Newton-Cotes公式的渐近展开及其应用

给出了(n+1)-点Newton-Cotes公式的渐近展开,作为特例,得到了梯形求积公式和Simpson求积公式及其复化形式的渐近展开,分析了与Euler-Maclaurin展开的区别与联系,指出从复化Simpson求积公式出发,可得到数值积分的高阶Romberg算法.

基于两步正则化Gauss-Newton迭代算法的ECT图像重建

电容层析成像(ECT)技术求解图像重建问题属于非线性问题,并且存在严重的不适定性。为提高图像重建精度,提出了一种基于两步正则化Gauss-Newton迭代算法的ECT图像重建方法。针对标准正则化Gauss-Newton迭代算法在图像重建中存在的不收敛问题,引入了两步迭代方法;改进了正则化矩阵,提高了解估计的精确度;考虑到Gauss-Newton算法对迭代初值的依赖性,加入了同伦算法。最后,进行仿真和静态实验,并与线性反投影(LBP)算法、Landweber算法、Tikhonov正则化算法进行对比。结果表明,该方法可有效提高图像重建精度。

GENERIC NEWTON POLYGON OF THE L-FUNCTION OF n VARIABLES OF THE LAURENT POLYNOMIAL I

The Hodge bound for the Newton polygon of L-functions of T-adic exponential sums associated to a Laurent polynomial is established.We improve the lower bound and study the properties of this new bound.We also study when this new bound is reached with large p arbitrarily,and hence the generic Newton polygon is determined.

自适应Newton-Thiele有理插值及应用

二元连分式插值是二元有理插值的重要组成部分;文章在前人研究的基础上,对Newton-Thiele有理插值构造过程进行改进。针对Newton-Thiele有理插值在插值过程出现逆差商不存在的情况,传统的解决方法是将相应的Thiele型插值连分式转换为Newton插值多项式,然而该处理方法会导致计算复杂度的增加。借鉴相关文献在一元有理插值上的选点方法,文章给出一种带终止条件的自适应贪婪选点算法,即在给定插值点中根据自适应条件筛选出局部点对函数进行构造,以提高Newton-Thiele有理插值函数构造过程的稳定性,提升运算效率。对非线性函数的插值结果表明:该算法的插值效果较好、误差较小;同时将该算法应用到图像修复中,并与其他相关算法的修复效果进行对比,进一步验证了该算法的有效性。

On the Polygonal Wear Evolution of Heavy-Haul Locomotive Wheels due to Wheel/Rail Flexibility and Its Mitigation Measures

Wheel polygonal wear can immensely worsen wheel/rail interactions and vibration performances of the train and track,and ultimately,lead to the shortening of service life of railway components.At present,wheel/rail medium-or high-frequency frictional interactions are perceived as an essential reason of the high-order polygonal wear of railway wheels,which are potentially resulted by the flexible deformations of the train/track system or other external excitations.In this work,the effect of wheel/rail flexibility on polygonal wear evolution of heavy-haul locomotive wheels is explored with aid of the long-term wheel polygonal wear evolution simulations,in which different flexible modeling of the heavy-haul wheel/rail coupled system is implemented.Further,the mitigation measures for the polygonal wear of heavy-haul locomotive wheels are discussed.The results point out that the evolution of polygonal wear of heavy-haul locomotive wheels can be veritably simulated with consideration of the flexible effect of both wheelset and rails.Execution of mixed-line operation of heavy-haul trains and application of multicut wheel re-profiling can effectively reduce the development of wheel polygonal wear.This research can provide a deep-going understanding of polygonal wear evolution mechanism of heavy-haul locomotive wheels and its mitigation measures.

Entanglement polygon inequalities for a class of mixed states

The study on the entanglement polygon inequality of multipartite systems has attracted much attention.However,most of the results are on pure states.Here we consider the property for a class of mixed states,which are the reduced density matrices of generalizedW-class states in multipartite higher dimensional systems.First we show the class of mixed states satisfies the entanglement polygon inequalities in terms of Tsallis-q entanglement,then we propose a class of tighter inequalities for mixed states in terms of Tsallis-q entanglement.At last,we get an inequality for the mixed states,which can be regarded as a relation for bipartite entanglement.

Investigation on influencing factors of wheel polygonization of a plateau high-speed EMU train

Purpose–This study aims to investigate the cause of high-order wheel polygonization in a plateau high-speed electric multiple unit(EMU)train.Design/methodology/approach–A series of field tests were conducted to measure the vibration accelerations of the axle box and bogie when the wheels of the EMU train passed through tracks with normal rail roughness after re-profiling.Additionally,the dynamic characteristics of the track,wheelset and bogie were also measured.These measurements provided insights into the mechanisms that lead to wheel polygonization.Findings–The results of the field tests indicate that wheel polygonal wear in theEMUtrain primarily exhibits 14–16 and 25–27 harmonic orders.The passing frequencies of wheel polygonization were approximately 283–323 Hz and 505–545 Hz,which closely match the dominated frequencies of axle box and bogie vibrations.These findings suggest that the fixed-frequency vibrations originate from the natural modes of the wheelset and bogie,which can be excited by wheel/rail irregularities.Originality/value–The study provides novel insights into the mechanisms of high-order wheel polygonization in plateau high-speed EMU trains.Futher,the results indicate that operating the EMU train on mixed lines at variable speeds could potentially mitigate high-order polygonal wear,providing practical value for improving the safety,performance and maintenance efficiency of high-speed EMU trains.

Measured dynamic load distribution within the in situ axlebox bearing of high-speed trains under polygonal wheel–rail excitation

The dynamic load distribution within in-service axlebox bearings of high-speed trains is crucial for the fatigue reliability assessment and forward design of axlebox bearings. This paper presents an in situ measurement of the dynamic load distribution in the four rows of two axlebox bearings on a bogie wheelset of a high-speed train under polygonal wheel–rail excitation. The measurement employed an improved strain-based method to measure the dynamic radial load distribution of roller bearings. The four rows of two axlebox bearings on a wheelset exhibited different ranges of loaded zones and different means of distributed loads. Besides, the mean value and standard deviation of measured roller–raceway contact loads showed non-monotonic variations with the frequency of wheel–rail excitation. The fatigue life of the four bearing rows under polygonal wheel–rail excitation was quantitatively predicted by compiling the measured roller–raceway contact load spectra of the most loaded position and considering the load spectra as input.

基于Polygon-Nurbs混合建模的汽车造型数字化设计

文章阐述了汽车造型数字化设计中Polygon建模与Nurbs建模的特点与适用情境。提出了一种基于Polygon-Nurbs混合建模的汽车造型数字化设计方法。该建模方法的核心流程是先采用多边形确定形体,再使用Nurbs建模构建稳定的曲面。基于该混合建模思路,进行了汽车造型设计实践,证明了该建模方法能够发挥两种建模方式的优点,快速准确构建形体,并能生成高质量的曲面模型。

Special Relativity’s “Newtonization” in Complex “Para-Space”: The Two Theories Equivalence Question

Complex model, say C3, of “para-space” as alternative to the real M4 Minkowski space-time for both relativistic and classical mechanics was shortly introduced as reference to our previous works on that subject. The actual aim, however, is an additional analysis of the physical and para-physical phenomena’ behavior as we formally transport observable mechanical phenomena [motion] to non-real interior of the complex domain. As it turns out, such procedure, when properly set, corresponds to transition from relativistic to more classic (or, possibly, just classic) kind of the motion. This procedure, we call the “Newtonization of relativistic physical quantities and phenomena”, first of all, includes the mechanical motion’s characteristics in the C3. The algebraic structure of vector spaces was imposed and analyzed on both: the set of all relativistic velocities and on the set of the corresponding to them “Galilean” velocities. The key point of the analysis is realization that, as a matter of fact, the relativistic theory and the classical are equivalent at least as for the kinematics. This conclusion follows the fact that the two defined structures of topological vector spaces i.e., the structure imposed on sets of all relativistic velocities and the structure on set of all “Galilean” velocities, are both diffeomorphic in their topological parts and are isomorphic as the vector spaces. As for the relativistic theory, the two approaches: the hyperbolic (“classical” SR) with its four-vector formalism and Euclidean, where SR is modeled by the complex para-space C3, were analyzed and compared.

Simulation of Steel Reinforcement on the Nonlinear Behaviour of Slender Glulam Beam Columns by Using the Newton-Raphson Method

The current theory in NF EN 1995-1-1/NA of Eurocode 5, which is based on maximum deflection, has been investigated on softwoods. Therefore, this theory is not adapted for slender glulam beam columns made of tropical hardwood species from the Congo Basin. This maximum deflection is caused by a set of loads applied to the structure. However, Eurocode 5 doesn’t provide how to predict this deflection in case of long-term load for such structures. This can be done by studying load-displacement (P-Δ) behaviour of these structures while taking into account second order effects. To reach this goal, a nonlinear analysis has been performed on a three-dimensional beam column embedded on both ends. Since conducting experimental investigations on large span structural products is time-consuming and expensive especially in developing countries, a numerical model has been implemented using the Newton-Raphson method to predict load-displacement (P-Δ) curve on a slender glulam beam column made of tropical hardwood species. On one hand, the beam has been analyzed without wood connection. On the other hand, the beam has been analyzed with a bolted wood connection and a slotted-in steel plate. The load cases considered include self-weight and a uniformly applied long-term load. Combinations of serviceability limit states (SLS) and ultimate limit states (ULS) have also been considered, among other factors. A finite-element software RFEM 5 has been used to implement the model. The results showed that the use of steel can reduce displacement by 20.96%. Additionally, compared to the maximum deflection provided by Eurocode 5 for softwoods, hardwoods can exhibit an increasing rate of 85.63%. By harnessing the plastic resistance of steel, the bending resistance of wood can be increased by 32.94%.

基于拟Newton法的并联机构位置正解

基于Newton法的迭代搜索算法是求解并联机构位置正解的重要数值算法,但是在其每一步的迭代过程中都需要构造机构的Jacobian矩阵。在Newton法的基础上,将拟Newton法应用于并联机构的位置正解求解,该方法用当前的函数值代替Jacobian矩阵,能够减小每一迭代步的计算量。定义机构的虚工作空间,并分析6-RUS这一类并联机构虚工作空间受限的原因及迭代搜索算法在求解这一类机构位置正解时的局限性,提出将这一类机构的位置正解等效求解的方法。进一步分析耦合型少自由度机构虚工作空间受限的原因,采用虚设机构法和改进的Jacobian矩阵使迭代搜索算法能够适用于这一类机构。数值算例表明:相比于Newton法,拟Newton法的总迭代步数并没有明显增加,但由于每一迭代步的计算量少,计算效率明显提高,为并联机构位置正解在实时场合的应用提供了一定的理论指导;等效机构法能够扩大机构的虚工作空间,增加迭代搜索算法的适用范围。

一种基于多项式和Newton插值法的机械手轨迹规划方法

针对机械手多工位多节点的作业任务,提出了在关节空间中采用多项式插值和Newton插值相结合的轨迹规划方法。该方法在起始段和终止段采用五次多项式插值,中间段采用Newton插值。将该方法用于一类四自由度平面关节机械手的轨迹规划中,实验结果表明,在给定的6个路径点的轨迹规划中,利用该规划方法可以获得连续的轨迹,满足机械手多工位操作的需要。

基于修正Newton法的固体火箭能量管理弹道设计

为满足新型有效载荷的发射要求,需研究满足多终端约束、不同关机能量的固体火箭弹道设计方法。研究了固体火箭耗尽关机的能量管理技术,采用姿态机动能量管理方法,通过在三级偏航通道建立能量管理程序,建立了参数化的飞行程序模型,采用修正Newton法求解多终端约束弹道设计问题。计算结果表明,这种方法可实现不同关机点能量的多终端约束弹道设计。另外,通过不同关机能量滑翔段射程的分析,进一步论证了这种弹道设计方法在新型载荷发射中的价值,该方法简单、可行,有用于工程设计的潜力。

基于查找表和Newton插值算法的正余弦函数的FPGA实现

正余弦函数在任意次谐波电流的无锁相环ip-iq检测法中有着重要应用。提出了一种基于查找表和Newton插值算法相结合的正余弦函数的实现方法,给出了具体计算公式和RTL级方框图;与查表法和CODIC算法相比,该方法所需时钟周期少(只需120个时钟周期),精度高(可达±1LSB),占用资源少(只需483个LE单元)。在Altera公司的Cyclone系列FPGA器件EP1C6Q240C8上完成了硬件验证,最终应用到某谐波检测ASIC设计中。

求解非线性回归问题的Newton算法

针对大规模非线性回归问题,提出基于静态储备池的Newton算法.利用储备池搭建高维特征空间,将原始问题转化成与储备池维数相关的线性支持向量回归问题,并应用Newton算法求解.鲁棒损失函数的应用可抑制异常点对预测结果的干扰.通过与SVR(Support Vector Regression)及储备池Tikhonov正则化方法比较,验证了所提方法的快速性、较高的预测精度和较好的鲁棒性.

基于Newton/Gauss-Seidel迭代的DGM隐式方法

在Newton迭代方法的基础上,对高阶精度间断Galerkin有限元方法 (DGM)的时间隐式格式进行了研究.Newton迭代法的优势在于收敛效率高效,并且定常和非定常问题能够统一处理,对于非定常问题无需引入双时间步策略.为了避免大型矩阵的求逆,采用一步Gauss-Seidel迭代和Matrix-free技术消去残值Jacobi矩阵的上、下三角矩阵,从而只需计算和存储对角(块)矩阵.对角(块)矩阵采用数值方法计算.空间离散采用Taylor基,其优势在于对于任意形状的网格,基函数的形式是一致的,有利于在混合网格上推广.利用该方法,数值模拟了Bump绕流和NACA0012翼型绕流.计算结果表明,与显式的Runge-Kutta时间格式相比,隐式格式所需的迭代步数和CPU时间均在很大程度上得到减少,计算效率能够提高1～2个量级.

高次方程正项分解与Newton法

在高次方程正项分解的基础上给出了一个用Newton法求解实系数高次方程正数根的计算方法 .该方法具有迭代初值选取条件宽松的优点 ,容易改进为求解实系数高次方程全部实数根的大范围收敛性迭代解法 .

菱—方、椭—方孔型系统的拟Newton迭代算法

提出一种通过求解非线性方程组确定中间菱形、椭圆孔型尺寸的方法。文中以Мутъев和Wusatowski宽展公式为例,讨论了求解菱一方和椭一方孔型系统时非线性方程组的建立方法,并采用拟Newton法对方程组求解。该算法可靠性好,计算效率高且具有通用性,算法误差为:△H_1/H_1<0.3%、△B_2/B_1<0.1%、△F_1/F_1<0.2%。

采用仿射变换的桨叶变形摄像测量Newton-Raphson算法

提出一种基于仿射变换的(Newton-Raphson,简称N-R)数字图像相关算法。首先,采用人机交互的方法在变形前后的图像中选取匹配特征点,计算仿射变换参数;然后,根据仿射变换位移模式计算目标子区中心点的位移,将其用作N-R算法的初值。为降低计算量,采用全场插值,插值运算次数降为常规插值的1%左右。仿真测试表明,基于仿射变换的N-R算法在精度保持不变的情况下显著减少计算时间,克服了常规N-R算法计算量大、效率低、只适用于无刚体转动目标等缺陷,为开发直升机桨叶变形摄像测量系统提供了算法基础。