Relationship between serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels and cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in acute ischemic stroke

BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)is a significant global health issue with increasing incidence owing to aging populations and rising cardiovascular risk factors.In addition to physical impairments,AIS frequently leads to neuropsychiatric co-mplications,such as cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms,which adversely affect patients’quality of life and rehabilitation.Neutrophil ge-latinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)has emerged as a potential biomarker for various conditions,including AIS.This study investigated the association bet-ween serum NGAL levels at admission and neuropsychiatric complications in patients with AIS.neuropsychiatric complications in patients with AIS.METHODS Between January 2022 and December 2023,150 patients with AIS were enrolled.Serum NGAL levels were measured at admission using an enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay.Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination,while anxiety and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at discharge.The relationship between serum NGAL levels and cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression,adjusted for potential con-founders of age,sex,body mass index,smoking status,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,previous stroke,and stroke severity.RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 65.4±10.2 years,and 58%were males.Prevalence rates of cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms at discharge were 34.7%,28.0%,and 32.0%,respectively.Serum NGAL levels were significantly higher in patients with cognitive impairment(median:5.6 ng/mL vs 3.2 ng/mL,P<0.001),anxiety(median:5.1 ng/mL vs 3.5 ng/mL,P=0.002),and depressive symptoms(median:5.4 ng/mL vs 3.3 ng/mL,P<0.001),compared to those without these conditions.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher serum NGAL levels at admission were independently associated with cognitive impairment[odds ratio(OR)=1.42,95%confidence interval(CI):1.18-1.71,P<0.001],anxiety(OR=1.28,95%CI:1.09-1.51,P=0.003),and depressive symptoms(OR=1.39,95%CI:1.16-1.67,P<0.001)after adjusting for potential confounders.CONCLUSION Elevated serum NGAL levels were independently associated with cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms in patients with AIS;and may function as potential biomarkers for patients at risk.

Reliability of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in detecting acute tubular necrosis in decompensated cirrhosis:Systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury(AKI)in cirrhosis is common.The diagnosis of AKI in cirrhosis patients depends on clinical presentation and laboratory tests like serum creatinine.However,urine biomarkers could also be used to assess the type of AKI and the severity of the disease.We performed a systematic review with metaanalysis to evaluate the association with urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)marker in identifying acute tubular necrosis(ATN)in patients with cirrhosis.AIM To assess the reliability of urine NGAL in the detection of ATN in patients with cirrhosis.METHODS We systematically searched MEDLINE and PubMed using keywords including“urine biomarkers”,“NGAL”,“kidney dysfunction”,and“cirrhosis”to identify relevant studies.Data was screened and extracted.Included studies assessed hospitalized cirrhosis patients with AKI using the urine NGAL biomarker.We synthesized the data using diagnostic odds ratio(DOR),comparative and descriptive analyses,and Cochran Mantel-Haenszel(CMH)statistics to evaluate heterogeneity.RESULTS Three thousand seven hundred and one patients with cirrhosis were analyzed from a total of 21 cohort studies.The DOR of 14 of those studies[pooled DOR:22.150,(95%CI:17.58-27.89),P<0.0001]demonstrated a significant association between urine NGAL levels and its identification of ATN.Following stratification by cirrhosis status,heterogeneity was analyzed and showed a significant non-zero correlation between NGAL and AKI(CMH statistic=702.19,P<0.0001).CONCLUSION In patients with cirrhosis,the use of urine NGAL is a reliable biomarker for detecting ATN and identifying the etiology of AKI.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,kidney injury molecule-1,and periostin:Novel urinary biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy

BACKGROUND Globally,diabetic nephropathy(DN)is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease.Currently,renal function is monitored indirectly using measures of serum creatinine,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),and proteinuria.Novel urinary biomarkers utilized in the early stages of DN have been described;these indicators can be used in the early identification of the disease,which is important for initiating treatment to halt or impediment the advance of diabetic nephropathy.AIM To estimate neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL),kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),and periostin(POSTN)levels as novel urinary biomarkers in DN.METHODS In this hospital based cross-sectional study,a total of 160 patients of both genders aged 18 years or more;40 healthy participants and 120 patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)were included.Patients with DM were divided into normoalbuminuria(n=40),microalbuminuria(n=40),and macroalbuminuria(n=40)groups as per urine albumin creatinine ratio(uACR).Blood urea,serum creatinine,uACR were measured.Urine NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The eGFR was calculated and compared with urinary markers.RESULTS NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN levels increased significantly in normo,micro,and macroalbuminuria with the highest in the macroalbuminuria group.Albumin creatinine ratio(ACR)showed a positive correlation with NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN levels.The eGFR showed a weak negative correlation with ACR,NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN.NGAL was significantly lower in stage 1 compared to stage 2,3,and 4 kidney disease.KIM-1 was significantly decreased in stage 1 compared to stage 4 kidney disease.POSTN was significantly decreased in stage 1 compared to stage 3 and 4 kidney disease.The receiver operator curve analysis of ACR,NGAL,KIM-1,and POSTN showed good sensitivity of 80%,75.8%,63.3%,and 80%respectively with a cut-off of 12.5 mg/g,4.5μg/L,1.5 ng/mL,and 37.5 ng/mL.CONCLUSION Urinary NGAL and POSTN are independent markers of DN.

Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin(NGAL)Is Elevated in Patients with Asthma and Airway Obstruction

Neutrophilic airway inflammation is one of the features of severe asthma.Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL),or lipocalin-2,is a glycoprotein associated with neutrophilic inflammation and can be detected in blood.Recently,blood NGAL levels have been reported to be elevated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.However,the clinical significance of serum NGAL levels in patients with asthma has not been elucidated.The aim of this study was to explore the association between serum NGAL level and clinical parameters in patients with asthma.Sixty.one non-smoking people with stable asthma were enrolled in this study.All patients underwent blood ollction and pulmonary function tests.The associations between serum NGAL levels and clinical parameters were analyzed retrospectively.Serum NGAL levels in patients with asthma and obstructive ventilatory defect were higher than those in patients with asthma without obstructive ventilatory defect(76.4±51.4 ng/mL vs.39.3±27.4 ng/mL,P=0.0019).Serum NGAL levels were correlated with forced expired flow at 50%of vital capacity%predicted and forced expired flow at 75%of vital capacity%predicted(r=-0.3373,P=0.0078 and r=0.2900,P=0.0234,respectively).Results of a multiple regression analysis demonstrated that serum NGAL level was independently associated with obstructive ventilatory defect.Serum NGAL levels were elevated in patients with asthma and obstructive ventilatory defect.NGAL may be involved in airway remodeling possibly mediated by neutrophilic inflammation in asthma.

The Differences of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) Levels between Asphyxiated and Non-Asphyxiated Neonates

Objective: To evaluate the differences of urinary NGAL levels between asphyxiated and non-as- phyxiated neonates. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational analytic study, including 34 newborns in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Sample collection was conducted from December 2014 to March 2015. Urine NGAL levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) technique. To determine the differences of urinary NGAL levels between asphyxiated and non-asphyxiated group we used Mann-Whitney U test, and to determine the differences of gestational age and birth weight between these two groups we used Fisher’s exact test. Results: Twenty males (60%) and 14 females (40%) neonates participated in the study. From 34 subjects, 17 neonates were diagnosed with asphyxia and 17 neonates without asphyxia. The results showed that urine NGAL levels had significantly increased in asphyxiated neonates. The median urine NGAL level in asphyxiated group is 95% CI: 506.7 (60.0 - 651.7) ng/mL, while the median urine NGAL level in non-asphyxiated group is 95% CI: 6.7 (0.1 - 53.0) ng/mL. Statistically, there were significant urine NGAL levels differences between asphyxiated and non-asphyxi- ated neonates (p < 0.001). There were no differences in gestational age and birth weight between asphyxiated and non-asphyxiated neonates (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Urinary NGAL levels in asphyxiated neonates were significantly higher than those in non-asphyxiated neonates. There were significant differences of urine NGAL levels between the groups.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin does not predict acute kidney injury in heart failure

BACKGROUND Acute cardiorenal syndrome type 1(CRS-1)is defined by a rapid cardiac dysfunction leading to acute kidney injury(AKI).Neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin(NGAL)is expressed on the surface of human neutrophils and epithelial cells,such as renal tubule cells,and its serum(sNGAL)and urinary have been used to predict AKI in different clinical settings.AIM To characterize CRS-1 in a cohort of patients with acute heart diseases,evaluating the potentiality of sNGAL as an early marker of CRS-1.METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort,multi-centre study.From January 2010 to December 2011,we recruited 202 adult patients admitted to the coronary intensive care unit(CICU)with a diagnosis of acute heart failure or acute coronary syndrome.We monitored the renal function to evaluate CRS-1 development and measured sNGAL levels within 24 h and after 72 h of CICU admission.RESULTS Overall,enrolled patients were hemodynamically stable with a mean arterial pressure of 92(82-107)mmHg,55/202(27.2%)of the patients developed CRS-1,but none of them required dialysis.Neither the NGAL delta value(AUC 0.40,95%CI:0.25-0.55)nor the NGAL peak(AUC 0.45,95%CI:0.36-0.54)or NGAL cutoff(≥140 ng/mL)values were statistically significant between the two groups(CRS-1 vs no-CRS1 patients).The area under the ROC curve for the prediction of CRS-1 was 0.40(95%CI:0.25-0.55)for the delta NGAL value and 0.45(95%CI:0.36-0.54)for the NGAL peak value.Finally,in multivariate analysis,the risk of developing CRS-1 was correlated with age>60 years,urea nitrogen at admission and 24 h-urine output(AUC 0.83,SE=60.5%SP=93%),while sNGAL was not significantly correlated.CONCLUSION In our population,sNGAL does not predict CRS-1,probably as a consequence of the mild renal injury and the low severity of heart disease.So,these data might suggest that patient selection should be taken into account when considering the utility of NGAL measurement as a biomarker of kidney damage.

Combination of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are biomarkers for the detection of colon tubular adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon,which originates from the epithelium of the glands,is a major health concern worldwide.However,it is difficult to detect at an early stage.The lack of biomarkers is a main barrier to the diagnosis and treatment of tubular adenocarcinoma.Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)is a secreted protein that induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and is involved in various tumors.NGAL and MMP-9 have been reported to be associated with tumorigenesis and development.They may have potential as biomarkers for diagnosis of tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon.AIM To determine whether NGAL and MMP-9 can be used as potential biomarkers to indicate the progression of tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon.METHODS Samples were collected from surgically excised tissue from various patients.The content of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide(pro-GRP)in the serum was measured by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.The expression patterns of NGAL and MMP-9 and the relationship between NGAL and MMP-9 were examined by quantitative real-time PCR,Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis.RESULTS In this study,we found that NGAL and MMP-9 can be used as biomarkers for the detection of tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon and that their combination improved diagnostic accuracy.By analyzing the expression of NGAL in tubular adenocarcinoma at different levels,we found that NGAL expression was significantly upregulated in primary tubular adenocarcinoma tissues compared with normal tissues.The upregulation of NGAL expression was strongly correlated with both the degree of differentiation and the disease stage(I–III),indicating that NGAL could serve as a diagnostic biomarker for tubular adenocarcinoma.When using NGAL as a biomarker for diagnosis,the accuracy was similar to that achieved with the widely used biomarker pro-GRP,suggesting that NGAL is reliable.Moreover,the expression of MMP-9 was also strongly correlated with the differentiation stage,demonstrating that MMP-9 could be used as a biomarker to indicate the progression of tubular adenocarcinoma of the colon.More importantly,the combination of NGAL and MMP-9 produced a more accurate diagnosis of tubular adenocarcinoma,and these results were further confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue sections.CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that both NGAL and MMP-9 can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis of colon tubular adenocarcinoma and that the results could be further improved by combining them.

Evaluation of Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content and Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Predictive Biomarkers of Anemia in Children on Hemodialysis

Background: Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia with currently available tests is rendered difficult in hemodialysis patients. The aim: To investigate the role of reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content (CHr) in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in hemodialysis children in comparison to the used traditional markers and assess the impressiveness and the utility of Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as a novel biomarker of iron status in those patients. Methods: This study investigated CHr in addition to NGAL serum level in the same line with traditional markers for anemia, including: CBC, serum iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation (TSAT%). Results: It is more significant that CHr content in hemodialysis children is lower than their controls as they are (27.06 ± 2.90) pg and (32.86 ± 3.59) pg, respectively, p = 0.01. There is no significant difference regarding NGAL between the study groups. Significant negative correlation between CHr with ferritin, urea, creatinine, and positively correlated with iron and RBCS. CHr showed a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 86.67% to detect iron-deficiency anemia with a cut-off value of 27 pg. Conclusion: CHr is superior to ferritin and TSAT % for the early diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in hemodialysis children;our results do not support NGAL as a marker of anemia in hemodialysis patients.

Study of Lipocalin-2 Associated with Neutrophilic Gelatinases (uNGAL) in the Urine in Children with the Microbial Inflammatory Diseases of Kidneys and Urinary Tract

Purpose of the study: Research of the clinical and diagnostic significance of determination of Lipocalin-2 associated with neutrophilic gelatinases (uNGAL) in the urine of children with urinary tract infection (UTI) and pyelonephritis. Materials and methods: We examined 30 children with acute pyelonephritis and UTI aged 1 to 16 years (average age 7.32 ± 4.52) including 26 girls and 4 boys. Verification of the diagnosis was conducted on the basis of clinical and laboratory data, medical history and instrumental examination of patients. All children were divided into 2 groups: 1st group—15 children with acute pyelonephritis, 2nd group—15 children with urinary tract infection. uNGAL was measured in the urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EISA) (BioVendor Laboratoty Medicine). Results: It is found, that the urine level of NGAL depends on the damage degree of renal parenchyma. The correlation of medium strength was found between the excretion level of uNGAL during the acute period of pyelonephritis and the detection of renal scars according to the DMSA-nephroscintigraphy data. In the group of children with the acute pyelonephritis the direct correlation of medium strength was found between the excretion level of uNGAL/creatinine and leukocytosis value and also with the CRP blood level. Conclusion: The results allow us to recommend the determination of the excretion level of uNGAL/creatinine as an additional non-invasive marker for the early detection of renal parenchyma injury.

Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin as a Marker of Tubular Damage in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and without Albuminuria

Background: Neuttrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) was shown to be a good marker for predicting acute kidney injury (AKI). Some recent reports demonstrated that NGAL may be an early biomarker for kidney affection in diabetic patients. The aim of this work is to investigate urinary NGAL (UNGAL) in type 2 diabetic patients with and without albuminuria. Methods: This study included 46 type 2 diabetic patients and 15 healthy age and sex matched individuals as the control group. Diabetic patients were divided into three groups according to urinary albumin excretion (UAE), normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. UNGAL was measured in all populations and corrected to urinary creatinine to account for day to day variation in urine volume and transformed log. Comparison between 4 groups (control, normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria) was done. Results: Log UNGAL/Creatinine ratio showed significant difference when comparing control group (0.70 ± 0.58) versus normoalbuminuria (1.71 ± 1.06), microalbuminuria (1.57 ± 0.72) and macroalbuminuria (1.92 ± 0.63), however, there was no significant difference among diabetic groups. Pearson’s correlation showed that log UNGAL/Creatinine ratio positively correlated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and inversely with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Regression analysis showed that HbA1c, urinary creatinine and eGFR were the independent predictors of log UNGAL/Creatinine ratio. Conclusion: Tubular markers like UNGAL may be early elevated in type 2 diabetic patients even before the incidence of glomerular injury detected by microalbuminuria and it can be used as an early marker for detection of kidney involvement in diabetic patients.

Correlation between Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin and Burn Severity: A Pilot Study

The severity of an initial burn injury is critical for determining the treatment plan and prognosis of burn patients. Here, we measured serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels to determine whether NGAL can be used as a biomarker for severity of burn injuries. A study of the demographic, clinical, and laboratory markers for various organ damage was performed at Bestian Burn Center (n = 10 healthy people, n = 31 patients). NGAL and organ damage marker levels were measured in 31 patients with severe burns within 2 - 3 days following their admission to the intensive care unit. Serum NGAL level of the expired patients was 788.5 (685.0 - 998.0) pg/mL, whereas that of the discharged patients was 421.2 (356.2 - 480.6) pg/mL, showing that the initial serum NGAL level can be used to estimate mortality. We also determined the correlation between serum NGAL level and the currently used severity markers (total body surface area burned and abbreviated burn severity index) and confirmed that serum NGAL level could be used as a severity marker. We also found that serum NGAL level was correlated with damage of organs such as the liver, kidney, heart, and respiratory organs in patients with severe burns.

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)and serum cystatin C measurements for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in children admitted to PICU

Background Acute kidney injury(AKI)is common in critically ill children with significant mortality and morbidity.Serum creatinine is an insensitive and late biomarker compared to newly proposed AKI biomarkers.Methods Prospective study in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU)over three months to compare between serum cystatin-C(s-Cys-C)and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(uNGAL)as AKI biomarkers at multiple time points with pediatric risk,injury,failure,loss,end-stage renal disease(pRIFLE)classification in diagnosing AKI.Results Forty children were recruited.Of these 40 children,22 developed AKI according to pRIFLE criteria.There was no significant difference between AKI and non-AKI in age(P=0.29).Post cardiac surgery,renal insult was the main cause of AKI(27.3%).There was a twofold increased risk of incident AKI in those patients with high baseline uNGAL at PICU admission and almost a fourfold increased risk in patients with high baseline s-Cys-C at PICU admission.uNGAL levels were highly predictive of AKI during the follow-up period[area under the curve(AUC)=0.76,95%confidence interval(CI)0.61-0.92].The cutoff point with the highest correctly classified proportion was 223 ng/mL(≥12 centiles)which correctly predict 80.0%patients with AKI,with a corresponding sensitivity of 72.7%and a specificity of 89.9%.AUC for s-Cys-C was 0.86(95%CI 0.75-0.97),and the highest correctly classified proportion was 1009μg/L(≥13 centiles);75%of patients with AKI,with a corresponding sensitivity of 63.6%and a specificity of 88.9%.Conclusion uNGAL and s-Cys-C predicts AKI early in critically ill children.

NGAL基因在永生化食管上皮细胞恶性转化中过表达的研究

为研究NGAL (neutrophilgelatinase associatedlipocalin)基因在永生化食管上皮细胞恶性转化中的表达情况 ,以永生化食管上皮细胞系SHEE和食管癌细胞系SHEEC互为对照 ,用cDNA微列阵进行筛选 ,用RNA印迹和RT PCR进行鉴定 ,cDNA克隆测序后与GenBank进行BLAST分析比较 .结果表明NGAL基因在SHEEC中出现显著差异过表达 ,其cDNA序列与小鼠 2 4p3、大鼠NRL (neu relatedlipocalin)、人中性粒细胞NGAL和卵巢癌NGAL具有较高的相似性 .这提示NGAL基因在永生化食管上皮细胞恶性转化中可能发挥着重要作用 。

连续性肾脏替代治疗对脓毒症急性肾损伤患者NGAL的表达影响及其机制探讨

目的通过观察连续性肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）对脓毒症急性肾损伤（AKI）患者中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）表达水平的影响，探讨CRRT疗效评价方法及其可能的机制。方法ICU确诊脓毒症AKI患者38例，分为常规药物治疗组（A组，n=17）和CRRT组（B组，n=21）。两组患者均在确诊脓毒症AKI后立即予以规范的抗脓毒症治疗（按2008SSC标准），B组在规范治疗的基础上同步行CRRT24h。两组均监测治疗0h、12h、24h及48h血肌酐（sCr）、血NGAL（sNGAL）、尿NGAL（uNGAL）水平，同时监测B组CRRT废液中NGAL的表达水平。记录28d病死率。选取20例健康志愿者作对照（c组，n=20）。结果A组sNGAL水平在治疗后12h、24h、48h均显著高于治疗前（P均〈0．05），而B组治疗前后改变不明显（P〉0．05）；A组治疗前后uNGAL水平改变不明显（P〉0．05），B组在CRRT治疗后uNGAL水平24h、48h较治疗前显著下降（P〈0．05）；B组sNGAL、uNGAL水平在治疗后12h、24h、48h均显著低于A组同期水平（P均〈0．05）；B组超滤液中未检测到NGAI。表达；A组28d病死率显著高于B组（P〈0．05）；A、B两组sNGAL、uNGAL的表达水平在治疗前后均显著高于C组（P〈0．05）。结论CRRT能降低uNGAL的表达，改善AKI预后，但并非通过直接清除血浆NGAL途径。uNGAL水平可作为CRRT疗效判断的可靠指标。

CysC、NGAL和IL-18对肾病综合征所致急性肾损伤的诊断价值

目的探讨血清胱抑素C(Cys C)和尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)对原发性肾病综合征(PNS)导致的急性肾损伤(AKI)的诊断价值。方法收集我院PNS患者60例,其中PNS未并发AKI(非AKI组)患者38例,PNS并发AKI患者(AKI组)22例。检测血清Cys C、血肌酐、尿素氮、血脂、白蛋白、24 h尿蛋白定量水平,采用ELISA方法检测尿NGAL和IL-18水平。结果 AKI组血清Cys C、尿NGAL和IL-18显著高于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义。AKI组血Cys C、尿NGAL和IL-18与肌酐呈正相关,与eGFR呈负相关。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示血Cys C、尿NGAL和IL-18升高是PNS并发AKI的独立危险因素。结论血清Cys C、尿NGAL和IL-18对诊断PNS导致的AKI有较高的准确性。

血、尿NGAL与IgA肾病临床与病理的相关性研究

目的:探讨血、尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床与病理表现的关系。方法:选择初次诊治经肾活检病理检查确诊为IgAN且未经激素或免疫抑制剂治疗的患者40例,同时选择10例健康体检者作为对照。收集临床和病理资料,应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血、尿NGAL水平,并分别用IgAN牛津分型和Katafuchi半定量标准对病理进行评分。分析血、尿NGAL与IgAN患者临床及病理指标的相关性。结果:血、尿NGAL反映IgAN肾功能情况较血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)更敏感,与高血压、Scr、BUN、牛津分型的系膜增殖积分(M)、间质纤维化或小管萎缩(T)以及Katafuchi分型的系膜增殖、局灶节段病变、球性硬化、炎细胞浸润、间质纤维化、肾小管萎缩、血管壁增厚、小动脉玻变等多个指标相关性分析差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,部分P<0.01),尤其与肾小管间质损伤各项指标(炎细胞浸润、间质纤维化、肾小管萎缩)显著相关(r均>0.6,P<0.01)。ROC曲线表明血、尿NGAL在IgAN中反映小管间质病变程度方面明显优于Scr和肾小球滤过率(eGFR),血NGAL在反映小管间质病变程度方面比尿NGAL敏感度和特异度更高。结论:血、尿NGAL水平与IgA肾病临床及病理多个指标相关,更能反映肾小管间质损伤程度,可以作为评估IgA肾病小管间质病变的早期无创性指标。

NGAL和KIM-1检测在儿童脓毒症合并急性肾损伤中的诊断价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL)和肾损伤因子1(kidney injury molecule 1,KIM-1)的检测在脓毒症合并急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)患儿诊疗过程中的临床应用价值。方法采用病例对照研究,按照纳入标准选取2019年1—12月入住复旦大学附属儿科医院PICU的脓毒症患儿82例,按照排除标准去除13例。按入院后是否发生AKI分为脓毒症AKI组28例和脓毒症非AKI组41例。脓毒症AKI组患儿根据治疗过程中是否进行连续性肾脏替代治疗(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)分为脓毒症AKI-CRRT组和脓毒症AKI-非CRRT组。检测脓毒症AKI和非AKI患儿住院后0 h、24 h和72 h的血NGAL、KIM-1、肌酐、胱抑素C(cystatin C,CysC)和视黄醇结合蛋白(retinol-binding protein,RBP)水平,同时监测24 h和72 h的尿量。用非参数检验统计方法分析数据,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析NGAL、KIM-1、肌酐、尿量、CysC、RBP对脓毒症并发AKI的诊断价值。结果脓毒症AKI组患儿的NGAL、KIM-1、肌酐、CysC水平在0 h、24 h、72 h时均显著高于脓毒症非AKI组(P<0.05)。脓毒症AKI-CRRT组和非CRRT组各时点NGAL、肌酐的水平均高于脓毒症非AKI组(P<0.05)。KIM-1、CysC、RBP、尿量在24 h和72 h时,脓毒症AKI患儿较非AKI患儿有明显差异(P<0.05)。ROC曲线比较显示:脓毒症AKICRRT组和非CRRT组0 h时NGAL的AUC面积均最大(分别为0.907和0.951)、灵敏度最高(分别为92%和100%)。脓毒症AKI-CRTT组患儿的肌酐水平在72 h时呈现下降,并且较24 h时肌酐的AUC面积减小、敏感度和特异性均降低(P<0.05);NGAL和KIM-1水平在24 h显著升高后,至72 h仍维持在较高水平,且NGAL在3个时点、KIM-1在后2个时点均维持良好的诊断效能。结论NGAL灵敏度较高,可在早期提示AKI的发生。在血液净化的治疗过程中NGAL、KIM-1受干扰因素较少,可为AKI患儿肾功能真实水平的评估提供参考。

NGAL在急性肾损伤早期临床诊断中的作用

血肌酐和尿量是急性肾损伤（AKI）诊断的检测指标，也是目前AKI分级的依据。但两者均会受到多种因素影响，且不能早期及时反映肾脏功能。流行病学调查显示，由于AKI缺乏特异性的早期临床诊断指标，易导致其诊治的延误，从而使AKI的发病率、病死率居高不下。中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）是脂质运载蛋白家族的新成员，研究表明，其是一种新型的AKI临床诊断的标志物，正越来越受到关注。本文现就NGAL在AKI早期临床诊断中的作用研究近况作一综述。

血清UCH-L1与NGAL对重度脑损伤患者的病情及短期预后的评估价值

目的分析血清泛素羧基末端水解酶L1(UCH-L1)与中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)水平对评估重度脑损伤(SBI)患者病情与预后结局的临床价值。方法选择我院就诊的88例脑损伤患者作为研究对象,根据格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)水平分为:轻度组(49例,GCS评分≥9)和重度组(39例,GCS评分<9)。另选择同时期健康体检者50例为对照组。检测并比较三组入院时血清UCH-L1与NGAL水平的差异。采用Pearson相关分析评估血清UCH-L1与NGAL水平分别与GCS评分的相关性。随访6月,依据患者预后情况分为预后不良组和预后良好组,比较两组血清UCH-L1、NGAL水平以及GCS评分的差异。应用多元Logistic回归分析与SBI患者短期预后相关危险因素。应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估血清NGAL与UCH-L1水平对SBI患者随访6月预后生存的诊断性能。结果重度组血清UCH-L1与NGAL水平显著高于轻度组,而轻度组血清UCH-L1与NGAL水平显著高于对照组(UCH-L1水平分别为28.7±5.2、15.4±3.6、10.5±2.3ng/mL,NGAL水平分别为253.8±33.4、161.5±27.3、136.6±25.1ng/mL,均P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示脑损伤患者血清UCH-L1与NGAL水平均分别与GCS评分呈线性负相关(r=-0.713,P=0.023、r=-0.852,P=0.011)。随访6月,预后不良组血清UCH-L1及NGAL水平均高于预后良好组(UCH-L1水平分别为36.2±3.9、11.6±2.1ng/mL,NGAL水平分别为285.8±24.6、114.3±10.2ng/mL,均P<0.05),而GCS评分低于预后良好组(GCS评分分别为5.2±1.2、13.8±1.1,P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示,血清UCH-L1及NGAL水平为随访6月SBI患者生存相关的危险因素(OR=2.765,P=0.029、OR=2.965,P=0.024)。ROC曲线显示,血清UCH-L1截断值为19.5ng/mL,预测SBI患者随访6月预后不良的AUC为0.826,灵敏度为89.4%,特异性为80.1%。而血清NGAL截断值为182.5ng/mL,预测的AUC为0.895,灵敏度为91.2%,特异性为85.7%。两者联合预测的AUC为0.927,灵敏度为93.2%,特异性为88.9%。结论血清UCH-L1与NGAL水平能有效评估颅脑损伤程度,对短期预后判断有较高价值。

尿NGAL、KIM-1和IL-18联合检测对儿童急性肾损伤早期诊断的价值

目的探讨尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)及白细胞介素-18(IL-18)联合检测在儿童急性肾损伤(AKI)早期诊断中的价值。方法选择2015年1月至2016年8月期间石家庄市第一医院儿科诊治的32例AKI患儿为研究对象,检测不同时间及不同分期AKI患儿尿NGAL、KIM-1、IL-18和血肌酐的变化。结果 AKI患儿尿NGAL、KIM-1、IL-18在诊断前3 d分别为(1.23±0.28)μg/m L、(37.58±5.88)ng/m L、(30.35±6.21)ng/m L,在诊断前2 d分别为(1.77±0.39)μg/m L、(43.29±6.32)ng/m L、(36.49±9.35)ng/m L,及诊断前1 d水平(2.28±0.71)μg/m L、(60.38±12.83)ng/m L、(58.32±20.12)ng/m L,均明显依次升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);但是血肌酐在诊断前1 d与诊断前2 d、3 d比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);尿NGAL、KIM-1、IL-18及血肌酐水平在AKI 1期为(2.68±0.48)μg/m L、(69.23±5.31)ng/m L、(65.84±6.43)ng/m L,2期为(3.19±0.41)μg/m L、(60.38±12.83)ng/m L、(73.29±6.68)ng/m L,3期为(3.81±0.42)μg/m L、(89.67±6.22)ng/m L、(81.31±7.42)ng/m L,均依次升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论尿NGAL、KIM-1、IL-18在儿童AKI早期即可明显升高,三者联合检测对早期诊断儿童AKI具有重要意义。