalized adoptive therapy,tailo red according to the diagnosis.The Personalized Adoptive Neuro-Immunotherapy has not yet been tested in humans,pending validation of safety and efficacy in clinical trials,especially in brain tumors,chronic infectious diseases,and aging,in which T cells are exhausted and/or senescent and dysfunctional.
文摘Single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNP） of chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor （GnRHR） and neuropeptide Y （NPY） were selected to identify the genotypes of Wenchang （Chinese indigenous breed） chicken with restricton fragment length polymorphisms. The associations of the SNPs with the total egg production （NE）, average days of continual laying （ADCL）, and number of double-yolked eggs （DYE） traits were analyzed. The frequency of restriction enzyme A/a alleles in the population was for GnRHR 0.69 （Bpu1102 Ⅰ A） and 0.31 （Bpu1102 Ⅰ a） and for NPY 0.46 （Dra Ⅰ B） and 0.54 （Dra Ⅰ b）. Trait data from a total of 120 hens, which were purebred introduced from Hainan Province, China from one generation were recorded. Two significant effects of genes＇ marker were found： for GnRHR and number of eggs （dominant; t= 2.67, df= 116） and NPY and number of eggs （additive; t= 1.97, df= 116）. The current research supports the effects of GnRHR and NPY genes on egg-laying traits of chickens.
文摘Objective To examine the effect of neuropeptide Y （NPY） on TGF-β1 production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect TGF-β1 production. Cell counting kit 8 （CCK-8） was used to assay the viability of RAW264.7 cells. Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation of PI3K p85. Results NPY treatment could promote TGF-β1 production and rapid phosphorylation of PI3K p85 in RAW264.7 cells via Y1 receptor. The elevated TGF-β 1 production induced by NPY could be abolished by wortrnannin pretreatment. Conclusion NPY may elicit TGF-β production in RAW264.7 cells via Y1 receptor, and the activated PI3K pathway may account for this effect.
文摘[ Objective] The paper presents the polymorphism of neuropeptide Y gene （NPY） and its relationship with traits at first laying in Wen- chang chicken in order to provide information for breeding of high-yielding Wenchang chicken. [Method] The polymorphism of NPYgene at Dra I site was detected by PCR-RFLP, and the genotypes and the genetic stability were determined. The correlation between the polymorphism and traits at first laying （age, body weight and egg weight） was also analyzed. [Result] There were three kinds of genotype of NPYgene at Dra I site in Wenchang chicken, designated as AA, AB and BB; the distribution of these genotypes was consistent with the Hardy -Weinberg law; age and egg weight were not significantly different among the three genotypes （ P 〉0.05）, and body weight was extremely significantly different （ P 〈0.01 ）. [ Conclusion] The NPYgene of Wenchang chicken is in Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium at Dra I site, and its genetic polymorphism affects body weight at first laying.
基金Supported by grant from National Natural Science Foundation (39870362)Natural Science Foundation of Education Committee of Jiangsu Province (98KJB320002).
文摘Objective: To investigate the influence of central administration ofneuropeptide Y-Y5 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on body weight, fat pads of SDrats, and the effects of white adipocytes lipolysis and apoptosis. Methods: Y5 receptor antisense,sense, mismatched ODNs or vehicle was intracerebroventricularly (i. c. v.) injected. Averageadipocyte area was calculated. DNA ladders were measured to evaluate adipocyte apoptosis, and RT-PCRwas used to analyse the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax gene. Results: Central administration of Y5antisense ODNs significantly decreased body weight, and average adipocyte area. DNA fragmentationwas present after electrophoresis at epididymal adipose tissue. The expression of Bcl-2 gene wasdownregulated, while the expression of Bax upregulated. Conclusion: Lipolysis and adipocyteapoptosis may be important mechanisms far 75 antisense therapy.
文摘Objective: To study the efficacy of antisense oligonucleotide of neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor on treating hyperleptinemia by intracerebral ventricular administration in diet-induced obese rats.Methods: The obese rats were prepared by feeding a high-nutritive diet for 7 weeks. The lateral ventricle of obese rats was cannulated. Either 10 μl of different neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor oligodeoxynucleotide, including antisense, sense and missense oligodeoxynucleotide (5 g/L) or 10 μl saline was administered into the ventricle through cannula three times per day in every rat. Two days later the rats were slaughtered .The weights of both retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues were measured, and the serum insulin and leptin were detected by radioimmunoassay method and the murine leptin ELISA kit respectively. Results: ①The level of serum was significantly higher in experimental rats than that in normal rats. Similarly, the level of serum insulin and the weights of both retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues were increased in experimental rats. ②After the diet-induced obese rats were intraventricularly administered with NPY Y5 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, the levels of serum leptin and insulin were significantly decreased and combined with the reduction of weight in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. There was, however, no significant difference in the weight of epidymal adipose tissue between pre-treated and post-treated duration. ③There was significant positive correlation among the level of serum leptin, the level of serum insulin and the weight of retroperritoneal adipose tissue in diet-induced obese rats. Conclusion: Intracerebral ventricular administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor may alleviate hyperleptinemia in diet-induced obese rats and decrease the weight of retroperitoneal adipose tissue and the level of serum insulin.
文摘目的探讨通调针刺法联合芪蛭三七汤治疗脑卒中后运动障碍的效果及对血清脑源性神经营养因子(brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)、神经肽Y(neuropeptide,NPY)水平的影响。方法选取2019年9月—2022年8月医院收治的102例脑卒中后运动障碍患者,依照随机数表法分为研究组(n=51例)和对照组(n=51例),对照组采用基础康复训练治疗,研究组另给予通调针刺法联合芪蛭三七汤治疗,比较两组患者中医症状评分,临床疗效,Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(Fugl Meyer Motor Function Assessment,FMA)评分、Berg平衡量表(Berg Balance Scale,BBS)评分、改良Barthel指数、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分,血清BDNF、NPY水平及不良反应。结果治疗后,两组患者半身不遂、偏身障碍、意识模糊、口舌歪斜、气短乏力、手足肿胀评分均降低(P<0.05),且研究组半身不遂、偏身障碍、意识模糊、口舌歪斜、气短乏力、手足肿胀评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);研究组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者FMA评分和BBS评分均升高(P<0.05),且研究组更高(P<0.05);治疗后,两组患者改良Barthel指数均升高(P<0.05),且研究组更高(P<0.05),两组NIHSS评分均降低(P<0.05),且研究组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组血清BDNF水平均升高(P<0.05),且研究组更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组血清NPY水平均降低(P<0.05),且研究组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论通调针刺法联合芪蛭三七汤用于治疗脑卒中后运动障碍患者疗效确切,能够改善运动障碍及BDNF、NPY水平。
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of ZhejiangProvince (No. Y306220)the Scientific Research Startup Fund ofZhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
文摘Neuropeptide Y （NPY） is one of the most important orexigenic agents in central regulation of feeding behavior, body weight and energy homeostasis in domestic chickens. To examine differences in the hypothalamic NPY between layer-type and meat-type of chickens, which are two divergent kinds of the domestic chickens in feeding behavior and body weight, we detected mRNA levels of NPY in hypothalamic infundibular nucleus （IN）, paraventricular nucleus （PVN） and lateral hypothalamic area （LHA） of these two types of chickens using one-step real time RT-PCR. The meat-type chicken had more food daily （about 1.7 folds） and greater body weights （about 1.5 folds） and brain weights than the layer-type chicken at the age of 14 d. In the meat-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels of the IN and PVN were significantly greater than those of the LHA, and were not significantly different between the lN and PVN. However, in the layer-type of chicken, NPY mRNA levels were significantly greater in the IN than those in the LHA and PVN, and were not significantly different between the PVN and LHA. In all these hypothalamic regions the layer-type of chicken had significantly higher NPY mRNA levels than the meat-type chicken did. These results suggest the expression of NPY in the hypothalamus has a type-dependent pattern in domestic chickens.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972809)the Key Research&Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2022BBA0051),China.
文摘Neuropeptide Y receptor Y8(NPY8R)is a fish-specific receptor with two subtypes,NPY8AR and NPY8BR.Changes in expression levels during physiological processes or in vivo regulation after ventricular injection suggest that NPY8BR plays an important role in feeding regulation;this has been found in only a few fish,at present.In order to better understand the physiological function of npy8br,especially in digestion,we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)technology to generate npy8br-/-japanese medaka(Oryzias latipes).We found that the deletion of npy8br in medaka larvae affected their feeding and digestion ability,ultimately affecting their growth.Specifically,npy8br deficiency in medaka larvae resulted in decreased feed intake and decreased expression levels of orexigenic genes(npy and agrp).npy8br-/-medaka larvae fed for 10 d(10th day of feeding)still had incompletely digested brine shrimp(Artemia nauplii)in the digestive tract 8 h after feeding,the messenger RNA(mRNA)expression levels of digestion-related genes(amy,lpl,ctra,and ctrb)were significantly decreased,and the activity of amylase,trypsin,and lipase also significantly decreased.The deletion of npy8br in medaka larvae inhibited the growth and significantly decreased the expression of growth-related genes(gh and igf1).Hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)sections of intestinal tissue showed that npy8br-/-medaka larvae had damaged intestine,thinned intestinal wall,and shortened intestinal villi.So far,this is the first npy8br gene knockout model established in fish and the first demonstration that npy8br plays an important role in digestion.
基金Science and Technology Research Projects of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department, No. 11521276
文摘BACKGROUND： Previous research has revealed that somatostatin can induce epilepsy, and that the levels of neuropeptide Y may increase and become more active in brain areas with epileptic seizures. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of Ganoderma luciclum spore powder on the neuropeptide Y and somatostatin content in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal regions of seizure rats induced by pentylenetetrazol （PTZ）. Furthermore, to verify any effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder on inhibition of epileptic seizures. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized group animal study was performed in August 2007 in the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University （Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China）. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy, male, Wistar rats, aged 12 weeks and weighing 180-220 g, were taken as the experimental animals. PTZ （Sigma Company, United States） was used to induce epilepsy. Ganoderma lucidum spores （Leyss, ex Fr variety） were purchased from Jiamusi City Wild Growing Case of the Ganoderma Lucidum （China）. Rabbit anti-somatostatin antibodies and secondary antibodies were purchased from Wuhan Boster Company （China）. Neuropeptide Y radioimmunoassay kit was purchased from Beijing Furui Biotechnology Company （China）. METHODS： Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups： a control group, an epilepsy model group and a Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated group. Each group contained 10 animals. Rats in the epilepsy model group were treated with intraperitoneal injections of PTZ and gastric perfusion of physiologic saline. In the Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated group, intraperitoneal injection of PTZ and gastric perfusion of Ganoderma lucidum spore powder were administered. The blank control group was only administered with the physiological saline by intraperitoneal injection and gastric perfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunohistochemical staining and radioimmunoassay methods were used to observe the changes of somatostatin and neuropeptide Y content in brain tissue of epileptic rats, as well as the morphology of neurons. RESULTS： All 30 rats were involved in the result analysis, without any loss. The number of somatostatin immunoreacted positive cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was significantly increased in the epilepsy model group compared to the blank control group （P 〈 0.01）. The number of somatostatin immunoreacted positive cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampus was significantly decreased in the Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated group compared to the epilepsy model group （P 〈 0.01）. The contents of neuropeptide Y in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were significantly increased in the epilepsy model group compared to the blank control group （P 〈 0.01）. The contents of neuropeptide Y in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were significantly decreased in the Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated group compared to the epilepsy model group （P 〈 0.05）. The epilepsy seizures in the Ganoderma lucidum spore-treated group were obviously reduced compared to the epilepsy model group. CONCLUSION： Ganoderma lucidum spore powder was able to reduce the somatostatin and neuropeptide Y content in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus effectively, so as to achieve an anti-epileptic function and protect neurons from being damaged.
文摘BACKGROUND： It is known that acupuncture therapy can decrease plasma neuropeptide Y （NPY） levels in patients with cerebral infarction, but different types of acupuncture therapy used in various stages of cerebral infarction have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE： To explore the effect of acupuncture therapy on resuscitation （Xingnao Kaiqiao） and plasma NPY levels in patients with very early stage acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This case-controlled study was performed at the Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of the Chinese People＇s Armed Police Force between September 2004 and October 2005. PARTICIPANTS： Sixty patients with acute cerebral infarction of ≤ 6 hours were used in this study. Patients were randomly divided into an acupuncture therapy group （n = 30） and a routine treatment group （n = 30）. Another 30 healthy subjects were used as the control group. METHODS： The acupuncture therapy of Xingnao Kaiqiao used in the acupuncture therapy group was based on routine western medical treatment and was performed at bilateral Neiguan （PCG） using the twirling, reinforcing-reducing method, Renzhong （DU26） using heavy bird-pecking needling, Sanyinjiao （SPG） using reinforcing and reducing by lifting and thrusting the needle, Jiquan （HT1）, Weizhong （BL40） and Chize （LU5） using reinforcing and reducing by lifting and thrusting the needle. The acupuncture lasted for 14 days. Patients in the routine treatment group underwent routine medical treatment and no intervention was given to subjects in the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： A 4 mL venous blood sample was obtained at different time points, i.e., immediately after hospitalization, the next morning, 7 and 14 days after treatment, to measure plasma NPY levels pre- and post-treatment using the radio-immunity method. RESULTS： The plasma NPY levels were significantly higher in both the routine treatment group and the acupuncture therapy group than in the control group pre- and post-treatment （P 〈 0.01）. In particular, the plasma NPY levels in both the acupuncture therapy group and the routine treatment group were increased 7 days post-treatment but decreased from 7-14 days post-treatment. In addition, the plasma NPY levels were significantly lower in the acupuncture therapy group than in the routine treatment group on day 7 and 14 post-treatment （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Acupuncture therapy of Xingnao Kaiqiao can decrease plasma NPY levels in patients with very early stage acute cerebral infarction. In addition, the therapeutic effect of acupuncture with a prolonged therapy time is superior to routine treatment.
