Investigation of microstructures of ZnCo_2O_4 on bare Ni foam and Ni foam coated with graphene and their supercapacitors performance

The graphene coating was deposited on the surface of Ni foam using the chemical vapor deposition process. A large amount of flower-like ZnCoOmicrospheres with short nanowires were formed on bare Ni foam by hydrothermal method, while large-scale ZnCoOnanowires arrays homogeneously aligned and separated adequately on Ni foam coated with graphene. This ZnCoOnanowire structure exhibited superior supercapacitors properties. The excellent supercapacitors were mainly attributed to the large specific surface and the porosity on the nanowires which promoted the electrons and ions transportation. In addition, graphene improved conductivity of substrate for current collecting.

Ru/NiFe LDH/Ni Foam催化剂的制备及全解水性能研究

通过水热法和一步还原法制备自支撑三维立体结构的Ru/NiFe LDH/Ni Foam双功能催化剂.Ru/NiFe LDH/Ni Foam催化剂在1M KOH的介质中,析氧反应(OER)在电流密度为10 mA·cm^(-2)的过电位为228 mV,析氢反应(HER)在电流密度为10 mA·cm^(-2)的过电位为66 mV,在全解水两电极体系中在10 mA·cm^(-2)的电流密度下电位为1.70 V.

In Situ Growth of 3D Hierarchical ZnO@Ni_xCo_(1-x)(OH)_y Core/Shell Nanowire/Nanosheet Arrays on Ni Foam for High-Performance Aqueous Hybrid Supercapacitors

In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel battery-type electrode featuring three-dimensional(3D) hierarchical ZnO@Ni_xCo_(1-x)(OH)_y core/shell nanowire/nanosheet arrays arranged on Nifoam substrate via a two-step protocol including a wet chemical process followed by electro-deposition. We then characterized its composition, structure and surface morphology by X-ray diff raction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy, EDS elemental mapping. Our electrochemical measurements show that the ZnO@Ni_(0.67)Co_(0.33)(OH)_y electrode material exhibited a noticeably high specific capacity of as much as 255(mA ·h)/g at 1 A/g. Additionally, it demonstrated a superior rate capability, as well as an excellent cycling stability with 81.6% capacity retention over 2000 cycles at 5 A/g. This sample delivered a high energy density of 64 W·h/kg and a power density of 250 W/kg at a current density of 1 A/g. With such remarkable electrochemical properties, we expect the 3D hierarchical hybrid electrode material presented in this work to have promising applications for the next generation of energy storage systems.

Constructing nanoporous Ni foam current collectors for stable lithium metal anodes

Lithium metal,as the most ideal anode material for high energy density batteries,has been researched for several decades.However,the dendrite formation and large volume change during repetitive lithium plating/stripping lead to a serious safety issue and impede the practical application of lithium metal anode.Herein,a nanoporous Ni foam current collector with high surface area and surface flaws is constructed via a facile oxidation-reduction method.The inherent macropore structure of Ni foam can partly accommodate the volume variation during Li plating/stripping.The well-distributed nanopores on the skeleton of Ni foam can effectively reduce the local current density,regulate the uniform lithium nucleation and deposition with homogenous distribution of Li^(+) flux.Moreover,the surface flaws induce the formation of ring Li structures at initial nucleation/deposition processes and concave Li metal spontaneously formed based on the ring Li structures during cycling,which can direct the even Li plating/stripping.Therefore,highly stable Coulombic efficiency is achieved at 1 mA cm^(-2) for 200 cycles.The symmetrical cell,based on the nanoporous Ni foam current collector,presents long lifespans of 1200 and 700 h respectively at different current densities of 0.5 and 1 mA cm^(-2) without short circuit.In addition,the LiFePO4 full cell,with the Li metal anode based on the nanoporous Ni foam current collector,shows excellent cycling performance at 1 C for 300 cycles and rate performance.

Ag/Ni foam电极的制备及其电催化性能的研究

本文利用恒电流电沉积法直接将银粒子沉积到泡沫镍(Ni foam)基体表面,制得Ag/Ni foam电极,同时研究了Ag/Ni foam电极催化肼电氧化性能。结果表明,在含有20.0 mmol·L^(-1)肼的1.0 mol·L^(-1)KOH溶液中,Ag/Ni foam电极上肼的氧化峰电位为-0.34 V,氧化峰电流密度可达46 mA·cm^(-2)。

Ni foam/Cu电极电催化还原硝酸盐氮

采用恒流电沉积法制备了泡沫镍/铜(Ni foam/Cu)电极.以Ni foam/Cu电极为阴极、Ti/RuO_(2)-Ir_(2)O_(3)电极为阳极构建电解体系,对水中硝酸盐氮进行电催化还原处理.并研究了电解质对总氮和氨氮去除率的影响和电极的稳定性.在一定范围内,增大电解质NaCl的浓度可以提高总氮和氨氮去除率.当NaCl浓度为0.5 g·L^(-1)时,在电解电流密度为8 mA·cm^(-2)的条件下对100 mg·L^(-1) NO_(3)^(-)-N溶液进行6次重复电解实验,2.5 h后硝酸盐氮去除率均可以达到94.5%以上.当NaCl浓度为1.25 g·L^(-1)时,在电解电流密度为8 mA·cm^(-2)的条件下对100 mg·L^(-1) NO_(3)^(-)-N溶液电解2.5 h,出水中氨氮浓度只有2.90 mg·L^(-1),总氮去除率达到79.47%.实验结果表明,Nifoam/Cu阴极具有较高的电催化还原活性和良好的稳定性.

3D skeleton nanostructured Ni_3S_2/Ni foam@RGO composite anode for high-performance dual-ion battery

The growing global demands of safe, low-cost and high working voltage energy storage devices trigger strong interests in novel battery concepts beyond state-of-art lithium-ion battery. Herein, a dualion battery based on nanostructured Ni_3S_2/Ni foam@RGO(NSNR) composite anode is developed, utilizing graphite as cathode material and LiPF6-VC-based solvent as electrolyte. The battery operates at high working voltage of 4.2–4.5 V, with superior discharge capacity of ～90 m A h g^(-1) at 100 mA g^(-1), outstanding rate performance, and long-term cycling stability over 500 cycles with discharge capacity retention of ～85.6%. Moreover, the composite simultaneously acts as the anode material and the current collector, and the corrosion phenomenon can be greatly reduced compared to metallic Al anode. Thus, this work represents a significant step forward for practical safe, low-cost and high working voltage dual-ion batteries,showing attractive potential for future energy storage application.

NiFeRuO_(x)nanosheets on Ni foam as an electrocatalyst for efficient overall alkaline seawater splitting

The electrocatalyst NiFeRuO_(x)/NF,comprised of NiFeRuO_(x)nanosheets grown on Ni foam,was synthesized using a hydrothermal process followed by thermal annealing.NiFeRuO_(x)/NF displays high electrocatalytic activity and stability for overall alkaline seawater splitting:98 mV@10 mA∙cm^(−2)in hydrogen evolution reaction,318 mV@50 mA∙cm^(−2)in oxygen evolution reaction,and a cell voltage of 1.53 V@10 mA∙cm^(−2),as well as 20 h of durability.A solar-driven system containing such a bifunctional NiFeRuO_(x)/NF has an almost 100%Faradaic efficiency.The NiFeRuO_(x)coating around Ni foam is an anti-corrosion layer and also a critical factor for enhancement of bifunctional performances.

Photocatalytic fuel cell for simultaneous antibiotic wastewater treatment and electricity production by anatase TiO_(2) nanoparticles anchored on Ni foam

Photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) holds great potential for the sustainable production of electricity and degradation of organic pollutants for solving global energy and environmental problems.However,the efficient photodegradation of organic dyes and antibiotic drugs,such as ciprofloxacin (CIP) and methylene blue(MB),remains challenging.Aiming at improving the separation efficiency of hole and electron for electricity generation in the PFC system,TiO_(2)-NPs@NF-x photoanode was fabricated by a cost-effective and laborsaving hydrothermal approach.The as-fabricated photoanode demonstrated abundant active sites,enhanced light harvesting capacity and photogenerated charge carrier separation.At a CIP-HCl concentration of 10 mg/L and p H value of about 7,85%of CIP-HCl can be efficiently removed after 3 h irradiation by 300 W Xe lamp.TiO_(2)-NPs@NF-20 photoelectrode based PFC system exhibited an impressed ability to simultaneously degrade ciprofloxacin and generate electricity under light irradiation with an open circuit voltage of 1.021 V,short circuit current density and maximum power density of 2.4 mA/cm^(2),0.357 mW/cm^(2),respectively.This work provided a cost-effective method for the treatment of organic waste and generation of electrical power.

泡沫基材-Ni-石墨烯复合镀层制备及电催化析氢性能研究

目的 采用电沉积技术在泡沫基材上沉积制备Ni-石墨烯复合镀层,期望借助泡沫基材的三维多孔结构和石墨烯的超高比表面积来改变复合材料的表面状态,进而获得高镀层的电催化析氢性能。方法 采用电沉积技术将石墨烯作为第二相粒子沉积,制备了泡沫基材-Ni-石墨烯复合电极,通过SEM和EDS研究了其微观形貌及成分,并利用电化学工作站完成了镀层电极的极化曲线、交流阻抗和电解水稳定性测试,使用控制变量法探究了镀层厚度、镀液石墨烯浓度和基材形貌对镀层电催化析氢活性的影响。结果 SEM和EDS表征发现,镀层表面形貌受镀液中石墨烯浓度影响较大,石墨烯作为第二相嵌入镀层后,明显改变了复合镀层的表面形貌,其存在形态为颗粒状,在150 mg·L^(–1)时颗粒堆积最多。进一步利用电化学分析技术探究了镀层厚度、镀液石墨烯浓度和基材形貌对电极电催化析氢性能的影响,发现在一定范围内,不同厚度镀层的电催化析氢活性基本相同;石墨烯质量浓度为150mg·L^(–1)时制得的电极的电催化析氢性能最优,析氢过电位为211.2m V(vs.RHE),且电解水稳定性良好;泡沫基材镀层的电催化析氢活性明显优于平板基材镀层。结论 石墨烯的引入和泡沫基材三维多孔结构均增大了复合镀层的比表面积,是电极表现良好的电催化析氢活性的关键。

一步电沉积法制备Ni-Mo-Nd/NF复合电极及其析氢性能研究

目的采用一步恒电流沉积法在泡沫镍基底上制备出镍-钼-钕三元析氢电极,提高碱性条件下的析氢性能。方法使用电化学工作站研究工艺参数对Ni-Mo-Nd/NF析氢电极性能的影响,同时制备Ni-Mo/NF析氢电极,使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对合金镀层表面形貌、相结构、元素含量及成键状态进行表征。通过线性扫描伏安法(LSV)、循环伏安法(CV)及电化学阻抗技术(EIS)测试电极析氢性能。结果最佳工艺参数为:pH=4.5,电流密度30 mA/cm^(2),沉积时间60min,温度30℃。在1.0 mol/LKOH溶液中,Ni-Mo-Nd/NF电极在10 mA/cm^(2)下的析氢过电位仅为73 mV,Tafel斜率为147 mV/dec,表明析氢反应机理遵循典型的Volmer-Heyrovsky步骤。此外,Ni-Mo-Nd/NF电极在长时电解24h时电流密度保持稳定,2000次循环伏安测试后,催化剂的活性衰减微小。结论稀土元素Nd的掺杂,能够细化电极表面的球形颗粒并提高电极表面粗糙度,从而提升电极的比表面积,为析氢反应提供更多的活性位点,利于析氢反应效率的提高。由于三元合金的协同作用,与二元合金Ni-Mo/NF相比,Ni-Mo-Nd/NF三元合金电极显示出更优异的HER催化性能。

Effective electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by a novel Pd/MnO_(2)/Ni foam cathode

Pd modified electrodes possess problems such as easy agglomeration and low electrolytic ability,and the use of manganese dioxide(MnO_(2)) to facilitate Pd reduction of organic pollutants is just started.However,there is still a limited understanding of how to match the Pd load and MnO_(2) to realize optimal dechlorination efficiency at minimum cost.Here,a Pd/MnO_(2)/Ni foam cathode was successfully fabricated and applied for the efficient electrochemical dechlorination of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP).The optimal electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination(ECH)performance with 2,4,6-TCP dechlorination efficiency(92.58%in 180 min)was obtained when the concentration of PdCl_(2) precipitation was 1 mmol/L,the deposition time of MnO_(2) was 300 s and cathode potential was-0.8 V.Performance influenced by the exogenous factors(e.g.,initial pH and coexisted ions)were further investigated.It was found that the neutral pH was the most favorable for ECH and a reduction in dechlorination efficiency(6%~47.6%)was observed in presence of 5 mmol/L of NO_(2)^(-),NO_(3)^(-),S^(2-)or SO_(3)^(2-).Cyclic voltammetry(CV)and quenching experiments verified the existence of three hydrogen species on Pd surface,including adsorbed atomic hydrogen(H^(*)_(ads)),absorbed atomic hydrogen(H^(*)_(abs)),and molecular hydrogen(H_(2)).And the introduction of MnO_(2)promoted the generation of atomic H^(*).Only adsorbed atomic hydrogen(H^(*)_(ads)) was confirmed that it truly facilitated the ECH process.Besides H^(*)_(ads) induced reduction,the direct reduction by cathode electrons also participated in the 2,4,6-TCP dechlorination process.Pd/MnO_(2)/Ni foam cathode shows excellent dechlorination performance,fine stability and recyclable potential,which provides strategies for the effective degradation of persistent halogenated organic pollutants in groundwater.

Nickel Phosphide Nanorod Arrays Vertically Grown on Ni Foam as High-Efficiency Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

An electrocatalyst of nickel phosphide （Ni2P） nanorod arrays vertically grown on Ni foam composite （NNFC） was prepared successfully using NaHzPO2 as phosphorus source by means of a facile method of in situ phospho- rization of Ni foam. The as-prepared NNFC exhibits excellent HER performance with an onset overpotential of 100 mV, a small Tafel slope of only 55 mV/dec, and a low overpotential involving 200 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, the electrocatalyst was also demonstrated to possess high stability with a neglectable de- crease in activity even after durability test for 25 h.

Reduced graphene oxide-modified Ni Co-phosphates on Ni foam enabling high areal capacitances for asymmetric supercapacitors

NiCo-phosphates can deliver high specific capacitances and high electrochemical activities as pseudocapacitive electrode material for supercapacitors.In this study,The NiCo-phosphates@reduced graphene oxide(NCPO@rGO)composite is directly loaded on Ni foam by a simple one-step hydrothermal process.The conductive rGO sheets provides continuous electron pathways between NCPO flowers and Ni foam,allowing active electrochemical reactions throughout the whole electrode.This can solve the difficulty of low active material utility and small areal capacitances in the Ni foam-supported electrodes.At the same time,the rGO sheets creates large amount of mesopores within the electrode,which can ensure a highly open structure for electrolyte attachment and ion transport.Because of the positive effect of rGO in improving charge transfe r,the NiCo-phosphates can be fully involved in the electrochemical reactions with high utility,ensuring high specific capacitances(1416.7 F g^(-1)at 1 A g^(-1))and high-rate performances.Specially,the areal capacitance of the NCPO@rGO electrode can reach as large as 3.69 F cm^(-2)at 1 A g^(-1),which is among the highest ones in Ni foam supported electrodes.An asymmetric supercapacitor is then fabricated by NCPO@rGO as the positive material with attractive energy densities and power densities,further proving its excellent electrochemical performance.

泡沫Ni/In-48Sn复合焊料钎焊Al合金接头显微结构及力学性能研究

In-48Sn共晶焊料具有熔点低、延展性高、润湿性好等优点,在微波、通信等功能组件的钎焊连接中具有广泛应用。然而,In-48Sn共晶焊料力学性能较差,已难满足新一代功能组件的载荷要求。采用微合金化及微纳米颗粒、纤维强化等方法可在一定程度上提高焊料的强度,但钎焊接头的强度提升效果有限。基于此,本工作采用真空浸渗工艺制备了泡沫Ni强化In-48Sn复合焊料,并采用该复合焊料对表面含Ag镀层的Al合金进行了低温钎焊连接,重点研究了泡沫Ni孔隙率和钎焊时间对接头显微结构及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,Al合金表面形成了Ag2In金属间化合物(IMC)层,其随钎焊时间延长不断增厚,且在无Ni骨架阻挡时易向焊缝中生长形成块状结构。In-48Sn焊料与泡沫Ni骨架反应形成了(Ni,Cu)_(3)-(In,Sn)_(7)相,延长钎焊时间、减小泡沫Ni孔隙度均会促进该反应相的形成并加快In基焊料的消耗,最终焊缝完全由Ni骨架和IMCs组成,而钎焊接头的剪切强度也相应增加。采用50%Ni-In48Sn复合焊料钎焊120 min时接头剪切强度达到了34.34 MPa,相比In-48Sn共晶焊料钎焊接头提升了335.2%。

偏钒酸根掺杂的NiCo-LDH电极的制备及性能研究

超级电容器是近年来电化学储能器件研发的热点之一,其电极材料对其性能起决定性作用。为了合成具有优异超电容性能的NiCo基二维层状双氢氧化物(LDH)电极材料,首先通过一步水热法在泡沫镍网表面制备NiCo-LDH纳米阵列;然后在水-乙二醇体系下,通过二次溶剂热反应,制备偏钒酸根掺杂的NiCo-LDH纳米阵列;最后,通过碱转化得到性能优异的电极材料。用此电极与活性碳组装成全固态不对称超级电容器件,在电压为0~1.8 V、功率密度为9 mW/cm^(2)时,器件的能量密度达0.416 mW·h/cm^(2),且具有良好的循环稳定性。

电沉积制备Cu-Ni-Mo三元电极及其析氢性能

目的制备一种在碱性溶液中具有高效、低成本等优点的铜基析氢阴极材料。方法在35℃下采用直流电沉积法,在泡沫镍(NF)表面分别沉积Cu-Ni、Cu-Ni-Mo镀层,制备Cu-Ni/NF、Cu-Ni-Mo/NF析氢电极。利用X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)表征电极的表面形貌、结构元素含量及物相。通过电化学阻抗技术(EIS)、线性扫描伏安法(LSV)、循环伏安法(CV)测定电极的析氢性能和催化活性。结果经Mo掺杂后,Mo在Cu-Ni-Mo三元合金中以置换型固溶体的形式存在,与二元镀层相比,增大了镀层的晶格常数。Cu-Ni-Mo/NF三元电极在电流密度10 mV/cm^(2)下,过电位仅为116 mV,塔费尔斜率为104 mV/dec,电荷转移电阻为15.34Ω,电化学活性比表面积(ECSA)为22.33,相较于Cu-Ni/NF二元电极,分别降低了68 mV、27 mV/dec、15.48Ω,ECSA值提高了7.95,且循环稳定性较好。结论引入第3种元素Mo,改变了Cu-Ni二元电极的镀层形貌,使晶粒细化,表现为微粒紧密堆积而成的球胞状结构,从而提升了电极材料的比表面积,为析氢反应提供了更多的活性位点,有助于提高析氢反应效率。由于三金属间的协同作用,与Cu-Ni二元电极相比,Cu-Ni-Mo三元电极显示出更优异的析氢催化性能。

Macroporous Ni foam-supported Co_3O_4 nanobrush and nanomace hybrid arrays for high-efficiency CO oxidation

Herein, we reported the synthesis of well-defined Co_3O_4 nanoarrays(NAs) supported on a monolithic three-dimensional macroporous nickel(Ni) foam substrate for use in highefficiency CO oxidation. The monolithic Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts were obtained through a generic hydrothermal synthesis route with subsequent calcination. By controlling the reaction time,solvent polarity and deposition agent, these Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts exhibited various novel morphologies(single or hybrid arrays), whose physicochemical properties were further characterized by using several analytical techniques. Based on the catalytic and characterization analyses, it was found that the Co_3O_4 NAs-6 catalyst with nanobrush and nanomace arrays displayed enhanced catalytic activity for CO oxidation, achieving an efficient 100% CO oxidation conversion at a gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) 10,000 hr^(-1) and 150°C with longterm stability. Compared with the other Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts, it had the highest abundance of surface-adsorbed oxygen species, excellent low-temperature reducibility and was rich in surface-active sites(Co^(3+)/Co^(2+)= 1.26).

电镀法制备Ru/Ni-foam催化剂及其催化硼氢化钠水解产氢性能研究

氢能作为一种高效、环保的可再生能源,具有广阔的应用前景,通过催化剂使硼氢化钠(Na BH4)水解产氢是一种安全、高效和实用性强的化学产氢技术。以电化学沉积方法制备的Ru/Ni-foam(Ru/NF)作为硼氢化钠水解制氢的催化剂,研究了不同的反应温度、不同的硼氢化钠浓度、不同的反应p H以及催化剂稳定性4种因素对该催化反应的影响规律。结果表明:用电镀方法得到的Ru/NF催化剂在10%(质量分数)Na OH、15%Na BH4、室温条件下,可以达到1894 m L/(min·g)的产氢速率,具有很好的实际应用前景。

Electrochemical dechlorination of chloroform in neutral aqueous solution on palladium/foam-nickel and palladium/polymeric pyrrole film/foam-nickel electrodes

Electrochemical dechlorination of chloroform in neutral aqueous solution was investigated using palladium-loaded electrodes at ambient temperature. Palladium/foam-nickel （Pd/foam-Ni） and palladium/polymeric pyrrole film/foam-nickel （Pd/PPy/foam-Ni） composite electrodes which provided catalytic surface for reductive dechlorination of chloroform in aqueous solution were prepared using an electrodepositing method. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） micrographs showed that polymeric pyrrole film modified the electrode-surface characteristics and resulted in the uniform dispersion of needle-shaped palladium particles on foam-Ni supporting electrode. The experimental results of dechlorination indicated that the removal efficiency of chloroform and current efficiency in neutral aqueous solution on Pd/PPy/foam-Ni electrode could be up to 36.8% and 33.0% at dechlorination current of 0.1 mA and dechlorination time of 180 min, which is much higher than that of Pd/foam-Ni electrode.