Synthesis of Y_2O_3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite on TC4 Ti alloy by laser cladding

A Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite coating was fabricated in-situ on a TC4 Ti alloy by laser surface cladding. The phase component, microstructure, composition distribution and properties of the composite layer were investigated. The composite layer has graded microstructures and compositions, due to the fast melting followed by rapid solidification and cooling during laser cladding. The TiC powders are completely dissolved into the melted layer during melting and segregated as fine dendrites when solidified. The size of TiC dendrites decreases with increasing depth. Y2O3 fine particles distribute in the whole clad layer. The Y2O3 particle enhanced Ni/TiC composite layer has a quite uniform hardness along depth with a maximum value of HV1380, which is 4 times higher than the initial hardness. The wear resistance of the Ti alloy is significantly improved after laser cladding due to the high hardness of the composite coating.

Ni-Al辅助微波自蔓延烧结制备Ti_(3)SiC_(2)基金刚石复合材料工艺研究

为降低金刚石磨削工具的制造成本和能耗,探寻一种在低能耗下实现高性能陶瓷结合剂金刚石磨具的制备工艺,同时研究助燃剂Si和金刚石粒度等因素对样品物相组成、显微形貌和磨削性能的影响。采用Ti、Si、石墨粉和金刚石磨料作为原料,经冷压成型至生胚,通过Ni-Al辅助在微波场加热诱发Ti-Si-C体系发生自蔓延高温合成(SHS)反应以制备Ti_(3)SiC_(2)基金刚石复合材料。结果表明,高热值Ni-Al合金辅助可以缩短样品的烧结时间,还可以将诱发SHS反应的温度点控制在金刚石石墨化温度以下。在Ar保护气氛下,Ti-Si-C体系发生SHS反应,可生成Ti_(3)SiC_(2)、TiC和Ti5Si3等3种物相。随Si含量升高,Ti_(3)SiC_(2)相先增多后减少,当n(Ti):n(Si):n(C)=3∶1.1∶2时,复合材料的磨削性能最佳,磨耗比最高可达286.53。分析不同原料配比下的试样磨耗比差异的产生机制,认为基体组织中存在微小且分布均匀的气孔结构,在磨削时可产生大区域的平整磨削面,易于发挥金刚石磨料的磨削效果,有利于提升复合材料样品的磨削性能。

Self-repairing Al_(2)O_(3)-TiO_(2)coatings fabricated through plasma electrolytic oxidation with various cathodic pulse parameters

The influence of cathodic pulse parameters was evaluated on plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings grown on 7075 aluminum alloy in a silicate-based electrolyte containing potassium titanyl oxalate(PTO)using pulsed bipolar waveforms with various cathodic duty cycles and cathodic current densities.The coatings were characterized by SEM,EDS,and XRD.EIS was applied to investigate the electrochemical properties.It was observed that the increase of cathodic duty cycle and cathodic current density from 20%and 6 A/dm^(2) to 40%and 12 A/dm^(2) enhances the growth rate of the inner layer from 0.22 to 0.75μm/min.Adding PTO into the bath showed a fortifying effect on influence of the cathodic pulse and the mentioned change of cathodic pulse parameters,resulting in an increase of the inner layer growth rate from 0.25 to 1.10μm/min.Based on EDS analysis,Si and Ti were incorporated dominantly in the upper parts of the coatings.XRD technique merely detectedγ-Al_(2)O_(3),and there were no detectable peaks related to Ti and Si compounds.However,the EIS results confirmed that the incorporation of Ti^(4+)into alumina changed the electronic properties of the coating.The coatings obtained from the bath containing PTO using the bipolar waveforms with a cathodic duty cycle of 40%and current density values higher than 6 A/dm^(2) showed highly appropriate electrochemical behavior during 240 d of immersion due to an efficient repairing mechanism.Regarding the effects of studied parameters on the coating properties,the roles of cathodic pulse parameters and PTO in the PEO process were highlighted.

Al_(2)O_(3)在储能材料中的应用研究进展

Al_(2)O_(3)作为陶瓷材料、催化剂、催化剂载体及研磨磨料等有广泛的应用。因氧化铝具有优良的抗酸碱腐蚀性和力学等性能且热稳定性好、来源丰富,所以近年来逐渐开始应用在储能材料领域,进一步拓展了氧化铝的应用范围。主要针对氧化铝包覆后的二次储能电池正极材料、负极材料,以及改进隔膜的力学性能等方面进行研究。报道了近年来氧化铝在锂离子电池、钠离子电池、锂硫电池、电解液、隔膜方面的应用研究进展。

Modification of Nano-α-Al2O3 and Its Influence on the Surface Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane Resin Composite Passivation Films

Silane coupling agent KH560 was used to modify the surface of nano-α-Al2O3 in ethanol-aqueous solution with different proportions. The particle size of nano-α-Al2O3 was determined by nano-particle size analyzer, and the effects of nano-α-Al2O3 content, ethanol-aqueous solution ratio and KH560 dosage on the dispersion and particle size of nano-α-Al2O3 were investigated. The material structure before and after modification was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Aqueous polyurethane resin and inorganic components are combined with modified nano-α-Al2O3 dispersion to form chromium-free passivation solution. The solution is coated on the galvanized sheet, the adhesion and surface hardness are tested, the bonding strength of the coating and the surface hardness of the substrate are discussed. The corrosion resistance and surface morphology of the matrix were investigated by electrochemical test, neutral salt spray test and scanning electron microscope test. The chromium-free passivation film formed after the modification of nano-α-Al2O3 increases the surface hardness of galvanized sheet by about 85%. The corrosion resistance of the film is better than that of a single polyurethane film. The results show that the surface hardness and corrosion resistance of polyurethane resin composite passivation film are significantly improved by the introduction of nano-α-Al2O3.

Microstructure of nanometer Al_2O_3 dispersion strengthened Ni-based high-temperature protective coatings by laser cladding

The nanometer Al2O3 dispersion strengthened NiCoCrAlY high-temperature protective coatings by crosscurrent CO2 laser on Ni-based superalloy GH4033 were produced. Microscopic morphologies, phase constitutions of cladding coatings and distribution of nano-Al2O3 particles were examined using SEM and XRD. The results show that the interface grains, after adding proper nano-Al2O3, grow from epitaxial to non-epitaxial shape gradually, and the columnar dendrites become thinner and denser with cellular shape. Cracks in the substrate close to the interface are eliminated. Moreover, dispersive nano-Al2O3 particles mainly distribute around cellular substructure and on grain-boundaries, which prevents the diffusion of alloying elements and restrains the formation of new phase. There is a critical value of nano-Al2O3 addition, and the most suitable content of nano-Al2O3 is 1% (mass fraction) in this experimental conditions. The "nanometer effect" of nano-Al2O3 particles plays an important role in the improvement of coating microstructure.

Interface characteristics of Al_2O_3－13%TiO_2 ceramic coatings prepared by laser cladding

Al2O3-13%TiO2 （mass fraction） coatings, prepared by laser cladding on nickel-based alloy, were heated using high frequency induction sources. The coating microstructure and the interface between bond coating and ceramic coating were characterized by SEM, XRD and EDS. The results show that two-layer substructure exists in the ceramic coating： one layer evolving from fully melted region where the sintered grains grow fully; another layer resembling the liquid-phase-sintered structure consisting of three-dimensional net where the melted Al2O3 particles are embedded in the TiO2-rich matrix. The mechanism of the two-layer substructure formation is also explained in terms of the melting and flattening behavior of the powders during laser cladding processing. The spinel compounds NiAl2O4 and acicular compounds Cr2O3 are discovered in the interface between bond coating and ceramic coating. It proves that the chemical reactions in the laser cladding process will significantly enhance the coating adhesion.

氮掺杂碳改性Ni/Al2O3催化剂的甲烷干重整反应性能研究

在甲烷干重整反应(DRM)中,常规浸渍法制备的Ni/Al2O3催化剂常因过多积炭导致催化剂失活,因此研究如何提高Ni/Al2O3催化剂的抗积炭能力具有重要意义。通过浸渍法和高温碳化法制备的氮掺杂碳表面修饰的Ni/Al2O3催化剂Ni/Al2O3@NC-3和Ni/Al2O3@NC-5(3和5分别代表多巴胺聚合时间为3 h和5 h)在DRM中表现出了较强的抗积炭性能。使用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重(TG)和扫描电镜(SEM)等表征手段对催化剂的结构和电性质进行了分析,并探讨了氮掺杂碳的引入对催化剂稳定性和抗积炭性能的影响。XPS结果表明,Ni/Al2O3@NC-3和Ni/Al2O3@NC-5催化剂中金属Ni与氮掺杂碳发生了电子相互作用,形成了催化惰性的Ni+物种,由此减缓了CH_(4)的裂解速率,进而有效地减少了积炭的产生。在经8 h活性测试后,Ni/Al2O3@NC-3催化剂的CH_(4)转化率和CO_(2)转化率分别维持在52.2%和62.3%,且反应后Ni/Al2O3@NC-3催化剂的积炭量仅为7%(质量分数,下同),远远低于Ni/Al2O3催化剂的积炭量(25%)。

不同镍盐前驱物对CH_4-CO_2重整Ni/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍方法以γ Al2 O3为载体 ,以硝酸镍、氯化镍、醋酸镍为前驱盐分别制备了三种催化剂Ni N、Ni Cl、Ni Ac ,并应用于催化CH4 CO2 重整反应 ,考察了它们的反应性能 ,通过BET、TPR、XRD、XPS、TGA、H2 TPD等方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明 ,由不同镍盐制备的催化剂中 ,镍物种的存在状态明显不同 ,在催化剂的制备过程中镍盐中的阴离子影响着镍离子在催化剂中的分散及存在状态。三种催化剂中Ni N具有较好的催化性能和抑制积碳性能 ,这与Ni N中镍物种与载体之间产生较强相互作用、经还原后获得金属镍的分散度高、晶粒小密切相关。

Laser Cladding Al-Si/Al_2O_3-TiO_2 Composite Coatings on AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

To improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys, a 5 kW continuous wave CO2 laser was used to investigate the laser surface cladding on AZ31 B magnesium alloys with Al-Si/Al2O3-TiO2 composite powders. A detailed microstructure, chemical composition, and phase analysis of the composite coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The laser cladding shows good metallurgical bonding with the substrate. The composite coatings are composed of Mgl7Al12, Al3Mg2, Mg2Si, Al2O3, and TiO2 phases. Compared to the average microhardness （50HV0.05） of the AZ3 1 B substrate, that of the composite coatings （230HV0.05） is improved significantly. The wear resistances of the surface layers were evaluated in detail. The results demonstrate that the wear resistances of the laser surface-modified samples are considerably improved compared to the substrate. It also show that the composite coatings exhibit better corrosion resistance than that of the substrate in 3.5wt% NaCI solution.

Ni/CeO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂上CH_4-CO_2转化积炭性能的研究

采用脉冲微量反应技术研究了添加 n型半导体氧化物 Ce O2 对 Ni基催化剂上 CH4积炭 /CO2 消炭性能的影响 ,用 TPR,XPS和氢吸附技术对催化剂进行了表征 .结果表明 ,活性金属原子 Ni与半导体氧化物Ce O2 之间存在金属 -半导体相互作用 ( MSc I) ,Ce O2 的添加提高了活性原子 Ni0的 d电子密度 ,在一定程度上抑制了 CH4分子中 C—Hσ电子向 d轨道的迁移 ,降低了 CH4裂解积炭活性 ;可加强 Ni0原子 d轨道向CO2 空反键 π轨道的电子迁移 ,促进 CO2 分子的活化 ,提高 CO2 的消炭活性 ,使 Ni/Ce O2 -Al2 O3 催化剂具有较强的抗积炭性能 .

钡改性的Ni/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂用于甲烷部分氧化的研究

800℃、80 000h-1、CH4/O2/N2=14/7/79下比较了质量分数20%的N i/-γA l2O3和Ba改性的N i/-γA l2O3催化剂,用于甲烷部分氧化反应的活性和选择性。结果表明,Ba的添加提高了镍基催化剂的活性和稳定性。BET和XRD表明,Ba的加入有利于高温焙烧下抑制大颗粒的N iA l2O4的形成,保持了高比例的活性镍组分,提高了催化剂催化活性。常压下,xCH4接近100%,sCO、sH2达到92.2%和98.1%,催化剂15h内活性稍微下降。Ba的加入使A l2O3的晶型转化温度由800℃提高到900℃,提高了载体的稳定性。

TiO_2对Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂CO甲烷化性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列不同TiO2含量的TiO2-Al2O3复合载体,并通过浸渍法制备了NiO/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂。分别考察了不同TiO2含量的NiO/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂及反应温度对CO甲烷化催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,当复合载体中TiO2质量分数为30%,反应温度为350～450℃时,催化剂催化活性较高。利用N2吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)及H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对催化剂物化性能进行了表征。结果表明,加入适量的TiO2能抑制镍铝尖晶石NiAl2O4物种的生成,改善NiO的表面分散性能,避免大晶粒NiO的形成,也改善了催化剂的还原性能,从而提高催化剂的CO甲烷化活性。

Ni-P-纳米Al_2O_3复合镀层耐磨性能研究

本文通过在Ni-P合金化学镀液中加入纳米α-Al2O3颗粒,获得Ni–P–纳米Al2O3复合镀层。采用SEM对Ni–P–Al2O3复合镀层的表面形貌进行分析;采用EDX对复合镀层中的元素进行分析;用显微硬度计测量了不同Al2O3质量分数下镀层的硬度值;通过MM-W1立式万能摩擦磨损试验机对复合镀层的磨损性能进行了评价,并分析了复合镀层的磨损机理。结果表明:纳米Al2O3的加入可以增加镀层的硬度,并能有效地降低摩擦副之间的犁沟效应及摩擦表面发生粘着的面积,从而减少镀层的磨损。

Ni/γ-Al_2O_3中助剂的加入对于CH_4/CO_2重整反应性能的影响

以含量为 2 %的K、Cu、La、Mg、Ca、Ba、Mo、Ce等多种金属作为助剂分别加入Ni/γ Al2 O3 催化剂样品中 ,并对其分别用于CH4 /CO2 重整反应时的活性和积碳量进行了考察。研究结果表明 :加入助剂后的各种催化剂的活性变化不一。其中 ,以含Ca的催化剂效果最好 ,其甲烷的转化率可由原来的 71 91%增加到 72 92 % ,其次为La。但所有加入助剂后的催化剂的抗积碳性能均有所提高 ,特别是碱金属K的添加 ,使催化剂表面积碳量降到了 0 1%。这表明添加碱金属或碱土金属助剂 ,对提高Ni/γ Al2 O3 催化剂在CH4 /CO2

纳米Al_2O_3粒子增强化学镀Ni-P复合镀层的组织结构

通过化学复合镀制备纳米Al2O3粒子增强Ni-P复合镀层,并对所得纳米复合材料的组织结构进行了深入研究.场发射扫描电镜分析(FESEM)和透射电镜分析(TEM)结果表明,纳米粒子在复合镀层中含量较高且分布均匀;X射线衍射分析(XRD)和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)结果表明,粒子没有改变复合镀层镀态结构(非晶态),但使得复合镀层晶化温度降低.根据等速升温和等温的DSC曲线对化学复合镀层的晶化过程做了动力学分析,晶化表观活化能和Avrami指数均有降低.在230°C热处理24h后,化学复合镀层发生晶化析出Ni3P,而同样条件下的Ni-P合金保持非晶态.复合镀层显微硬度值比化学镀Ni-P镀层明显提高,热处理后镀层晶化硬度值大幅提高,400°C热处理1h后达到最高值(HV50超过1150).

Ni^(2+)在γ-Al_2O_3上的分散状态及负载型Ni/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的α-蒎烯加氢活性(英文)

用X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫散射光谱(UV-VisDRS)、程序升温还原(TPR)、CO化学吸附和微反测试等方法研究了Ni2+在γ-Al2O3上的分散状态和负载型Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的α-蒎烯加氢催化活性。结果表明,当Ni2+负载量远低于其在γ-Al2O3载体表面分散容量时,Ni2+优先嵌入载体表面四面体空位,随着Ni2+负载量的增加,嵌入载体表面八面体空位Ni2+的比例增大。由于八面体Ni2+易被还原为金属态Ni0,NiO/γ-Al2O3样品的还原度随Ni2+负载量的增加而大幅度地增加,经氢还原所得Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的CO吸附量和α-蒎烯加氢催化活性大幅度增加。对La2O3助剂的作用进行了研究,结果表明分散在γ-Al2O3上的La3+物种可阻止Ni2+嵌入γ-Al2O3表面四面体空位,增大了八面体Ni2+物种所占比例,提高了催化剂的还原度,故Ni-La2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂催化活性高于Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂。

MgO助剂对甲烷部分氧化Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂结构和性能的影响

采用分步浸渍法制备了MgO改性的N i/A l2O3催化剂,采用BET、XRD、H2-TPR、TEM和活性评价等研究方法,考察了MgO助剂对N i/A l2O3催化剂物化性质和甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应性能的影响。实验结果表明,MgO助剂提高了催化剂镍物种的均一性,抑制了N iA l2O4尖晶石的形成,并且增强了镍物种与载体的相互作用,这与MgO、N iO形成固溶体及与A l2O3形成MgA l2O4有关。同时,适量的MgO助剂可以提高N i物种在催化剂中分散度,并提高其有效利用率,改性后的催化剂在甲烷部分氧化反应中显示出较好的反应性能。过量的MgO助剂对催化剂的反应性能产生负面影响,MgO的碱性可以促进逆水煤气变换反应,从而导致H2选择性降低和CO选择性提高。

不同纳米氧化铝含量Ni-P-Al_2O_3化学镀层的高温磨损性能

采用化学镀技术制备不同纳米氧化铝含量的Ni-P-Al2O3复合镀层,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对镀层的表面形貌、化学成分及微观结构进行表征,考察镀层在600℃下的高温氧化性能,并采用高温摩擦磨损试验机对镀层在200℃和600℃下的摩擦磨损性能进行测试,分析其磨损机理。结果表明:纳米氧化铝的加入可有效提高镀层的高温耐磨性能和抗高温氧化性能。随着镀液中纳米Al2O3用量的增加,镀层的氧化质量增加,摩擦因数先减少后增加,镀层的磨损机理发生变化。镀液中纳米Al2O3用量为3 g/L时,镀层具有优异的抗高温氧化性能、较低的摩擦因数和较低的磨损率。复合镀层在较高温度磨损过程中呈现出较高的磨损率和较低的摩擦因数。

磷对Ni(Co)Mo(W)/Al_2O_3加氢处理催化剂的影响研究进展

Ni(Co)Mo(W)/Al2O3催化剂是工业中最常用的加氢处理催化剂。磷作为Ni(Co)Mo(W)/Al2O3加氢处理催化剂中较为常用的添加剂,用于改善催化剂的物理化学性质。本文从磷对Ni(Co)Mo(W)/Al2O3加氢催化剂孔结构、酸性、活性组分分散度等理化性能以及磷对加氢脱硫(HDS)和加氢脱氮(HDN)催化性能两个方面的影响对文献研究结果进行了综述,对磷添加剂的研究结果、存在的分歧以及研究机会进行了分析讨论。