<strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms during the postpartu...<strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms during the postpartum period affect physical health and child rearing and that these effects are important social issues. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The aims of this study were to clarify the differences in the transition of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms according to parity during a 6-month postpartum period and to clarify the differences in associations of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms with feelings for involvement with newborn infants in primiparous and multiparous postpartum women. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The design of this study was a longitudinal investigation. This study was conducted from February 2017 to July 2018 in Japan. By using self-administered questionnaires that included questions on psychological symptoms in a standard climacteric scale and questions on feelings for involvement with newborn infants, we collected data at 3 days postpartum, 2 weeks postpartum, one month postpartum, 3 months postpartum and 6 months postpartum. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Responses to all of the questionnaires were obtained from 121 (52.8%) of 229 women. The score for depressive symptoms in primiparous women was significantly higher than that in multiparous women at 3 days postpartum. Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms showed peaks at 2 weeks postpartum in both primiparous women and multiparous women, but depressive symptoms reoccurred from 3 months postpartum to 6 months postpartum in primiparous women and anxiety symptoms reoccurred from one month to 3 months postpartum in multiparous women. Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were associated with negative feelings for involvement with newborn infants and with mother’s sleeping time. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Changes in depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were different in primiparous women and multiparous women during a 6-month postpartum period. In addition, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were associated with negative feelings for involvement with newborn infants and with sleeping time in postpartum women.</span></span>展开更多
Introduction: The goal of Prevention of Mother to child Transmission (PMTCT) is to minimize new HIV infection with PMTCT interventions which can reduce to as low as 2%. Gusii region is number 5 among counties that con...Introduction: The goal of Prevention of Mother to child Transmission (PMTCT) is to minimize new HIV infection with PMTCT interventions which can reduce to as low as 2%. Gusii region is number 5 among counties that contribute to 65% of new HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in infections in Kenya. The study was to determine the prevalence of new HIV infections among infants (3 - 18 months) born of HIV positive mothers on PMTCT follow up at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital (KTRH). Method: This was a descriptive cross sectional study involving 96 infants born of HIV positive mothers on PMTCT programme at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital (KTRH) was conducted. The infants were between 3 to 18 months of age. The infants were investigated for their HIV status and factors associated with prevalence. The data collection was done during postnatal checkups, antiretroviral treatment follow up and immunization schedule. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: 13.5% (95% C.I = 10.1% to 16.9%) were found to be positive despite their mothers being on PMTCT program. There was no significant difference between gender and status of the infant (χ2 = 0.758, df = 1, p-value = 0.0384). Conclusion: The study confirms that there are still new HIV infections despite being followed up in the PMTCT program. The new HIV infections were associated with mixed feeding. Recommendation: Counseling on Infant feeding, use of ant-retroviral treatment and support from partners should be strengthen in the PMTCT program to ensure reduction of new HIV infections.展开更多
文摘<strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms during the postpartum period affect physical health and child rearing and that these effects are important social issues. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The aims of this study were to clarify the differences in the transition of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms according to parity during a 6-month postpartum period and to clarify the differences in associations of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms with feelings for involvement with newborn infants in primiparous and multiparous postpartum women. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The design of this study was a longitudinal investigation. This study was conducted from February 2017 to July 2018 in Japan. By using self-administered questionnaires that included questions on psychological symptoms in a standard climacteric scale and questions on feelings for involvement with newborn infants, we collected data at 3 days postpartum, 2 weeks postpartum, one month postpartum, 3 months postpartum and 6 months postpartum. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Responses to all of the questionnaires were obtained from 121 (52.8%) of 229 women. The score for depressive symptoms in primiparous women was significantly higher than that in multiparous women at 3 days postpartum. Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms showed peaks at 2 weeks postpartum in both primiparous women and multiparous women, but depressive symptoms reoccurred from 3 months postpartum to 6 months postpartum in primiparous women and anxiety symptoms reoccurred from one month to 3 months postpartum in multiparous women. Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were associated with negative feelings for involvement with newborn infants and with mother’s sleeping time. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Changes in depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were different in primiparous women and multiparous women during a 6-month postpartum period. In addition, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were associated with negative feelings for involvement with newborn infants and with sleeping time in postpartum women.</span></span>
文摘Introduction: The goal of Prevention of Mother to child Transmission (PMTCT) is to minimize new HIV infection with PMTCT interventions which can reduce to as low as 2%. Gusii region is number 5 among counties that contribute to 65% of new HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in infections in Kenya. The study was to determine the prevalence of new HIV infections among infants (3 - 18 months) born of HIV positive mothers on PMTCT follow up at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital (KTRH). Method: This was a descriptive cross sectional study involving 96 infants born of HIV positive mothers on PMTCT programme at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital (KTRH) was conducted. The infants were between 3 to 18 months of age. The infants were investigated for their HIV status and factors associated with prevalence. The data collection was done during postnatal checkups, antiretroviral treatment follow up and immunization schedule. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: 13.5% (95% C.I = 10.1% to 16.9%) were found to be positive despite their mothers being on PMTCT program. There was no significant difference between gender and status of the infant (χ2 = 0.758, df = 1, p-value = 0.0384). Conclusion: The study confirms that there are still new HIV infections despite being followed up in the PMTCT program. The new HIV infections were associated with mixed feeding. Recommendation: Counseling on Infant feeding, use of ant-retroviral treatment and support from partners should be strengthen in the PMTCT program to ensure reduction of new HIV infections.
