New ordered MAX phase Mo_2 TiAlC_2: Elastic and electronic properties from first-principles

First-principles computation on the basis of density functional theory(DFT) is executed with the CASTEP code to explore the structural, elastic, and electronic properties along with Debye temperature and theoretical Vickers’ hardness of newly discovered ordered MAX phase carbide Mo2TiAlC2. The computed structural parameters are very reasonable compared with the experimental results. The mechanical stability is verified by using the computed elastic constants. The brittleness of the compound is indicated by both the Poisson’s and Pugh’s ratios. The new MAX phase is capable of resisting the pressure and tension and also has the clear directional bonding between atoms. The compound shows significant elastic anisotropy. The Debye temperature estimated from elastic moduli(B, G) is found to be 413.6 K. The electronic structure indicates that the bonding nature of Mo2TiAlC2is a mixture of covalent and metallic with few ionic characters. The electron charge density map shows a strong directional Mo–C–Mo covalent bonding associated with a relatively weak Ti–C bond.The calculated Fermi surface is due to the low-dispersive Mo 4d-like bands, which makes the compound a conductive one.The hardness of the compound is also evaluated and a high value of 9.01 GPa is an indication of its strong covalent bonding.

Evolution of freshwater Diaporthomycetidae(Sordariomycetes)provides evidence for five new orders and six new families

Cancellidium is a remarkable fungal genus which has been collected from wood submerged in freshwater and has unique conidia that are important in dispersal in running streams.With such a remarkable morphology,one would have expected it to be a distinct family or order.However,due to the dearth of molecular evidence in related taxa,this genus has previ-ously been placed in the order Hypocreales,subclass Hypocreomycetidae of Sordariomycetes.In this study,we made three new collections of this remarkable aquatic genus from streams in China and Thailand,isolated them into culture,extracted DNA and carried out multigene phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimation which placed the genus in Diaporthomycetidae.This is one of the seven subclasses of Sordariomycetes and contains 30 lineages that are only known from freshwater.The subclass is therefore of interest when considering the evolution of freshwater fungi.Several lineages of Diaporthomycetidae are morphologically unique and taxa cluster with strong support,but have weak support at the base of the trees.The phylogenetic and MCC trees generated in this study indicate that Aquapteridospora,Barbatosphaeriaceae,Bullimyces,Cancellidium,Ceratolenta,Conlarium,Phialemoniopsis,Pseudostanjehughesia and Rhamphoriaceae are distinct genera/families that evolved in the family/order time frame.The new orders Barbatosphaeriales(177 MYA),Cancellidiales(137 MYA),Ceratolentales(147 MYA),Conlariales(138 MYA)and Rhamphoriales(133 MYA)and six new families,Aquapteridosporaceae(110 MYA),Cancellidiaceae(137 MYA),Ceratolentaceae(81 MYA),Bullimycetaceae(81 MYA),Phialemoniopsaceae(59 MYA),and Pseudostanjehughesiaceae(111 MYA)are introduced with evidence from phylogenies,divergence estimates and distinct morphologies.Of these families,Aquapteridosporaceae,Cancellidiaceae,Bullimycetaceae,and Pseudostanjehughesiaceae are only known from freshwater.

A new ordered phase forming during ageing in Cu-Ti alloys

AGE-hardened Cu-Ti has been an important alloy of investigation in the field of continuousphase transformation due to its complicated transformation processes which involve short rangeordering (SRO), spinodal decomposition (SD), long range ordering (LRO), etc. So far, ithas been a controversial topic whether each process exists, and in what sequence they pro-ceed.

A NEW WAY FOR DERIVING HIGH ORDER STOKES WAVES

Variational principle for non-vortex, non-linear wave theories is established in this paper. By using this variational principle and related functional minimum condition, the fifth and sixth order Stokes Vaves are given as an example and the results are compared with those in Reference (Skjel-breia, 1961).

The Struggle for Establishing A New International Order

The 20th century is a century when both intra-national order and internationalorder were frequently changing. The struggles have never stopped focusingon setting order. Today with the East-west cold war over for 10 years, there arestill strong appeals for peace and stability, and demands for establishing a newinternational order. The War on Kosovo in the end of the 20th century is a sig-nificant attempt from the U. S. and other major Western powers to set up a newworld order without caring whether by means of force or even of war. This

The UN and a New World Order

CURRENTLY, the world is undergoing significant change as emerging powers become more important and active participants in the international system. Significant changes in the relative economic and political power of states pose new challenges and opportunities for international peace and development,

Mei symmetry and new conserved quantities of Tzénoff equations for higher-order nonholonomic system

In this paper,the Mei symmetry of Tzénoff equations for the higher-order nonholonomic system and the new conserved quantities derived from that are researched,and the function expression of new conserved quantities and criterion equation which deduces these conserved quantities are presented.This result establishes the theory basis for further researches on conservation laws of Tzénoff equations of the higher-order nonholonomic constraint system.

Adaptive synchronisation of fractional-order chaotic systems

A new stability theory of nonlinear dynamic systems is proposed, and a novel adaptive synchronisation method is presented for fractional-order chaotic and hyperchaotic systems based on the theory described in this paper. In comparison with previous methods, not only is the present control scheme simple but also it employs only one control strength, converges very fast, and it is also suitable for a large class of fractional-order chaotic and hyperchaotic systems. Moreover, this scheme is analytical and simple to implement in practice. Numerical and circuit simulations are used to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.

A Look at The Syllabus of New Headway Intermediate Students' book and Its Implementation on Chinese Middle School Students

The purpose of this assignment is to evaluate the course book New Headway intermediate students’book.The teaching context of using this book will be described clearly before discussing the syllabus terms and types which are related to the course book.In addition,the selection and ordering of elements in this course book will be analyzed,the problems and solutions of using this book in teaching context will also be discussed.

习近平法治思想中的“大变局”应对方略论

“大变局”应对方略是习近平法治思想立足于“百年未有之大变局”的科学论断,针对积极应对世界大变局的现实需要所彰显之实效导向型共识。其作为一种凸显执行性遵守之行动整合的共同准则与依据,往往围绕建立健全涉外法治体系和营造国际法治新秩序这两种应对方略而具体展开。法治体系应对方略主要表征为建立健全涉外法治体系的原则表达、目标设定与核心要素,法治秩序应对方略则主要表征为营造国际法治新秩序的目标设定、方案要义与路径导向。基于此,全面梳理习近平法治思想中的“大变局”应对方略样态,能够为涉外法治工作的有效推动提供系统的类型化指引。

农村新生代青年低额彩礼的形成机制及其现实挑战

高额彩礼是我国近年来重点治理的突出社会问题。本研究基于对重庆石村新生代青年“零彩礼”现象的田野调查,分析当地低额彩礼的形成机制及其面临的现实挑战。石村“不算彩礼”的共识促进了婚姻交换灵活多元的发展,相对于更具仪式性的婚礼花费、改口费和房产花费,彩礼因过于货币化和功利化而被排除在有意义的婚姻交换之外。自明清流传至今的传统习俗和社会主义新风尚共同塑造了当地礼俗传统,弱代际责任感下自由恋爱、代际和性别平等的情境化解了婚姻交换的偿付和资助功能,礼物模式的婚姻交换在仪式和日常中塑造着集体道德感,即使是在跨婚姻圈的新生代中也没有形成高额彩礼。但随着社会流动性和风险性增大,当地低额彩礼实践的维系正面临着跨区域文化冲突和彩礼抵押功能强化的挑战。

A new two-mode thermo- and squeezing-mixed optical field

We propose a new two-mode thermo-and squeezing-mixed optical field, described by the new density operator ρ=1-e^f-｜g｜^2 e^ga^＋b^＋e^fa^＋a｜0〉 f_（bb） 〈0｜ e^（g＊ab）, where ｜0〉_（bb） 〈0｜ is the b-mode vacuum, e ^fa^＋arepresents the thermo-field, and e^ga^＋b^＋ indicates squeezing. The photon statistics for ρ is studied by virtue of the method of integration within ordered product（IWOP） of operators. Such a field can be generated when a two-mode squeezed state passes through a one-mode dissipation channel.

Higher Order Solitary Wave Solutions of the Standard KdV Equations

Considered under their standard form, the fifth-order KdV equations are a sort of reading table on which new prototypes of higher order solitary waves residing there, have been uncovered and revealed to broad daylight. The mathematical tool that made it possible to explore and analyze this equation is the Bogning-Djeumen Tchaho-Kofané method extended to the new implicit Bogning' functions. The analytical form of the solutions chosen in this manuscript is particular in the sense that it contains within its bosom, a package of solitary waves made up of three solitons, especially, the bright type soliton, the hybrid soliton and the dark type soliton which we estimate capable in their interactions of generating new hybrid or multi-form solitons. Existence conditions of the obtained solitons have been determined. It emerges that, these existence conditions of the chosen ansatz could open the way to other new varieties of fifth-order KdV equations including to which it will be one of the solutions. Some of the obtained solitons are exact solutions. Intense numerical simulations highlighted numerical stability and confirmed the hybrid character of the obtained solutions. These results will help to model new nonlinear wave phenomena, in plasma media and in fluid dynamics, especially, on the shallow water surface.

邓小平对中国特色大国外交的理论贡献

邓小平是党的第二代领导集体的核心,是伟大的马克思主义战略家。他统揽国内和国际两个大局,纵观世界大势,深刻洞察和分析国际形势的新变化和世界格局演变的新特点,高瞻远瞩,深谋远虑,提出一系列重大外交战略新判断新思想,果断调整了我国对外政策,开创了中国外交新局面,赢得了有利的改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的国际环境,树立了反对霸权主义、促进世界和平与发展的光辉的国际形象。认真学习邓小平的外交战略思想,对我们推进新时代中国特色大国外交具有十分重要的意义。

Some applications of a new coherent-entangled state in two-mode Fock space

Using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, we find a new kind of coherent-entangled state （CES）, which exhibits both coherent and entangled state properties. The set of CESs makes up a complete and partly nonorthogonal representation. Using a beam splitter, we propose a simple experimental scheme to produce the CES. Finally~ we present some applications of CESs in quantum optics.

国际秩序转型:当前争论与未来走向

新千年之初,全球性危机的爆发凸显了准单极秩序的不足和全球化的负面影响,引发国际关系学者对国际秩序转型及其未来的广泛讨论。新冠疫情和乌克兰危机加速了国际秩序转型的进程,促使不同国际关系学派的代表人物提出关于国际秩序未来的各种设想。然而,由于权力中心整合的差异,以及规则共识的缺乏,这些设想短期内恐难以实现。如果没有普遍且具体的威胁出现或人类政治文化发生根本性变革,既有秩序的规则和结构将继续以被弱化的方式存在,转型期将延长,不稳定性将加剧。因此,以和平方式管理转型期至关重要,这要求国家在扩展区域联盟的同时,尊重各行为体的文化和文明差异。只有在大国之间进行对话并就管理国际体系的规则达成一致,新的国际秩序才能得以形成。在此之前,国际社会必须专注于维持稳定和管理转型期风险,以确保向未来国际秩序和平过渡。

新制度主义政治学的发展源流、主要议题与前沿探索

新制度主义政治学将制度作为政治分析的基本单元,在与旧制度主义、行为主义研究路径对话的基础上拓宽政治科学的研究视野,为理解政治现象提供中观层次的分析工具和研究方法。新制度主义政治学阐明制度在政治生活中的特定作用,探讨制度在多大程度上发挥独立和持续的影响,推进政治制度的概念化与理论化。制度通过认同与适应机制,构造政治行动者的行为选择框架,使行动者在特定制度条件下具有展开适宜行动的动机和能力。新制度主义政治学从主体能动性与制度变迁的关系、断续性变迁与渐进性变迁的界限、历史经验与全新规则的抉择等方面,理解制度的变迁方式,并关注不同制度领域的制度分化及相互竞争的原则规范如何导致制度框架的冲突,揭示制度更替的动力机制。从理论完善和方法更新的角度来看,新制度主义政治学是对政治科学其他研究路径的补充而非完全替代。

全人类共同价值与人类命运共同体的关系探赜

全人类共同价值是以人类共同利益为交汇点,凝聚不同文明的价值共识,人类命运共同体需要建立在全人类共同价值的基础之上。全人类共同价值作为人类命运共同体的价值内核,在构建人类命运共同体的过程中发挥着重要作用。全人类共同价值有助于:确立全人类共同的价值目标,指明构建人类命运共同体的实践方向;反映全人类共同的价值诉求,汇聚构建人类命运共同体的全球合力;凝聚价值共识,形成构建人类命运共同体的主体自觉。从长远来看,构建人类命运共同体是实现全人类共同价值的实践场域。人类命运共同体的构建有助于实现“和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由”的全人类共同价值。全人类共同价值与人类命运共同体相融相通,相辅相成。要把握好全人类共同价值和人类命运共同体的共建逻辑,以人类共同利益为出发点,以全球治理为关键点,以国际新秩序为落脚点,实现二者的相互促进与共同发展。

特大城市新市民社会融入情况及相关因素研究——以上海市为例

为探索特大城市中新市民社会融入的情况,收集并分析了269份上海市新市民调查问卷的数据。研究结合各项指标统计各样本的社会融入水平,并通过有序Probit回归模型分析影响因素。实证结果表明,在个体特征方面,年龄与融入程度无显著正相关,且相比新市民原籍所在的区域,当前持有上海户籍与否对其社会融入的影响更为显著;在个人能力方面,新市民的社会融入情况与收入和学历呈正相关,与职业属性的关联较小;在住房状况方面,居住模式对融入的影响最为显著。最后,基于分析结果,从提升住房保障与购房优惠、鼓励在职再学、简化落户政策等角度提出建议。

时代嬗变与国际秩序更新——基于唯物史观的观察和分析

时代标识人类生活的历史方位,国际秩序则是人类跨国互动的基础条件。对时代和国际秩序的认知均有重要战略价值和政策意义。基于马克思主义唯物史观视角,当前时代嬗变表现为,和平、发展、合作、共赢虽仍为时代主题,但和平、发展、信任、治理四类赤字均在扩大。引发时代嬗变的根本原因,在于全球生产方式和世界上层建筑的深刻调整与变革。世界已进入“新时代”,即马克思主义经典作家描述的“大的历史时代”的新阶段,也是人类历史发展到和平与发展时期的新阶段。在这一动荡与变革交织的新的历史时期,国际旧秩序也即自由主义国际秩序因新兴市场国家和发展中国家的群体性崛起、美国事实上的反秩序行为,以及自由主义精神内核陷入严重危机等重大冲击而处于更新过程中,国际新秩序正在孕育。人类命运共同体是国际秩序正确的演进方向。