NOETHER’S CONSERVATION LAWS OF HOLONOMIC NONCONSERVATIVE DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS IN GENERALIZED MECHANICS

In the present paper, three kinds of forms for Noether’s conservation laws of hol-onomic nonconservative dynamical systems in generalized mechanics are given.

Principles of Quantum Mechanics and Laws of Wave Optics from One Mathematical Formula

Finding that in the formula of expansion of a function into a series of wave-like functions ?the coefficients are its Fourier transforms, if existed, we deduce mathematically all the principles and hypothesis that illustrated physicists utilized to build quantum mechanics a century ago, beginning with the duality particle-wave principle of Planck and including the Schrödinger equations. By the way, we find a simple Fourier transform relation between Dirac momentum and position bras and a useful permutation relation between operators in phase and Hilbert spaces. Moreover, from the found particle-wave duality formula we prove and obtain again essentially by mathematical analysis all the laws of wave optics concerning reflections, refractions, polarizations, diffractions by one or many identical 3D objects with various forms and dimensions.

Contradiction between Conservation Laws and Orthodox Quantum Mechanics

In this paper, it showed that the orthodox version of quantum mechanics contradicts the idea that conservation laws are valid in individual processes of measurement.

Primary Assumptions and Guidance Laws in Wave Mechanics

In an article written by Louis de Broglie in 1959 (30 years after the Nobel prize rewarding his foundation of Wave Mechanics), the most challenging problem raised by the Bohr, Heisenberg and Born Standard Quantum Mechanics (SQM) was pointed out in the renunciation to describe “a permanent localization in space, and therefore a well-defined trajectory” for any moving particle. This challenge is taken up in the present paper, showing that de Broglie’s Primary Assumption p=hk, predicting the wave-particle duality, does also allow to obtain from the energy-dependent form of the Schrödinger and/or Klein-Gordon equations the Guidance Laws piloting particles along well-defined trajectories. The energy-independent equations, on the other hand, may only give rise—both in SQM and in the Bohmian approach—to probabilistic descriptions, overshadowing the role of de Broglie’s matter waves in physical space.

No country is an island in regulating food safety:How the WTO monitors Chinese food safety laws through the Trade Policy Review Mechanism(TPRM)

Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM） reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China＇s trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China＇s trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures （SPS） and on Technical Barriers to Trade （TBTAgreement）, import and export, and geographical indications （GIs）. It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.

Integrating Factors and Conservation Laws for Relativistic Mechanical System

In this paper, we present a new method to construct the conservation laws for relativistic mechanical systems by finding corresponding integrating factors. First, the Lagrange equations of relativistic mechanical systems are established, and the definition of integrating factors of the systems is given; second, the necessary conditions for the existence of conserved quantities of the relativistic mechanical systems are studied in detail, and the relation between the conservation laws and the integrating factors of the systems is obtained and the generalized Killing equations for the determination of the integrating factors are given; finally, the conservation theorem and its inverse for the systems are established, and an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

CONSERVATION LAWS AND SYMMETRIES OF SYSTEMS WITH UNILATERAL CONSTRAINTS IN PHASE SPACE

By introducing the generalized quasi-symmetry of the infinitesimaltransformation for transformation group G_r, this paper studies theconservation laws and symmetries of dynamical systems with unilateralconstraints in phase space. Noether's theorem and Noether's inversetheorem for me- chanical system with unilateral constraints in phasespace are obtained and two kinds of equivalent forms of generalizedKilling equations which are used to determine the generators of theinfinitesimal group transformation are given.

STUDIES ON MECHANICS PROBLEM OF DYNAMIC WALKING OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC BIPED ROBOTS

This paper deals with the mechanics problem of dynamic walking of anthropomorphic biped robots. Through analysing the mechanics system of this kind of robots in detail, the motion constraint equations are established, three mechanics laws describing the r

Mechanical Properties of Simple s-p Metals, and Defect Energies from Electron Theory and from Interatomic Force Laws

The cleavage force F(z) needed to separate parallel atomic planes by a distance z is first discussed for simple s-p metals using density functional theory.For the s-p nearly free-electron metals the linearized Thomas-Fermi equation is solved self-consistently in the cases of (a) semi-infinite planes of jellium (i.e. smeared uniform positive ions) and (b) a semi-infinite cylinder of finite radius, cleaved by a plane perpendicular to its axis. In (a), the elastic region has the form F(z)=Az ∝ Zrs-11/2, where rs is the mean interelectronic distance in the jellium model. Size effects are then considered, with possible relevance to atomic force microscopy.Defect energies are treated, using both electron theory and pair force laws.

Damage Mechanics of Ferrite Ductile Iron under Uniaxial Stress

According to the principle of damage mechanics,the damage characteristics of ferrite nodular cast iron under uniaxial stress were studied by measuring electric resistance. The results show that the damage in nodular cast iron occurs when the applied stress is more than a certain extent,and the damage variable increases with stress. The evolutional law of damage variable as a function of stress was obtained.The damage threshold of nodular cast iron increases with nodularity,but it is below the yield strength,which provides reference significance to the design of machinery structure and the choice of materials.The critical damage variable is not related to the nodularity,which is about 0. 060-0. 068.

THE THEORY OF RELATIVISTIC ANALYTICAL MECHANICS OF THE ROTATIONAL SYSTEMS

The theory of rotational relativistic mechanics is discussed and the theory of relativistic analytical mechanics' of the rotational systems is constructed. The relativistic generalized kinetic energy function for the rotational systems [GRAPHICS] and the generalized acceleration energy function [GRAPHICS] are constructed, and furthermore, the Hamilton principle and three kinds of D'Alembert principles are given. For the systems with holonomic constraints, the relativistic Lagrange equation, Nielsen equation, Appell equation and Hamilton canonical equation of the rotational systems are constructed; For the systems with nonholonomic constraints, the relativistic Routh equation, Chaplygin equation, Nielsen equation and Appell equation of the rotational systems are constructed; the relativistic Noether conservation law of the rotational systems are given too.

Deformation and Densification Laws of Powder Cold Forging

The deformation and densification laws of preform upsetting and closed-die forging were researched based on experimental results of cold forging of deoxidized Fe powder sintering porous material under different initial conditions such as friction factor, ratio between height and diameter and relative density. The fracture limit criteria＂ for powder cold-forging upsetting and the limit strain curve were achieved. The effect of friction facto,, ratlt, between height and diameter and relative density on fracture strain limitation was emphatically analyzed. The limit process parameter curves for the deformation of upsetting were also confirmed. Laws of deformation, densification and density distribution for closed-die forging of powder perform during cold-forging were further analyzed and discussed with the help of experimental phase analysis. As a result, this experiment established theoretical foundations for the design of preform and die as well as optimization of technological process parameters.

NEW CONSERVATION LAWS OF ENERGY AND C-D INEQUALITIES IN CONTINUA WITHOUT MICROSTRUCTURE

Fundamental laws and balance equations as well as C-D inequalities in continuum mechanics are carefully restudied, incompleteness of existing balance laws of angular momentum and conservation laws of energy as well as C-D inequalities are pointed out, and finally new and more general conservation laws of energy and corresponding balance equations of energy as well as C-D inequalities in local and nonlocal asymmetric continua are presented.

Symmetries and Two Types of Non-Noether Conservation Laws of Birkhoffian System with Unilateral Constraints

The symmetries and non-Noether conservation laws of Birkhoffian system with unilateral constraints are studied. The differential equations of motion of the system are established, and the criterions of Noether symmetry, Lie symmetry and Mei symmetry of the system are given. Two types of new conservation laws, called the Hojman conservation law and the Mei conservation law respectively, are obtained, and the intrinsic relations among the symmetries and the new conservation laws are researched. At the end of the paper, an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

Coordination Mechanism of the Legal Protection of Resource Security with Its Relative Laws

The basis of the legal protection of resource security is its relative laws, which have four main characteristics, which are foundational, divergent, comprehensive and of long-term social benefits in view. The coordination mechanism of the legal protection of resource security with its relative laws meets the needs of the sustainable development of the economy, society and environment. It also facilitates and is facilitated by the modern transformation of the legal system in China, and upholds the legal system as a logically self-perfecting entity. Furthermore, this coordination bears scientific feasibility.

Multi-Barycenter Mechanics, N-Body Problem and Rotation of Galaxies and Stars

In the present paper, the establishment of a systematic multi-barycenter mechanics is based on the multi-particle mechanics. The new theory perfects the basic theoretical system of classical mechanics, which finds the law of mutual interaction between particle groups, reveals the limitations of Newton’s third law, discovers the principle of the intrinsic relationship between gravity and tidal force, reasonably interprets the origin and change laws for the rotation angular momentum of galaxies and stars and so on. By applying new theory, the multi-body problem can be transformed into a special two-body problem and for which an approximate solution method is proposed, the motion law of each particle can be roughly obtained.

Exploration of the Inner Laws of Urbanization Economic Operation and Application Analysis

Exploring the inner law of the economic operation of urbanization can understand the regulation mechanism of the optimal distribution of urban resource allocation. In this regard, we propose to explore and analyze the inner law of urbanization economic operation and its application. The study found that the urbanization economy originated from the urban agglomeration effect, which includes the agglomeration economic operation mechanism and spillover effect operation mechanism, based on which three kinds of inner laws of urbanization economic operation are explored, combined with the economic operation law, the non-equilibrium state of the declining cities are regulated and applied, and the results show that the analysis of the inner laws of urbanization economic operation has a direct significance in guiding the real economic process.

Study on the Geohazard Distribution Laws and Hazard-Causing Mechanism in Menghai County of Yunnan Province

The study area is located at the southwest border of Yunnan Province and the southward extended part of Nushan Mountain,with complex and fragile geo-environmental conditions.Deep geological survey and mathematical analytical investigation on the geohazard distribution and hazard-causing mechanisms in this area were carried out in this study.The results revealed that:(1)The development of geohazards was affected differently by difierent slope shapes,slope structures and elevations;(2)Most of the geohazards were developed in medium shallow cut ridge-like medium-height mountainous geomorphological region and shallow cut steamed bun-like low and medium-height mountainous geomorphological region,and they were relatively concentrated on tectonic zones like fault zones;(3)The slopes formed by loose earth piling up on the surface of Indo-Chinese magmatic rock and Lancang Group metamorphic rock formations were most prone to slope instability and even landslide.The deep study on the geohazard distribution and hazard-causing mechanisms can provide geoscientific basis and reference for the prevention and mitigation work of geohazards under similar geo-environmental conditions.

桉木化学机械浆废水好氧生物抑制特性分析及降解规律研究

采用GC-MS方法分析了桉木化学机械浆废水厌氧处理和好氧处理出水的有机物成分及含量,统计了好氧处理前后废水中碳原子数的分析情况,分析了废水中主要的生物难降解组分及降解规律。研究结果表明:经厌氧和好氧处理后残余的主要有机污染物为芳樟醇(C10,21.21%)、对叔丁基苯乙酸甲酯(C13,21.39%)、二氢月桂烯醇(C10,8.90%)、铃兰醛(C14,6.16%)和香茅醇(C10,4.76%)等,主要为含苯环有机物和抑菌成分,具有生物难降解性和抑菌性,宏观表现为生物处理去除率较低。好氧处理前后,废水中醇类物质质量分数从19.32%上升至51.71%,醛类物质质量分数从3.68%上升至13.35%,酯类物质质量分数从29.75%降至28.32%,含苯环有机物质量分数从32.70%上升至61.06%,说明其他有机物获得比含苯环有机物更大幅度的降解。建议通过解毒预处理和生物强化提高微生物活性等途径改善生物处理效果,减轻后续深度处理的难度,降低综合处理成本,实现低成本达标排放。

Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes and Treatment Laws of Diabetic Kidney Disease and the Action Mechanism of High-Frequency Chinese Herbs in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease Based on Real-World Study

Objective Our objective was to analyze the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome and treatment laws of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD based on realworldstudy.MethodsThe data of patients with DKD who had been treated in the First Hospital Affiliated to Henan Universityof ChineseMedicine from January1,2014to December 31,2021 were retrospectively analyzed through the hospital information management system.The contents of the cases were statistically analyzed using IBM SPsS Statistics 25 software,and the laws of DKDtreatment were summarized.Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to analyze the action mechanism of high-frequency Chinese herbs in the treatment of DKD.ResultsThe data of a total of 1,201 patients with DKD were included,involving 72 kinds of TCM syndromes.Nine disease nature elements and six disease location elements were extracted,involving 405 Chinese herbs.The top five high-frequency Chinese herbs were Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma),Fuling(Poria),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma),and Danshen(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).Thirty kinds of Chinese herbs with the frequency of≥100 were mainly deficiency-tonifying herbs and blood-activating and stasis-eliminating herbs.The medicinal properties were mainly warm and mild,and the medicinal flavors were sweet and bitter mostly.For the meridian tropism,the main meridian tropism of these herbs is spleen meridian and lung meridian.The clustering method.