Language change is the manner in which the phonetic, morphological, semantic, syntactic, and other features of a language are modified over time. Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other lang...Language change is the manner in which the phonetic, morphological, semantic, syntactic, and other features of a language are modified over time. Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get combined or shortened. Information and communication technologies （ICT） are one of the major driving forces in the process of globalization. This paper focuses on some lexicon changes over the last two decades. In particular, affixation, compounding, blending, and meaning shift are illustrated in detail.展开更多
Editor’s Note：Every year a number of new words and phrases from the Internet make it into a language’s vocabulary.Sorting through the most popular buzzwords and phrases used by China’s netizens reveals a virtual s...Editor’s Note：Every year a number of new words and phrases from the Internet make it into a language’s vocabulary.Sorting through the most popular buzzwords and phrases used by China’s netizens reveals a virtual smorgasbord of linguistic ingenuity and also what was most important in the last 12 months.Let’s take a look at what was on the tip of China’s tongue in 2013展开更多
To start with,I mention that certainnew words and expressions are used rela-tively often by journalists when they com-pose reports and articles.Their writing issaid to be all right for a newspaper,butthat lacks imagin...To start with,I mention that certainnew words and expressions are used rela-tively often by journalists when they com-pose reports and articles.Their writing issaid to be all right for a newspaper,butthat lacks imagination and beauty.Exam-pies:1.After the huddle with top Democratsand Republicans,the President展开更多
New words and expressions I havementioned in my previous article(见《福建外语》1984年4期)are supple-mented and amplified with the follow-ing:1.The capital put on festive air(首都披上节日盛装)。
From the initial sparks of fire to the present independent school, the network language has become the research object of many language scholars. With the rapid development of the lntemet, a large number of the networ...From the initial sparks of fire to the present independent school, the network language has become the research object of many language scholars. With the rapid development of the lntemet, a large number of the network new words and hot words have a rapid impact on people＇s social communication and their life. This kind of the vocabularies truly reflects the different life attitudes and cultures mainly with the words as the carrier, and then shows the network cultures, mentalities and life styles of the Chinese people, and especially the young people in different stages. From the perspective of the English vocabulary, take the reverse into consideration of the reaction of the network new and hot words on the present situations of the life of young people, the latest social phenomena and the importance and particularity of the new things, and we can find out the roles and values of the network new and hot words in the intercultural communication.展开更多
Finding out out-of-vocabulary words is an urgent and difficult task in Chinese words segmentation. To avoid the defect causing by offline training in the traditional method, the paper proposes an improved prediction b...Finding out out-of-vocabulary words is an urgent and difficult task in Chinese words segmentation. To avoid the defect causing by offline training in the traditional method, the paper proposes an improved prediction by partical match （PPM） segmenting algorithm for Chinese words based on extracting local context information, which adds the context information of the testing text into the local PPM statistical model so as to guide the detection of new words. The algorithm focuses on the process of online segmentatien and new word detection which achieves a good effect in the close or opening test, and outperforms some well-known Chinese segmentation system to a certain extent.展开更多
The job of a translator is not an easy one. Very often, when translating from one language to another, the translator is faced with a lot of difficulties. The difficulties arise from the non-parallel structures of dif...The job of a translator is not an easy one. Very often, when translating from one language to another, the translator is faced with a lot of difficulties. The difficulties arise from the non-parallel structures of different languages, but there are other reasons, too. Although the translator is, in most cases, familiar with the grammar and syntax of the source-language, the problems arise when it comes to words. New words are produced every day in many different ways. Some of these new coinages acquire the status of the regular words of the English vocabulary, but some disappear with the changing of the situation for which they were invented. Very often, these new words are highly imaginative and clever products, but the problem for the translator is how to translate them. Is it possible to find an equivalent in the Serbian language for every newly invented word？ Is it possible to translate word for word？ And what is the role of a translator in that process？展开更多
Based on empirical research and qualitative analysis, this paper aims to explore the effects of interlingual strategies on L2 vocabulary teaching. The results show that, during L2 vocabulary teaching process, the prop...Based on empirical research and qualitative analysis, this paper aims to explore the effects of interlingual strategies on L2 vocabulary teaching. The results show that, during L2 vocabulary teaching process, the proper application of interlingual strategies can effectively facilitate the memorization of new words, and the bilingual method （both English explanation and Chinese translation） is welcomed by most subjects. Therefore, using L1 as a means of semantization or as a tool for checking and validating L2 learners＇ understanding of word meaning should not be completely rejected, especially for adult Chinese EFL learners.展开更多
A novel method of constructing sentiment lexicon of new words(SLNW)is proposed to realize effective Weibo sentiment analysis by integrating existing lexicons of sentiments,lexicons of degree,negation and network.Based...A novel method of constructing sentiment lexicon of new words(SLNW)is proposed to realize effective Weibo sentiment analysis by integrating existing lexicons of sentiments,lexicons of degree,negation and network.Based on left-right entropy and mutual information(MI)neologism discovery algorithms,this new algorithm divides N-gram to obtain strings dynamically instead of relying on fixed sliding window when using Trie as data structure.The sentiment-oriented point mutual information(SO-PMI)algorithm with Laplacian smoothing is used to distinguish sentiment tendency of new words found in the data set to form SLNW by putting new words to basic sentiment lexicon.Experiments show that the sentiment analysis based on SLNW performs better than others.Precision,recall and F-measure are improved in both topic and non-topic Weibo data sets.展开更多
The auto industry, in cooperation over the past 23 years, is embracing new changes. Various new forms are finding use there which used to be dominated by introduced technology, brand name or funds.
Chinese new words are particularly problematic in Chinese natural language processing. With the fast development of Internet and information explosion, it is impossible to get a complete system lexicon for application...Chinese new words are particularly problematic in Chinese natural language processing. With the fast development of Internet and information explosion, it is impossible to get a complete system lexicon for applications in Chinese natural language processing, as new words out of dictionaries are always being created. The procedure of new words identification and POS tagging are usually separated and the features of lexical information cannot be fully used. A latent discriminative model, which combines the strengths of Latent Dynamic Conditional Random Field （LDCRF） and semi-CRF, is proposed to detect new words together with their POS synchronously regardless of the types of new words from Chinese text without being pre-segmented. Unlike semi-CRF, in proposed latent discriminative model, LDCRF is applied to generate candidate entities, which accelerates the training speed and decreases the computational cost. The complexity of proposed hidden semi-CRF could be further adjusted by tuning the number of hidden variables and the number of candidate entities from the Nbest outputs of LDCRF model. A new-word-generating framework is proposed for model training and testing, under which the definitions and distributions of new words conform to the ones in real text. The global feature called ＂Global Fragment Features＂ for new word identification is adopted. We tested our model on the corpus from SIGHAN-6. Experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of detecting even low frequency new words together with their POS tags with satisfactory results. The proposed model performs competitively with the state-of-the-art models.展开更多
Textbook evaluation is of great importance for both teaching and learning. A review on several previouslypopular evaluation systems makes us believe that a more objective and quantitative evaluation approach isdespera...Textbook evaluation is of great importance for both teaching and learning. A review on several previouslypopular evaluation systems makes us believe that a more objective and quantitative evaluation approach isdesperately needed. Thus a new exploration to evaluate textbooks via corpus is discussed in this paper in lightof Second Language Acquisition studies.展开更多
Courtesy of translation, the word ＂love＂ （lian ＂ai 恋爱） entered the modem Chinese language in the early 20th century, leading to changes in the mode, experience, meaning and evaluation of ＂feelings between men ...Courtesy of translation, the word ＂love＂ （lian ＂ai 恋爱） entered the modem Chinese language in the early 20th century, leading to changes in the mode, experience, meaning and evaluation of ＂feelings between men and women＂ by virtue of this new nomenclature. The word entered public discourse and became the point of entry for new Chinese ethical construction, spawning a series of new moral propositions from the late Qing to the May Fourth Movement together with corresponding works of new literature. The ＂free marriage＂ advocated in the late Qing confirmed the modem consciousness of marriage premised on love and determined primarily by the will of the parties themselves, initiating a new style of civilized marriage. In the early Republican period, the word ＂love＂ was temporarily stigmatized in the course of sinicization, with the result that it was generally avoided in romance fiction. However, the widespread cult of the ＂spiritual character of love＂ in novels of tragic love laid the foundation for the emergence of＂the sanctity of love＂ in the May Fourth period. The theory of love constructed at this time under the influence of Western theories made a subtle distinction between the ＂freedom of love＂ and ＂free love,＂ reflecting the ideological divergence within the New Culture community. In terms of spatial imagery and descriptions of love, the pioneering creation of romantic literature during the May Fourth period deconstructed the patriarchal authority that suppressed individual freedom, undermining traditional morality and opening up new fields for literary expression. But since the one-dimensional pursuit of individual freedom also led to weaknesses such as superficial emotionalism, May Fourth romantic literature could not take the experiences and expression of love to a deeper level.展开更多
文摘Language change is the manner in which the phonetic, morphological, semantic, syntactic, and other features of a language are modified over time. Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get combined or shortened. Information and communication technologies （ICT） are one of the major driving forces in the process of globalization. This paper focuses on some lexicon changes over the last two decades. In particular, affixation, compounding, blending, and meaning shift are illustrated in detail.
文摘Editor’s Note：Every year a number of new words and phrases from the Internet make it into a language’s vocabulary.Sorting through the most popular buzzwords and phrases used by China’s netizens reveals a virtual smorgasbord of linguistic ingenuity and also what was most important in the last 12 months.Let’s take a look at what was on the tip of China’s tongue in 2013
文摘To start with,I mention that certainnew words and expressions are used rela-tively often by journalists when they com-pose reports and articles.Their writing issaid to be all right for a newspaper,butthat lacks imagination and beauty.Exam-pies:1.After the huddle with top Democratsand Republicans,the President
文摘New words and expressions I havementioned in my previous article(见《福建外语》1984年4期)are supple-mented and amplified with the follow-ing:1.The capital put on festive air(首都披上节日盛装)。
文摘From the initial sparks of fire to the present independent school, the network language has become the research object of many language scholars. With the rapid development of the lntemet, a large number of the network new words and hot words have a rapid impact on people＇s social communication and their life. This kind of the vocabularies truly reflects the different life attitudes and cultures mainly with the words as the carrier, and then shows the network cultures, mentalities and life styles of the Chinese people, and especially the young people in different stages. From the perspective of the English vocabulary, take the reverse into consideration of the reaction of the network new and hot words on the present situations of the life of young people, the latest social phenomena and the importance and particularity of the new things, and we can find out the roles and values of the network new and hot words in the intercultural communication.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No.60903129)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA010107, No.2006AA010108)Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No.2008F3105)
文摘Finding out out-of-vocabulary words is an urgent and difficult task in Chinese words segmentation. To avoid the defect causing by offline training in the traditional method, the paper proposes an improved prediction by partical match （PPM） segmenting algorithm for Chinese words based on extracting local context information, which adds the context information of the testing text into the local PPM statistical model so as to guide the detection of new words. The algorithm focuses on the process of online segmentatien and new word detection which achieves a good effect in the close or opening test, and outperforms some well-known Chinese segmentation system to a certain extent.
文摘The job of a translator is not an easy one. Very often, when translating from one language to another, the translator is faced with a lot of difficulties. The difficulties arise from the non-parallel structures of different languages, but there are other reasons, too. Although the translator is, in most cases, familiar with the grammar and syntax of the source-language, the problems arise when it comes to words. New words are produced every day in many different ways. Some of these new coinages acquire the status of the regular words of the English vocabulary, but some disappear with the changing of the situation for which they were invented. Very often, these new words are highly imaginative and clever products, but the problem for the translator is how to translate them. Is it possible to find an equivalent in the Serbian language for every newly invented word？ Is it possible to translate word for word？ And what is the role of a translator in that process？
文摘Based on empirical research and qualitative analysis, this paper aims to explore the effects of interlingual strategies on L2 vocabulary teaching. The results show that, during L2 vocabulary teaching process, the proper application of interlingual strategies can effectively facilitate the memorization of new words, and the bilingual method （both English explanation and Chinese translation） is welcomed by most subjects. Therefore, using L1 as a means of semantization or as a tool for checking and validating L2 learners＇ understanding of word meaning should not be completely rejected, especially for adult Chinese EFL learners.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,China(No.18ZR1401200)Special Fund for Innovation and Development of Shanghai Industrial Internet,China(No.2019-GYHLW-01004)。
文摘A novel method of constructing sentiment lexicon of new words(SLNW)is proposed to realize effective Weibo sentiment analysis by integrating existing lexicons of sentiments,lexicons of degree,negation and network.Based on left-right entropy and mutual information(MI)neologism discovery algorithms,this new algorithm divides N-gram to obtain strings dynamically instead of relying on fixed sliding window when using Trie as data structure.The sentiment-oriented point mutual information(SO-PMI)algorithm with Laplacian smoothing is used to distinguish sentiment tendency of new words found in the data set to form SLNW by putting new words to basic sentiment lexicon.Experiments show that the sentiment analysis based on SLNW performs better than others.Precision,recall and F-measure are improved in both topic and non-topic Weibo data sets.
文摘The auto industry, in cooperation over the past 23 years, is embracing new changes. Various new forms are finding use there which used to be dominated by introduced technology, brand name or funds.
基金partially supported by the Doctor Startup Fund of Liaoning Province under Grant No.20101021
文摘Chinese new words are particularly problematic in Chinese natural language processing. With the fast development of Internet and information explosion, it is impossible to get a complete system lexicon for applications in Chinese natural language processing, as new words out of dictionaries are always being created. The procedure of new words identification and POS tagging are usually separated and the features of lexical information cannot be fully used. A latent discriminative model, which combines the strengths of Latent Dynamic Conditional Random Field （LDCRF） and semi-CRF, is proposed to detect new words together with their POS synchronously regardless of the types of new words from Chinese text without being pre-segmented. Unlike semi-CRF, in proposed latent discriminative model, LDCRF is applied to generate candidate entities, which accelerates the training speed and decreases the computational cost. The complexity of proposed hidden semi-CRF could be further adjusted by tuning the number of hidden variables and the number of candidate entities from the Nbest outputs of LDCRF model. A new-word-generating framework is proposed for model training and testing, under which the definitions and distributions of new words conform to the ones in real text. The global feature called ＂Global Fragment Features＂ for new word identification is adopted. We tested our model on the corpus from SIGHAN-6. Experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of detecting even low frequency new words together with their POS tags with satisfactory results. The proposed model performs competitively with the state-of-the-art models.
文摘Textbook evaluation is of great importance for both teaching and learning. A review on several previouslypopular evaluation systems makes us believe that a more objective and quantitative evaluation approach isdesperately needed. Thus a new exploration to evaluate textbooks via corpus is discussed in this paper in lightof Second Language Acquisition studies.
基金the initial research result of the National Social Science Fund Program of "Studies on Sexual Theory from the West and Modern Trends of Literary Thought in China."Its serial number is 11BZW123,and the title of the Chinese version is"The Emergence of‘Love’and Conceptual Changes in Modern Literature"("恋爱"之发生与现代文学观念变迁)
文摘Courtesy of translation, the word ＂love＂ （lian ＂ai 恋爱） entered the modem Chinese language in the early 20th century, leading to changes in the mode, experience, meaning and evaluation of ＂feelings between men and women＂ by virtue of this new nomenclature. The word entered public discourse and became the point of entry for new Chinese ethical construction, spawning a series of new moral propositions from the late Qing to the May Fourth Movement together with corresponding works of new literature. The ＂free marriage＂ advocated in the late Qing confirmed the modem consciousness of marriage premised on love and determined primarily by the will of the parties themselves, initiating a new style of civilized marriage. In the early Republican period, the word ＂love＂ was temporarily stigmatized in the course of sinicization, with the result that it was generally avoided in romance fiction. However, the widespread cult of the ＂spiritual character of love＂ in novels of tragic love laid the foundation for the emergence of＂the sanctity of love＂ in the May Fourth period. The theory of love constructed at this time under the influence of Western theories made a subtle distinction between the ＂freedom of love＂ and ＂free love,＂ reflecting the ideological divergence within the New Culture community. In terms of spatial imagery and descriptions of love, the pioneering creation of romantic literature during the May Fourth period deconstructed the patriarchal authority that suppressed individual freedom, undermining traditional morality and opening up new fields for literary expression. But since the one-dimensional pursuit of individual freedom also led to weaknesses such as superficial emotionalism, May Fourth romantic literature could not take the experiences and expression of love to a deeper level.
