High-rate electrochemical H_(2)O_(2) production over multimetallic atom catalysts under acidic–neutral conditions

Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))production by the electrochemical 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e−ORR)is a promising alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone process,and single-atom electrocatalysts show the unique capability of high selectivity toward 2e−ORR against the 4e−one.The extremely low surface density of the single-atom sites and the inflexibility in manipulating their geometric/electronic configurations,however,compromise the H_(2)O_(2) yield and impede further performance enhancement.Herein,we construct a family of multiatom catalysts(MACs),on which two or three single atoms are closely coordinated to form high-density active sites that are versatile in their atomic configurations for optimal adsorption of essential*OOH species.Among them,the Cox–Ni MAC presents excellent electrocatalytic performance for 2e−ORR,in terms of its exceptionally high H_(2)O_(2) yield in acidic electrolytes(28.96 mol L^(−1) gcat.^(−1) h^(−1))and high selectivity under acidic to neutral conditions in a wide potential region(>80%,0–0.7 V).Operando X-ray absorption and density functional theory analyses jointly unveil its unique trimetallic Co2NiN8 configuration,which efficiently induces an appropriate Ni–d orbital filling and modulates the*OOH adsorption,together boosting the electrocatalytic 2e−ORR capability.This work thus provides a new MAC strategy for tuning the geometric/electronic structure of active sites for 2e−ORR and other potential electrochemical processes.

Applied methods for studying the relationship between climatic factors and cotton production

This study investigates the statistical relationship between climatic variables and aspects of cotton production (G. barbadense), and the effects of climatic factors prevailing prior to flowering or subsequent to boll setting on flower and boll production and retention in cotton. The effects of specific climatic factors during both pre-?and post-anthesis periods on boll production and retention are mostly unknown. However, by determining the relationship of climatic factors with flower and boll production and retention, the overall level of production can be possibly predicted. Thus, an understanding of these relationships may help physiologists determine control mechanisms of production in cotton plants. Also, the study covers the predicted effects of climatic factors during convenient intervals (in days) on cotton flower and boll production compared with daily observations. Further, cotton flower and boll production as affected by climatic factors and soil moisture status has been considered. Evaporation, sunshine duration, relative humidity, surface soil temperature at 1800 h, and maximum air temperature, are the important climatic factors that significantly affect flower and boll production. The least important variables were found to be surface soil temperature at 600 h and minimum temperature. The five-day interval was found to be more adequately and sensibly related to yield parameters. Evaporation, minimum humidity and sunshine duration were the most effective climatic factors during preceding and succeeding periods on boll production and retention. There was a negative correlation between flower number and boll production and either evaporation or sunshine duration, while that correlation with minimum relative humidity was positive. The soil moisture status showed low and insignificant correlation with flower and boll production. Higher minimum relative humidity, short period of sunshine duration, and low temperatures enhanced flower and boll formation.

Statistical Study: Nature Relationship between Climatic Variables Prevailing Prior to Flowering or Subsequent to Boll Setting and Cotton Production

This study investigates the statistical relationship between climatic variables and aspects of cotton production (G. barbadense), and the effects of climatic factors prevailing prior to flowering or subsequent to boll setting on flower and boll production and retention in cotton. The effects of specific climatic factors during both pre- and post-anthesis periods on boll production and retention are mostly unknown. Thus, an understanding of these relationships may help physiologists to determine control mechanisms of production in cotton plants. Evaporation, sunshine duration, relative humidity, surface soil temperature at 1800 h, and maximum air temperature, are the important climatic factors that significantly affect flower and boll production. The least important variables were found to be surface soil temperature at 0600 h and minimum temperature. There was a negative correlation between flower and boll production and either evaporation or sunshine duration, while that correlation with minimum relative humidity was positive. Higher minimum relative humidity, short period of sunshine duration, and low temperatures enhanced flower and boll formation.

Combining Deep Learning with Knowledge Graph for Design Knowledge Acquisition in Conceptual Product Design

The acquisition of valuable design knowledge from massive fragmentary data is challenging for designers in conceptual product design.This study proposes a novel method for acquiring design knowledge by combining deep learning with knowledge graph.Specifically,the design knowledge acquisition method utilises the knowledge extraction model to extract design-related entities and relations from fragmentary data,and further constructs the knowledge graph to support design knowledge acquisition for conceptual product design.Moreover,the knowledge extraction model introduces ALBERT to solve memory limitation and communication overhead in the entity extraction module,and uses multi-granularity information to overcome segmentation errors and polysemy ambiguity in the relation extraction module.Experimental comparison verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed knowledge extraction model.The case study demonstrated the feasibility of the knowledge graph construction with real fragmentary porcelain data and showed the capability to provide designers with interconnected and visualised design knowledge.

Short Communication: Enhancing the Drying Process of Microbial-Based Products with a Dehumidifier

The development of microbial-based products requires certain criteria for them to be successfully commercialized. The product must meet the following desirable criteria: effectiveness, contamination free, stability, cost-effectiveness, and a prolonged shelf life. Controlling the drying process is crucial for ensuring the stability and durability of the product. The traditional approach, which involved mechanical and natural drying, led to decreased productivity and quality. The objective of this research endeavour was to achieve a dry process enhancement while preserving the microbial quality of Trichoderma asperellum (M103). The temperature and relative humidity during the drying period were monitored under two conditions: with and without a dehumidifier. The results demonstrate that the dehumidifier increases drying period efficiency by up to 63%.

On Enforcing Dyadic-type Homogeneous Binary Function Product Constraints in MatBase

Homogeneous binary function products are frequently encountered in the sub-universes modeled by databases,spanning from genealogical trees and sports to education and healthcare,etc.Their properties must be discovered and enforced by the software applications managing such data to guarantee plausibility.The(Elementary)Mathematical Data Model provides 17 types of dyadic-based homogeneous binary function product constraint categories.MatBase,an intelligent data and knowledge base management system prototype,allows database designers to simply declare them by only clicking corresponding checkboxes and automatically generates code for enforcing them.This paper describes the algorithms that MatBase uses for enforcing all 17 types of homogeneous binary function product constraint,which may also be employed by developers without access to MatBase.

Seasonal changes in the relationship between species richness and community biomass in grassland under grazing and exclosure, Horqin Sandy Land, northern China

How species diversityroductivity relationships respond to temporal dynamics and land use is still not clear in semi-arid grassland ecosystems. We analyzed seasonal changes of the relationships between vegetation cover, plant density, species richness, and above- ground biomass in grasslands under grazing and exclosure in the Horqin Sandy Land of northem China. Our results showed that in grazed and fenced grassland, vegetation cover, richness, and biomass were lower in April than in August, whereas plant density showed a reverse trend. Vegetation cover during the growing season and biomass in June and August were higher in fenced grassland than in grazed grassland, whereas plant density in April and June was lower in fenced grassland than in grazed grassland. A negative relationship between species richness and biomass was found in August in fenced grassland, and in grazed grassland the relationship between plant density and biomass changed from positive in April to negative in August. The relationship between the density of the dominant plant species and the total biomass also varied with seasonal changes and land use （grazing and exclosure）. These results suggest that long-term grazing, seasonal changes, and their interaction significantly influence vegetation cover, plant density, and bio- mass in grasslands. Plant species competition in fenced grassland results in seasonal changes of the relationship between species rich- ness and biomass. Long-term grazing also affects seasonal changes of the density and biomass of dominant plant species, which fur- tiler affects the seasonal relationship between plant density and biomass in grasslands. Our study demonstrates the importance of tem- poral dynamics and land use in understanding the relationship between species richness and ecosystem fianction.

Impact of related subjects' behavior on agricultural products' quality safety

With the frequent occurrence of agricultural product safety incidents in recent years, the agricultural products' quality safety has become more and more concerned by the people. The relevant subjects are the direct relationship with the quality safety of agricultural products, and play a key role in ensuring the quality safety of agricultural products. This paper analyzes the behavior performance of production subject, circulation subject, consumption subject, supervision subject on agricultural products' quality safety, and puts forward the following countermeasures to improve the quality safety of agricultural products according to their behavior performance: to regulate the production of agricultural products, to strengthen the management and control agricultural inputs, to improve the safety supervision system of agricultural products, to accelerate the development of new circulation subject, to actively cultivate and develop new types agricultural business, to accelerate the process of agricultural scale management, to establish the multiple supervision subject, and to make up the regulatory loopholes.

Automatic Detection Instrument for the Ratio of Chlorine to Bromine in Oxidized Liquid of Bromine Production Based on Fuzzy Method

In the process of bromine production,because of lag adjustment methods,there are problems of adjusting delay,raw material wastage and low growth rate.By considering the nature of bromine production,with the help of fuzzy data processing method,computer detection and display technique,we designed an automatic detection instrument for the ratio of chlorine to bromine in oxidized liquid of bromine production.This instrument can be used to detect the different parameters of raw materials adjustment and control in real time,and afford assurance that raw materials will be adjusted in time.This paper briefly introduces the working mechanism,hardware and software design of the instrument.

新质生产力理论的科学内涵及其重大创新意义

2023年9月习近平总书记原创性地提出了“新质生产力”这一新范畴,在随后一系列重要会议上,习近平总书记反复强调要加快发展新质生产力。2024年1月习近平总书记进一步全面阐述了新质生产力的特征、基本内涵、核心标志、特点、关键和本质等基本理论问题,深刻指明发展新质生产力的重大意义和实践要求,形成了系统的新质生产力理论,开拓了习近平经济思想新境界。新质生产力理论是新征程上推动高质量发展的科学指南和根本遵循,必须以马克思主义为指导,全面认识新质生产力理论的实践依据和思想来源,从而深刻理解其科学性;全面认识新质生产力理论的丰富内涵,从而深刻理解其系统性;全面认识发展新质生产力与高质量发展之间的逻辑关系,从而深刻理解其重要性;全面认识新质生产力理论与马克思主义理论的内在联系,从而深刻理解其创新性。

数字经济时代加快发展新质生产力

加快形成新质生产力是构建新发展格局、推动高质量发展的重要动力,是实现中国式现代化的关键。数字经济带来新的经济增长方式,为新质生产力赋予新的内涵,为加快形成新质生产力提供新的路径。新质生产力是数字经济时代的生产力。数字经济革命性和颠覆性创新能够促进全要素生产率水平提升,有助于实现劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象及其优化组合的跃升,推动现代化产业体系建设。加快发展数字经济时代新质生产力需要加大数字经济建设投入、优化现代产业链供应链、推进数字产业化与产业数字化、发展培育新兴产业与未来产业、开展“人工智能+”行动以及培养数字劳动力。

新质生产力与新型生产关系的双向度变革研究

生产力与生产关系的总和构成社会生产方式。新质生产力是马克思主义生产力理论中国化时代化的重要命题,是高质量发展的强劲动力和实现中国式现代化的内在要求;同时,必须全面深化改革,形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。对此,需要更加准确践行“推进党的创新理论体系化学理化”的使命要求,从生产力与生产关系的矛盾运动中全面科学地把握新质生产力的形成、发展与实现,既表现为新质生产力方面技术进步、产业升级、要素配置的革命性意义,与高质量发展新阶段、生产方式新变革、社会关系新特征的决定性作用;又反映出新型生产关系方面“生产—分配—交换—消费”四个环节、基本经济制度三个层面的时代内涵,以及其有助于新质生产力进一步解放和发展的反作用。所以,新质生产力与新型生产关系的双向度变革,一方面是以创新为核心的新质生产力发展,通过提升企业自主创新能力、重塑现代化产业体系、提高资源配置效率等实现;另一方面则是以改革为动力的新型生产关系构建,通过新型生产关系最集中体现的基本经济制度、科研评价体系与人才培养机制等实现。由此,推进新时代社会生产方式系统性、综合性的改善与优化。

3个高丹草品种在新疆北疆地区的生产性能综合评价

为筛选出适宜在新疆北疆地区推广种植的高丹草品种,采用随机区组设计,测定了3个冀草系列高丹草品种(冀草5号、冀草2号、冀草8号)的株高、干鲜比、草产量等指标,并利用灰色关联法进行了生产性能综合评价。结果表明,根据3个品种在北疆地区的生育期可将冀草5号、冀草2号、冀草8号分别划分为早、中、晚熟品种。冀草5号的株高最高,为325.30 cm,冀草2号的草产量最高,其鲜草产量为127 556.19 kg/hm^(2),干草产草量可达30 613.49 kg/hm^(2)。灰色关联度综合评价结果由高到低的顺序为冀草2号>冀草5号>冀草8号。说明冀草2号高丹草更适宜在新疆北疆地区推广种植。

青贮黑麦草对奶山羊生产性能、乳成分和血清相关指标的影响

试验旨在探究青贮黑麦草代替饲粮中10%青贮紫花苜蓿对奶山羊生产性能、乳成分和血清相关指标的影响。挑选体重、产奶量、胎次一致的健康奶山羊40只,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只羊。对照组奶山羊饲喂基础饲粮,试验组采用10%青贮黑麦草代替基础饲粮中等量的青贮紫花苜蓿。预试期1周,正式试验期8周(妊娠期和泌乳期均为4周)。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组初生羔羊体重和断奶羔羊存活率均显著升高(P<0.05),乳脂率显著升高(P<0.05),乳体细胞数显著下降(P<0.05);试验组奶山羊血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和球蛋白(GLB)含量均显著升高(P<0.05),甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TC)含量显著下降(P<0.05)。研究表明,以青贮黑麦草代替10%青贮紫花苜蓿可以提高羔羊存活率和幼羊生长性能,增加奶山羊采食量和产奶量,改善奶山羊的免疫功能,但对奶山羊血清抗氧化和肝功能等相关指标无显著影响。

西安市涉农产品检测机构建设调研

随着人民群众对农产品品质要求的提升,农产品质量安全检测机构的建设越来越受重视。为全面准确地认识和把握西安市农产品质量安全检验监测中心在全市涉农产品检测机构中的功能和职责定位,充分发挥其在全市农产品质量安全工作中的保障作用,采用现场座谈和问卷调查相结合的方式,对西安市域内省级、市级和第三方涉农产品检测机构的建设现状进行了调研。在此基础上,针对性地提出了西安市农检中心发展建设的对策和建议:紧密围绕主导产业检测需求,充分发挥检测机构实验室效能;依托全国名特优新农产品营养品质鉴定机构平台,促进西安市特色果品产业做大做强;以全面推广农产品全程质量控制技术为抓手,持续提高农业产前、产中、产后全过程服务水平。

基于GRA-ISM-HMM的广州市肉及肉制品安全风险评估

该研究旨在利用广州食品安全风险监测2015年至2020年针对肉及肉制品样本的检测数据,构建肉及肉制品的安全风险评估模型,从而了解广州市该段时间内肉及肉制品的食品安全风险及其时变特点。该研究采取灰色关联分析方法和解释结构模型建立风险指数,并基于该指标值作为隐马尔可夫模型的观测值探讨观测背后的隐含风险状态。分析结果显示,2015~2020年所有样本综合风险指数结果都在[0,0.45]之间,总体风险都较小,其中2019年风险最高;将风险指数进行等级划分,显示2015~2020年风险等级为[1,2,2,2,3,1];通过HMM分析得到这六年的隐藏风险等级为[0,1,1,1,2,0],与观测风险结果一致,且HMM预测2021年风险等级为1,即表明广州肉及肉制品风险往良好态势发展。最后,进行风险差异原因分析,发现各肉制品分类之间有差异,其中腊肠、鸡肉和腊肉的风险指数较高于其他种类,而2019年增加腊肠和腊肉的检测是风险增加的一个原因。总体来说,广州肉及肉制品风险较小,但依旧需要监督改善。

当代资本主义为什么垂而不死?——列斐伏尔《资本主义的幸存》研究

列斐伏尔断言,相对于19世纪和20世纪初期危机重重的竞争的资本主义,马克思和列宁关于资本主义走向消亡和垂死性的政治断言无疑都是正确的。然而,马克思和列宁都没有预料到的实际情况是:资产阶级为了资本主义制度的生存,不得不改变自己,并且已经真的改变了自己。资本主义却靠着“社会关系的再生产”,获得了自己的新的发展空间——空间的生产,由此获得了有限的幸存。