Iron deficiency (ID), defined as an insufficient supply of iron to the cells of the body after iron reserves have been exhausted, is the most prevalent single nutritional deficiency, affecting over 2, 000 million peop...Iron deficiency (ID), defined as an insufficient supply of iron to the cells of the body after iron reserves have been exhausted, is the most prevalent single nutritional deficiency, affecting over 2, 000 million people, mostly in the developing world. Infants, small children, adolescents and pregnant and fertile-age women are most vulnerable. Only about 50 % of people with ID develop iron deficiency anemia (IDA), since this is a late manifes tation of chronic ID. Based on the average daily iron requirement and on the rate of iron reutilization from red cell hemoglobin destruction, it can be estimated that after iron stores have been depleted, it takes about 4 months of ID erythropoiesis for adult women to have a drop in hemoglobin concentration [Hb] of 10 g/l, if the iron intake is only 70 % of requirement. IDA can be defined by a [Hb] below an appropriate cut-off point for age,sex, physiological condition and altitude above sea level, or by a [Hb] increment of morethan 10 g/l to the administration of adequate doses of iron. More than 85 % of the nutritional anemias are IDA alone, or of iron combined with folate or other nutrient deficiencies [WHO/UNICEF/UNU, 1997; Yip, 1994].展开更多
In recent years,China interacts with many other countries more frequently.It is necessary to learn English well.It is important for Chinese English learners to select suitable textbooks.In so many domestic English tea...In recent years,China interacts with many other countries more frequently.It is necessary to learn English well.It is important for Chinese English learners to select suitable textbooks.In so many domestic English teaching materials,New Concept English stands out.The study takes the qualitative method to analyze New Concept English II.By observing one of the lessons in the textbook,it aims to check if the design and arrangements of content is in accordance with the linguistic theories and the view of linguistic learning advocated by the editors of this textbook.展开更多
The teaching of English literature to English majors in universities should emphasize on both the introduction of literary history and the analysis of specific literary works. In view of the present situation in the t...The teaching of English literature to English majors in universities should emphasize on both the introduction of literary history and the analysis of specific literary works. In view of the present situation in the teaching of English literature, such as limited teaching hours, excessive contents and the outmoded teaching methods, the teachers should change their concept and mode of teaching, improve their teaching methods, and fully explore new concepts to promote the effectiveness and realize the targets of teaching.展开更多
The use of solar energy to drive the chemical and energy processes,and the chemical storage of solar energy are the key elements to move to a low-carbon economy,sustainable society and to foster energy transition.For ...The use of solar energy to drive the chemical and energy processes,and the chemical storage of solar energy are the key elements to move to a low-carbon economy,sustainable society and to foster energy transition.For this reason,there is a fast-growing scientific interest on this subject,which is part of the general effort for a solar-driven chemistry and energy,the chemistry of the future.To realize this展开更多
During the 18 th CPC National Congress, Xi Jinping raised a series of economic development thoughts, namely the five new concepts of development; innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, and put fo...During the 18 th CPC National Congress, Xi Jinping raised a series of economic development thoughts, namely the five new concepts of development; innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, and put forward a series of economic development thoughts including"people-centered"economic development. These are the new summations of the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the latest achievements in the theory of the political economics of socialism with Chinese characteristics."People-centered"is both the starting point and final purpose of coordinated economic development, an accurate mastery of social and economic development rules, and also the foundation and specific manifestation of coordinated development between people and society. People's subjectivity, coordinated inclusiveness and dialectics of development are the characteristics of coordinated economic development. Regional coordinated development, urbanrural coordinated development, industrial coordinated development, coordinated development of national defense and economic construction, supply and demand coordinated development, ecological coordinated development and interacted coordinated development of the global economy are the important relationships of coordinated economic development that we have to recognize and handle properly.展开更多
As the first major transport infirastructure in Xiong'an New Area,Beijing-Xiong an Intercity Railway is an important step for China State Railway Group Co.A Ltd.to quickly implement the major strategic plan of CPC...As the first major transport infirastructure in Xiong'an New Area,Beijing-Xiong an Intercity Railway is an important step for China State Railway Group Co.A Ltd.to quickly implement the major strategic plan of CPC Central Committee and the State Council.for the establishment of Xiong'an New Area.Xiong'an Station with double-floor spacious waiting areas and the wonderfiul integration of overpass and station building is the first modern integrated transport hub of this kind in China.Based on the characteristics of Xiong'an Station and in the light of the relevant new theories,methods and technologies,systematic studies and innovative practices on the new concept of building up a"well-connected,filly-integrated,environmen-frindly,passenger-oriented,economically-efficient,uurally-rich,intelligent and convenient"passenger station are carried oul,which achieve good results of application and help accumulate valuable experiences for the construction of passenger stations of Chinese high-speed railways in the new era.展开更多
Chinese school vocational guidance originates in secondary school or vocational school.The practices and theoretical research on vocational guidance in colleges and universities is still relatively new.Vocational guid...Chinese school vocational guidance originates in secondary school or vocational school.The practices and theoretical research on vocational guidance in colleges and universities is still relatively new.Vocational guidance of undergraduates is a new issue that needs to be addressed.This article will explore new concepts of vocational guidance from three aspects,including family education,students studies and systematic cultivation of universities.展开更多
Supercapacitors, with ultrahigh power density, superior rate capability, long-term cyclability, and exceptional safety, are regarded as one highly competitive candidate of electrochemical energy storage devices,fillin...Supercapacitors, with ultrahigh power density, superior rate capability, long-term cyclability, and exceptional safety, are regarded as one highly competitive candidate of electrochemical energy storage devices,filling the gap between batteries and conventional capacitors. Despite of tremendous effort, elaborated screening of high-performance electrode materials, e.g., graphene, is still intensively required. In this review, we describe the most recent progress in the research and development of graphene-based materials for high-performance and new-concept supercapacitors for the targeted applications in next-generation and smart electronics. First, the design and fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors, including electrical double layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors, were summarized in term of the charge storage mechanism. Second, new-concept supercapacitors with multiple functionalities of high-voltage, fiber-shape, microscale and shape-diversity in order to fulfill the requirements of future electronics are reviewed. Accordingly, special emphasis is given to the structure-dependent-performance effects of pores, hybridization, dimensionalities of graphene-based materials on performance of supercapacitors, and tremendous potential of graphene-based planar micro-supercapacitors for the direct seamlessly integration with versatile micro-electronics. Finally, perspectives and challenges of graphene-based supercapacitors are briefly discussed.展开更多
The identification and molecular characterization of self-antigens expressed by human malignancies that are capable of elicitation of anti-tumor immune responses in patients have been an active field in tumor immunolo...The identification and molecular characterization of self-antigens expressed by human malignancies that are capable of elicitation of anti-tumor immune responses in patients have been an active field in tumor immunology. More than 2,000 tumor antigens have been identified, and most of these antigens are self-antigens. These significant progresses have led to the renaissance of tumor immunology and studies on anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, despite of the progress in the identification of self-tumor antigens, current antigen-specific immunotherapies for tumors are far less satisfied than expected, which reflects the urgent need to improve our understanding on self-tumor antigens. In order to develop more effective antigen specific anti-tumor immunotherapies and to monitor the responses to these immunotherapies in patients with tumors, many important fundamental questions need to be addressed. We propose for the first time that the studies in addressing the characteristics of self-tumor antigens and autoantigens are grouped as a new subject termed ＂antigenology＂. In this brief review, we would outline the progress in the identification of tumor antigens in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, and overview the new concepts and principles of antigenology and their significance for future immunotherapies to these malignancies.展开更多
A combined approach of target,suspected target and non-target screening using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)was used to develop a new concept for water monitoring.With the current LC-...A combined approach of target,suspected target and non-target screening using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)was used to develop a new concept for water monitoring.With the current LC-MS/MS target approach for water monitoring,all targets can be quantified,but no additional information about the sample is collected.With the new concept,it is possible to detect 97%of the target compounds with a simplified quantification method without losing accuracy.Furthermore,a suspect target screening can be performed to get broader qualitative information about the water samples.In addition,the non-target screening offers the possibility to identify unknown micropollutants.All three evaluation steps depend on the same analytical measurement so that a lot of measurement and quality assurance effort can be saved.This concept could change water monitoring and assessment,and make it much more efficiently without losing information.There is a chance to measure less but learn more about the water bodies.展开更多
The vast amount of the "omics" information of diseased "somatic" cell other than the polymorphic information of the "germline" genome sequences, brings about not
Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC,Comrade Xi Jinping pools the wisdom of the Communist Party of China(Party for short),focusing on the overall issues,core issues,and key issues under the new situation of uph...Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC,Comrade Xi Jinping pools the wisdom of the Communist Party of China(Party for short),focusing on the overall issues,core issues,and key issues under the new situation of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics,has made a series of important speeches,proposed a complete set of strategy for national governing,thus。展开更多
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has scientifically integrated the two overall situations of the country and the internatio...Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has scientifically integrated the two overall situations of the country and the international community as well as the two major issues of development and security,thus forming a series of new concepts,new ideas and new strategies for governing the country.展开更多
Teachers have to show solicitude for the mood of students and stimulate their interest of learning.Therefore,application of " New Educational Concept" and "Optimizing Teaching Structure" is badly n...Teachers have to show solicitude for the mood of students and stimulate their interest of learning.Therefore,application of " New Educational Concept" and "Optimizing Teaching Structure" is badly needed.This thesis aims to arouse the English teaching staff's regard of New Educational Concept,so as to improve their teaching level through expatiation of how to apply New Curriculum Standards into English teaching.展开更多
The authorities among 700 residents in Beijing, Shanghaiand Guangzhou conducted a recent survey of Chinese people'stendencies in educational consumption after China's entry intoWTO. Results show that people h...The authorities among 700 residents in Beijing, Shanghaiand Guangzhou conducted a recent survey of Chinese people'stendencies in educational consumption after China's entry intoWTO. Results show that people have different ideas towardsdifferent stages of education, and the advantages of展开更多
Neurotrophins：Neurotrophins are peptides or proteins that are known to regulate neuronal viability,development,and function Beyond synaptic plasticity,neurotrophins protect neurons from apoptosis and also promote neu...Neurotrophins：Neurotrophins are peptides or proteins that are known to regulate neuronal viability,development,and function Beyond synaptic plasticity,neurotrophins protect neurons from apoptosis and also promote neurogenesis to recover neuronal defici even in adulthood.展开更多
"New Normal"is the basic transition modality existing in the Chinese society to the historical development stage and the new normal mode has special pattern of manifestation in political,economic,cultural,so..."New Normal"is the basic transition modality existing in the Chinese society to the historical development stage and the new normal mode has special pattern of manifestation in political,economic,cultural,social,legal and military fields.Recognizing,adapting to and leading new normal should become the basic content in the work of the party and the country in the coming period.展开更多
文摘Iron deficiency (ID), defined as an insufficient supply of iron to the cells of the body after iron reserves have been exhausted, is the most prevalent single nutritional deficiency, affecting over 2, 000 million people, mostly in the developing world. Infants, small children, adolescents and pregnant and fertile-age women are most vulnerable. Only about 50 % of people with ID develop iron deficiency anemia (IDA), since this is a late manifes tation of chronic ID. Based on the average daily iron requirement and on the rate of iron reutilization from red cell hemoglobin destruction, it can be estimated that after iron stores have been depleted, it takes about 4 months of ID erythropoiesis for adult women to have a drop in hemoglobin concentration [Hb] of 10 g/l, if the iron intake is only 70 % of requirement. IDA can be defined by a [Hb] below an appropriate cut-off point for age,sex, physiological condition and altitude above sea level, or by a [Hb] increment of morethan 10 g/l to the administration of adequate doses of iron. More than 85 % of the nutritional anemias are IDA alone, or of iron combined with folate or other nutrient deficiencies [WHO/UNICEF/UNU, 1997; Yip, 1994].
文摘In recent years,China interacts with many other countries more frequently.It is necessary to learn English well.It is important for Chinese English learners to select suitable textbooks.In so many domestic English teaching materials,New Concept English stands out.The study takes the qualitative method to analyze New Concept English II.By observing one of the lessons in the textbook,it aims to check if the design and arrangements of content is in accordance with the linguistic theories and the view of linguistic learning advocated by the editors of this textbook.
文摘The teaching of English literature to English majors in universities should emphasize on both the introduction of literary history and the analysis of specific literary works. In view of the present situation in the teaching of English literature, such as limited teaching hours, excessive contents and the outmoded teaching methods, the teachers should change their concept and mode of teaching, improve their teaching methods, and fully explore new concepts to promote the effectiveness and realize the targets of teaching.
文摘The use of solar energy to drive the chemical and energy processes,and the chemical storage of solar energy are the key elements to move to a low-carbon economy,sustainable society and to foster energy transition.For this reason,there is a fast-growing scientific interest on this subject,which is part of the general effort for a solar-driven chemistry and energy,the chemistry of the future.To realize this
基金Development economics research base project of Guangxi(Project number:2017RFJD01)
文摘During the 18 th CPC National Congress, Xi Jinping raised a series of economic development thoughts, namely the five new concepts of development; innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, and put forward a series of economic development thoughts including"people-centered"economic development. These are the new summations of the practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the latest achievements in the theory of the political economics of socialism with Chinese characteristics."People-centered"is both the starting point and final purpose of coordinated economic development, an accurate mastery of social and economic development rules, and also the foundation and specific manifestation of coordinated development between people and society. People's subjectivity, coordinated inclusiveness and dialectics of development are the characteristics of coordinated economic development. Regional coordinated development, urbanrural coordinated development, industrial coordinated development, coordinated development of national defense and economic construction, supply and demand coordinated development, ecological coordinated development and interacted coordinated development of the global economy are the important relationships of coordinated economic development that we have to recognize and handle properly.
文摘As the first major transport infirastructure in Xiong'an New Area,Beijing-Xiong an Intercity Railway is an important step for China State Railway Group Co.A Ltd.to quickly implement the major strategic plan of CPC Central Committee and the State Council.for the establishment of Xiong'an New Area.Xiong'an Station with double-floor spacious waiting areas and the wonderfiul integration of overpass and station building is the first modern integrated transport hub of this kind in China.Based on the characteristics of Xiong'an Station and in the light of the relevant new theories,methods and technologies,systematic studies and innovative practices on the new concept of building up a"well-connected,filly-integrated,environmen-frindly,passenger-oriented,economically-efficient,uurally-rich,intelligent and convenient"passenger station are carried oul,which achieve good results of application and help accumulate valuable experiences for the construction of passenger stations of Chinese high-speed railways in the new era.
文摘Chinese school vocational guidance originates in secondary school or vocational school.The practices and theoretical research on vocational guidance in colleges and universities is still relatively new.Vocational guidance of undergraduates is a new issue that needs to be addressed.This article will explore new concepts of vocational guidance from three aspects,including family education,students studies and systematic cultivation of universities.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 51572259)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant 2016YBF0100100 and2016YFA0200200)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant 201602737)Thousand Youth Talents Plan of China,DICP(DICP ZZBS201708)Exploratory Research Projects of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group)CO.,LTD&DICP
文摘Supercapacitors, with ultrahigh power density, superior rate capability, long-term cyclability, and exceptional safety, are regarded as one highly competitive candidate of electrochemical energy storage devices,filling the gap between batteries and conventional capacitors. Despite of tremendous effort, elaborated screening of high-performance electrode materials, e.g., graphene, is still intensively required. In this review, we describe the most recent progress in the research and development of graphene-based materials for high-performance and new-concept supercapacitors for the targeted applications in next-generation and smart electronics. First, the design and fabrication of high-performance supercapacitors, including electrical double layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors, were summarized in term of the charge storage mechanism. Second, new-concept supercapacitors with multiple functionalities of high-voltage, fiber-shape, microscale and shape-diversity in order to fulfill the requirements of future electronics are reviewed. Accordingly, special emphasis is given to the structure-dependent-performance effects of pores, hybridization, dimensionalities of graphene-based materials on performance of supercapacitors, and tremendous potential of graphene-based planar micro-supercapacitors for the direct seamlessly integration with versatile micro-electronics. Finally, perspectives and challenges of graphene-based supercapacitors are briefly discussed.
文摘The identification and molecular characterization of self-antigens expressed by human malignancies that are capable of elicitation of anti-tumor immune responses in patients have been an active field in tumor immunology. More than 2,000 tumor antigens have been identified, and most of these antigens are self-antigens. These significant progresses have led to the renaissance of tumor immunology and studies on anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, despite of the progress in the identification of self-tumor antigens, current antigen-specific immunotherapies for tumors are far less satisfied than expected, which reflects the urgent need to improve our understanding on self-tumor antigens. In order to develop more effective antigen specific anti-tumor immunotherapies and to monitor the responses to these immunotherapies in patients with tumors, many important fundamental questions need to be addressed. We propose for the first time that the studies in addressing the characteristics of self-tumor antigens and autoantigens are grouped as a new subject termed ＂antigenology＂. In this brief review, we would outline the progress in the identification of tumor antigens in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, and overview the new concepts and principles of antigenology and their significance for future immunotherapies to these malignancies.
文摘A combined approach of target,suspected target and non-target screening using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)was used to develop a new concept for water monitoring.With the current LC-MS/MS target approach for water monitoring,all targets can be quantified,but no additional information about the sample is collected.With the new concept,it is possible to detect 97%of the target compounds with a simplified quantification method without losing accuracy.Furthermore,a suspect target screening can be performed to get broader qualitative information about the water samples.In addition,the non-target screening offers the possibility to identify unknown micropollutants.All three evaluation steps depend on the same analytical measurement so that a lot of measurement and quality assurance effort can be saved.This concept could change water monitoring and assessment,and make it much more efficiently without losing information.There is a chance to measure less but learn more about the water bodies.
文摘The vast amount of the "omics" information of diseased "somatic" cell other than the polymorphic information of the "germline" genome sequences, brings about not
文摘Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC,Comrade Xi Jinping pools the wisdom of the Communist Party of China(Party for short),focusing on the overall issues,core issues,and key issues under the new situation of upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics,has made a series of important speeches,proposed a complete set of strategy for national governing,thus。
文摘Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has scientifically integrated the two overall situations of the country and the international community as well as the two major issues of development and security,thus forming a series of new concepts,new ideas and new strategies for governing the country.
文摘Teachers have to show solicitude for the mood of students and stimulate their interest of learning.Therefore,application of " New Educational Concept" and "Optimizing Teaching Structure" is badly needed.This thesis aims to arouse the English teaching staff's regard of New Educational Concept,so as to improve their teaching level through expatiation of how to apply New Curriculum Standards into English teaching.
文摘The authorities among 700 residents in Beijing, Shanghaiand Guangzhou conducted a recent survey of Chinese people'stendencies in educational consumption after China's entry intoWTO. Results show that people have different ideas towardsdifferent stages of education, and the advantages of
文摘Neurotrophins：Neurotrophins are peptides or proteins that are known to regulate neuronal viability,development,and function Beyond synaptic plasticity,neurotrophins protect neurons from apoptosis and also promote neurogenesis to recover neuronal defici even in adulthood.
文摘"New Normal"is the basic transition modality existing in the Chinese society to the historical development stage and the new normal mode has special pattern of manifestation in political,economic,cultural,social,legal and military fields.Recognizing,adapting to and leading new normal should become the basic content in the work of the party and the country in the coming period.
