Influence of new town development on the urban heat island-The case of the Bundang area

Five new towns have been developed around the Seoul metropolitan area since 1996 However, these new towns generate lots of traffic and related problems in the areas including those new towns and Seoul as a result of increases in population and a lack of ecological-self-sufficiency. Currently, construction of another new town is under deliberation, and what should be a major consider is the notion that the new town be located within a wide, green zone. Many studies have revealed that green space can play an important role in improving urban eco-meteorological capability and air quality. In order to analyze the urban heat island which will be created by the new urban development, and to investigate the local thermal environment and its negative effects caused by a change of land use type and urbanization, Landsat TM images were used for extraction of urban surface temperature according to changes of land use over the last 15 years. These data are analyzed together with digital land use and topographic information. As a study result, it was found the urban heat island of the study area from 1985 to 1999 rapidly developed which showed a difference of mean temperature above +2 0 Before the Bundang new town construction the temperature of the residential area was the same as a forest, but during the new town construction in 1991 analysis revealed the creation of an urban heat island. The temperature of a forest whose size is over 50% of the investigation area was lowest, and thus the presence of a forest is believed to have a direct cooling effect on the urban environment and its surroundings. The mean temperature of the residential and commercial areas in the study was found to be +4 5 higher than the forest, and therefore this part of land use is believed to be the main factor causing the temperature increase of the urban heat island.

Land use suitability analysis for town development planning in Nanjing hilly areas: A case study of Tangshan new town, China

Land use suitability analysis plays an important role in sustainable land use and solving environmental problems caused by rapid urban development.A land use suitability mapping approach for town development planning in hilly areas was constructed based on two multi-criteria evaluation methods:Weighted Linear Combination(WLC)and Ordered Weighted Averaging(OWA),to comparatively evaluate and map land use suitability of Tangshan new town in Nanjing,China.Fourteen evaluation factors related to topographic,environmental,socio-economics and historical sites data were used as suitability criteria.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method and GIS techniques were integrated into the evaluation models to create the land use suitability map for town development planning.The results of WLC approach showed that 11.4%of the total area is highly suitable while the 48.6%is unsuitable.The results of WLC and OWA approach showed the distribution of degree of land use suitability is almost the same.The areas located at the southern and eastern flat regions are highly suitable for land use,whereas the areas close to the mountain forests,steep slopes,waters,and hot springs,have lower suitability for land use.Sensitivity analysis indicated that the suitability results of the two proposed methods are robust.Indirect validation was achieved by mutual comparison of suitability maps derived from the WLC and OWA methods.It demonstrated that the overall agreement is 90.81%and kappa coefficient is 0.81,indicating that both methods provide very similar spatial suitability distributions.By overlaying the resultant map with the previous master plan map of Tangshan new town,the overlay map once again indicated a satisfactory ecological fit between the two maps.At last,several recommendations are proposed aiming at improving the long-term town development plan for Tangshan new town.

TRANSPORT PLANNING FOR NEW TOWN DEVELOPMENT:EXPERIENCE OF HONG KONG

Since the 1960s, Hong Kongs new towns have been builton the assumption that they could be socially and economically selfcontained entities. A study of the linkage between three new townsand metropolitan area confirms that substantial commuting trips arestill made. The new towns serve as dormitories for people workingin the metropolitan area. The commuters' reliance on publictransport is significant. The towns are thus far from self-containedeven aller 20 years of development. The public transport network,trip rate, peak factor, purpose, mode choice, costs and journey time,are signilicantly different from those originally estimated. Thesemay be related to distance from the metropolitan area,theavailability of modes, the structure of the public transport netwrk,and changs in the economical structure of Hong Kong. lt suggeststhat the direct and indiscriminant importation of Westernplanning practice to plan new towns with an oriental socio-economicsetting deserves critical review.

New Life in a New Town

Standing on the highest point of the Three Gorges worksite, a vast expanse of white building structures comes into view, a new town nestling deep in the green hills and blue water like a mini-landscape pot decorating the huge Three Gorges Dam just one kilometer away. This is the youngest county town in the present-day China. Living in it are 45,000 people displaced by the mammoth Three Gorges Water Project on China’s longest river of the Yangtze. One could see no overhead lines in the town or chimneys on top of the roofs or walls on the four sides. Rainwater and sewage water go down into separate pipelines, with rainwater discharged directly into the Yangtze

Anyang:A Case Study of Foreign University Involvement in Chinese Sustainable New Town Planning

Over the last ten to fifteen years,planning and design professionals in the United States and Europe have increasingly been engaged in consulting work in China.Major Architectural & Engineering firms from the United Kingdom and the United States,for example,have been opening offices in Beijing and Shanghai.Recently,the concern with sustainable urban development and China's policies to alleviate pressures of urbanization has been an engine for commissions for new town plans and city expansion plans across China's provinces.During the 2007-2009 academic years,the School of Planning at the University of Cincinnati prepared a conceptual plan for the expansion of the City of Anyang through a collaborative agreement between the city and it.The experience of the faculty leading this project with field work,the planning process,plan preparation,and the engagement of students has revealed some important issues that need to be addressed by planning schools and planning professionals engaged in planning in provincial China.Thus,this paper is a case study of foreign university involvement in Chinese sustainable new town planning,and the following sections discuss the Anyang Eastern New Town Conceptual Plan,identify the key issues regarding preparing the plan,contracting and payment,data availability,data sharing and field investigation,and finally discuss the lessons learned regarding the planning process,project program and expectations.

Post-Reform New Town Development in China

In this paper, we present an overview of urban practice in China since the late 1970s and come up with a refreshed concept regarding "new towns" as existing in a widely different politico-economic context. With the urbanization of capital being the theoretical backbone of this paper, we attempt to reveal basic laws inherent in the emergence and proliferation of various forms of urban spaces within a rapidly modernizing country. Considered from various viewpoints such as land institutions, national policy designs, and the fi nancial capital and bank system, our paper covers: a historical overview of China's post-reform new towns, a theoretical framework to explain related phenomena, empirical approaches to interpreting the contributory factors, and a theoretical outline for further research.

Post-suburbanization in Qingpu New Town:Process and formation mechanism

Under the wave of globalization,some cities in China,especially the so-called “megacities” are entering or have already entered the stage of post-suburbanization.The study places Shanghai suburbs in the post-suburbanization landscape and takes Qingpu New Town as an example to systematically analyze the development and formation mechanism of post-suburbanization spaces.This study reveals the features of the post-suburbanization in China as follows.Firstly,In China,post-suburbanization is achieved based on industrialization as well as on the promotion of urbanization.Although urbanization has strengthened other functions of suburban spaces aside from living and production,the production attributes of suburbs remain stable.Secondly,post-suburbanization space with the new town as the development model is an important path for a new round of suburban space growth,it has expanded the space for capital accumulation in metropolitan areas,thus promoting the possibility of reorganizing economic activities within metropolitan areas.At the same time,it focuses on the integration of industries and cities,and the simultaneous development of urbanization and industrialization.In turn,this promotes the accumulation of capital centered on the urban environment and manufacturing production.Furthermore,China’s special institutional circumstance enables its government to organize various actors to form a growth alliance,which will act together in the production of post-suburbanization space.

Development of Suburban New Towns in Shanghai: Jobs-Housing Spatial Relationship Analysis

This paper identifies the employment and housing locations of residents in Shanghai based on mobile phone signaling data, so as to obtain the employment density and commuting data and analyze the development of nine suburban new towns from the perspective of jobs-housing spatial relationship. Firstly, the paper defines employment-intensive areas and gets the average employment density of each new town according to the employment density data. Then it marks out the scope of the employment influence through analyzing the sources of workers in each new town in accordance with the commuting data. Finally, it analyzes the jobs-housing balance of each new town using independence index, finding that suburban new towns in Shanghai have become main clusters of economic activities, while the scope of employment influence in each new town is still concentrated in its administrative area, with less attraction to residents in other areas. The independence index demonstrates a law that the suburban new town which is farther from the central city sees a higher degree of jobs-housing balance. Among them, new towns located in the outer suburbs with a low independence index indicate their special development situation, the reason of which is worth further study.

Study on Network System Construction of Forest Ecological in Huaining New Town

Urban forest isan importantcomposition and the window and soul of modern cities, which has a close relationship with ecologicalenvironment andinvesting environment. Sourban foresthasbeen constructed in China. Huaining County could hold of the historical opportunity and come up with the great blueprintof forest ecological network system construction for the new town. This paper mainly introduces the guiding ideas, principles, goals and overall layouts of the construction in the new town, and hope that it will be a modelfor other county-level forest ecological network system construction in China.

Application of New West-Sichuan Architectural Characteristics in Tourist Town Design——A Case Study of Conceptual Planning of Chuanzhu Township as a Town of Farming and Sericulture in E' meishan City of China

Evolution history of the new west-Sichuan dwellings was analyzed,and its characteristics were summarized as "properly-arranged layouts,unification with neighboring environment;plain facade,excellent ventilation and sun-shading;free layout of single building,definite axes and orderly changes;application of local materials,showing local cultural characteristics;valuing continuity of local cultures and human relationship".Conceptual planning of Zhuanzhu Township as a town of farming and sericulture in E'meishan City was taken for example to propose the overall planning concepts on the basis of its current conditions.And the planning concepts cover functional division,road system,landscape system and overall image,and aim to integrate regional cultural characteristics into the town planning.

Dynamic Analysis on Population Suburbanization and New Town Development in Shanghai

This paper studies the suburbanization process of Shanghai from 2000 to 2010 and the population aggregation of its five suburban new towns including Jiading,Songjiang,Qingpu,Nanqiao,and Lingang.It finds that Shanghai's population distribution pattern is featured by both continuity and variety.In detail,although Shanghai is still dominated by a single-centered expansion pattern,a multi-centered spatial pattern is gradually formed with a narrowing gap in population density between the central city and the suburbs.As the suburbanization of the migrant population is faster than that of the registered population and migrants re-gather in the central city as a result of its service industry development,there is a relatively smaller migrant population in the area between the Inner Ring Road and the Outer Ring Road.Consequently,the population in the new towns that the city planning strategy has focused on is not increasing at the expected speed,thus more attention should be paid to a reasonable central citycentered,multi-leveled,towns-grouped,and compact urban spatial structure.

Selection of New Countryside Construction Model and Enlightenment for Ganlu Town, Zizhong County, Neijiang City

Basic conditions and new countryside construction of Ganlu Town, Zizhong County, Neijiang City were analyzed, SWOT adopted to analyze internal strengths, weaknesses, external opportunities and threats of its new countryside construction. On this basis, positive and practical strategies were put forward to promote the new countryside construction in the local area, and provide references for the new countryside construction in other regions.

Planning of Small Cities and Towns in Northwest China Based on New Urbanization Concepts

Construction and development of small cities and towns is signifi cant for promoting economic and social development,and solving issues concerning "agriculture,rural areas and peasants". In view of the rapid development of small cities and towns,confl icts and problems in the planning and construction of the small cities and towns in northwest China have emerged and brought negative infl uence on their healthy and sustainable development. On the basis of analyzing scientifi c connotations and construction needs of new urbanization,development of northwest China,and reviews on planning of small cities and towns in this region,planning paths against the background of new urbanization were explored.

Prospects for key technologies of new-type urban integrated energy system

In recent years,primary energy consumption in China’s urban areas has increased rapidly,facing the problems of extensive use of energy,high energy consumption and insufficient intensified use of energy resources.Improving multienergy supply,increasing the proportion of clean energy and integrated energy efficiency are the main goals of urban development.The integrated energy system with multi-functional synergy and open trading will become one of the new directions for the development of new urban energy systems.This paper summarizes the main problems faced by the current towns and the characteristics of the new urban energy system,analyzes the development of new urban energy system from three aspects including energy interconnection hub infrastructure construction,energy management platform construction and energy value sharing,and forecasts the future development direction of new urban energy systems.

地方传统文化在新城镇公共设施设计中融创研究

目的探讨地方传统文化在新城镇公共设施设计中的融入与创新的方法和策略,为公共设施设计提供更多、更优质的思路。方法分析新型城镇化的内涵,探讨新城镇公共服务设施的内涵,对新城镇公共设施设计中地域文化元素的缺失展开论述,并根据以上几点探讨地方传统文化在新城镇公共设施设计中的融创策略。结论要将地方传统文化更好地融入到新城镇公共设施设计中,需要凝练本地的特色地域物质文化与精神文化要素,关注并考虑民风民俗与文化认同,优化居民生活幸福感,利用现代科技手段为地方文化注入新的内涵,打造出亦古亦今、古今结合的公共设施。

Problems in the Development of Small Cities and Towns in West China and Countermeasures: A Case Study of Luzhou City, Sichuan Province

New urbanization targets at coordinated urban-rural development, and construction of ecological and livable environment, it is the foundation for breaking urban-rural dual structure of China and promoting the agricultural modernization. Small cities and towns as carriers of new urbanization have already become important paths of realizing new urbanization and solving problems concerning 300 million peasants in China. Considering the requirements of new urbanization, this paper took Luzhou City in Sichuan Province for example to explore development path suitable for small cities and towns in west China and gave pertinent suggestions.

以县城新型城镇化促进共同富裕:理论基础、现实困境和实现路径

以县城为载体推进城镇化是我国新型城镇化的重要内容。随着经济社会的发展,县城逐步成为承接农村转移人口和城市回迁人口的重要目的地。相较于大中城市,县城在社会治理、地理空间和经济功能上有其独特的优势。基于此,文章从劳动力转移、公共服务均等化程度和物质精神“双富裕”三个方面,详细论述了通过县城新型城镇化促进共同富裕的内在机制,并特别指出了县域经济基础薄弱、城乡差别的制度约束固化,以及现行相关认识和实践障碍等,是通过县城新型城镇化促进共同富裕所面临的三大主要挑战。文章最后从做大和分好县域蛋糕、破除二元制度障碍,以及借鉴发达国家乡村城镇化建设经验等方面,提出了有针对性的政策建议思路。

Theories and Practices of Remembering Nostalgia in New Urbanization

As the National Conference on New Urbanization proposed, "(new urbanization) should enable residents to see mountains and waters, and remember nostalgia". Nostalgia is a kind of memories and yearning deep in the heart for one's homeland or the place once lived in, it is the softest emotion and also a spiritual need. To keep nostalgia in new urbanization is to preserve history, culture, memories, and humanistic spirits of the homeland, and also to maintain local cultural genes and carry forward rural civilization. The foundation of remembering the nostalgia is to intensify culture protection. And by means of protecting cultural heritage and style of the traditional settlement practically, preserving cultural gene, inheriting cultural memory, creating cultural brand and characteristic landscape etc., the nostalgia can meet the spiritual demands of the residents, such as homesickness, life emotion, historical emotion and cultural emotion in the process of new urbanization. The key of remembering nostalgia is to promote the construction of small characteristic towns. Relying on on-site urbanization, the signifi cant ways of achieving new urbanization are star-studded layout of small towns and the construction of small characteristic tourism town. The construction of Hunan-style Tourism Town is a positive attempt and exploration of remembering nostalgia, and it contributes to the construction of a beautiful and poetic homeland for the human-centered new urbanization.

朱仙镇木版年画艺术文化基因解析与活化设计创新

目的为更好地让朱仙镇木版年画艺术创新符合现代审美需求,促使文化的用途变得更广泛。方法以“文化基因”视角切入,以“生物基因反求思维”为路径。首先,对朱仙镇木版年画人物形态因子进行深入挖掘;其次,通过纵向时间、横向空间层次的基因识别原则对年画艺术进行“显性基因-隐性基因”的提取与分析;最后,依据“人-物-地”的设计要素构建逻辑,针对不同群体调研,从朱仙镇木版年画艺术文化基因中筛选核心设计要素。结果结合朱仙镇木版年画艺术的显性与隐性基因中“形”“神”的设计要素,通过传统艺术实践结合VI设计的方式,使展览成为年画艺术创新与文化传承的载体。结论文化基因视角下的朱仙镇木版年画艺术设计创新促进了传统文化的活化,发挥着民间美术融入现代艺术的作用与价值,使两者间可有机融合和共同发展。

基于空间供需的工业小城镇绿色空间体系建构——以重庆市万古镇为例

工业小城镇的特色发展与品质提升,需要供需匹配的绿色空间体系作为支撑。通过分析典型工业小城镇的空间结构、规模、布局特征,以及小城镇发展在生态环境、产业发展、人群游憩等方面的空间需求,总结工业小城镇的空间供需特征,并结合规划现状明确当前问题。提出绿色空间在保护生态环境、协同产业发展和服务游憩需求3个维度的价值,并构建包含生态、防护、游憩、风貌四大体系的绿色空间响应框架。最后,以万古镇为例,初步探讨构建城乡一体化生态体系、多层级防护体系、多样化游憩体系、地域特色风貌体系的具体策略。