Preventing formation of intermetallic compounds in ultrasonic-assisted Sn soldering of Mg/Al alloys through pre-plating a Ni coating layer on the Mg substrate

Magnesium and aluminum alloys are widely used in various industries because of their excellent properties,and their reliable connection may increase application of materials.Intermetallic compounds(IMCs)affect the joint performance of Mg/Al.In this study,AZ31 Mg alloy with/without a nickel(Ni)coating layer and 6061 Al alloy were joined by ultrasonic-assisted soldering with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu(SAC)filler.The effects of the Ni coating layer on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/Al joints were systematically investigated.The Ni coating layer had a significant effect on formation of the Mg_(2)Sn IMC and the mechanical properties of Mg/Al joints.The blocky Mg_(2)Sn IMC formed in the Mg/SAC/Al joints without a Ni coating layer.The content of the Mg_(2)Sn IMC increased with increasing soldering temperature,but the joint strength decreased.The joint without a Ni coating layer fractured at the blocky Mg_(2)Sn IMC in the solder,and the maximum shear strength was 32.2 MPa.By pre-plating Ni on the Mg substrate,formation of the blocky Mg_(2)Sn IMC was inhibited in the soldering temperature range 240–280℃and the joint strength increased.However,when the soldering temperature increased to 310℃,the blocky Mg_(2)Sn IMC precipitated again in the solder.Transmission electron microscopy showed that some nano-sized Mg_(2)Sn IMC and the(Cu,Ni)_(6)Sn_(5)phase formed in the Mg(Ni)/SAC/Al joint soldered at 280℃,indicating that the Ni coating layer could no longer prevent diffusion of Mg into the solder when the soldering temperature was higher than 280℃.The maximum shear strength of the Mg(Ni)/SAC/Al joint was 58.2 MPa for a soldering temperature of 280℃,which was 80.7%higher than that of the Mg/SAC/Al joint,and the joint was broken at the Mg(Ni)/SAC interface.Pre-plating Ni is a feasible way to inhibit formation of IMCs when joining dissimilar metals.

超声功率对连杆轴瓦Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层耐磨性能的影响

用超声-喷射电沉积方法研究了超声波功率对连杆轴瓦表面Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层耐磨性的影响。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高分辨率电子显微镜(TEM)对Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层的表面形貌、物相组成、组织结构进行分析,用摩擦磨损试验机及纳米显微硬度计对镀层的显微硬度及耐磨性能进行研究。结果表明:超声波功率通过空化效应及微射流作用搅拌镀液,可使Al_(2)O_(3)纳米粒子更好的悬浮在镀液中,从而影响镀层耐磨性。当超声波功率为200 W时,Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层中Ni峰低且宽,镀层晶粒细小,结构致密,显微硬度达到639.2HV,摩擦因数和磨损质量损失分别为0.53和0.27 mg。涂覆Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层的连杆轴瓦磨损量仅为0.31 mg,耐磨性高于未涂覆Ni-Al_(2)O_(3)镀层的连杆轴瓦。

MICROSTRUCTURE OF ELECTRODEPOSITED Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

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Corrosion resistance of electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating

Immersion experiment results show that corrosion rate of the as deposited RE Ni W P SiC composite coating in HCl solutions increases with the rise of HCl concentration. On the contrary, the corrosion rate of the composite coating after heat treatment decreases with increasing HCl concentration. The corrosion rates of the composite coatings in as deposited state and after heat treatment in H 2SO 4 and H 3PO 4 solutions respectively decrease with the rise of H 2SO 4 and H 3PO 4 concentrations. The corrosion rate of the composite coating as deposited in FeCl 3 solutions decreases with increasing FeCl 3 concentration, while the rate of the composite coating after heat treatment increases with the rise of FeCl 3 concentration. The corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel in the corrosion media of H 2SO 4, HCl, H 3PO 4 and FeCl 3 solutions at different concentrations increases with rising concentration. In addition, the corrosion rate of 316L stainless steel in the corrosion media of H 2SO 4, HCl, H 3PO 4 and FeCl 3 solutions respectively is much greater than that of the RE Ni W P SiC composite coating as deposited and after heat treatment in the same corrosion media. [

Effects of addition of rare earth on properties and structures of Ni-W-B-SiC composite coatings

The effects of rare earth (RE) on the composition, phase structures, surface morphologies and hardness of electrodeposited RE Ni W B SiC composite coatings were discussed. The results show that W and SiC contents in the coatings increase with the increase of RE in the bath. When RE is added in the coatings, the grains are refined and the trend of formation of amorphous coatings is increased. Moreover, the thermal stability of the RE Ni W B SiC composite coatings is enhanced. The hardness of the coatings is increased with the increase of heat treatment temperature, and it reaches the peak value when heated at 400 ℃. Besides, the hardness of the RE Ni W B SiC coatings is higher than that of the Ni W B SiC coatings.

Microstructure of electrodeposited RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating

The components and microstructure of the RE Ni W P SiC composite coating were analyzed by means of EPXDS, SEM and XRD. The results showed that the composite coating containing 5%～14%RE, 4%～7%SiC, 12%～15%P and 5%～6%W was obtained by use of appropriate bath composition and plating conditions. The as deposited composite coating is amorphous and it becomes mixture when the temperature is raised from 200 ℃ to 400 ℃. However, the composite coating is crystal when the temperature is over 400 ℃. Scanning electron microscopy indicates that the heat treatment temperature has no effect on the surface morphologies of the RE Ni W P SiC composite coating. This is to say that the composite coating has a better heat stability of microstructure and high temperature oxidation.

Corrosion Behavior of Cu/Ni Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy after Diffused Treatment

To improve the low thermal conductivities and poor wear resistances of TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)alloy,the most widely used titanium alloy,the surface of TC4 alloys is modified by electroplating deposition of Ni and Cu layers,and then heat-treated to increase the diffusivity at the interface.In this paper,the corrosion behavior of Cu/Ni coatings on TC4 alloy at different heat treatment processes was investigated in 3.5 wt%Na Cl by the electrochemical analysis,and the microstructure and composition of corrosion products was carried out to reveal the corrosion resistance mechanism of Cu/Ni coatings.It was found that the corrosion resistance was significantly influenced by heat treatment temperature.With the increasing diffusion treatment temperature from 500 to 700℃,the corrosion potential positively shifted from-330.87 to-201.14 m V,and the corrosion current density decreased from 4.02×10^-3 to 0.514×10^-3 m A/cm^2.However,when heat treatment temperature increased to 800℃,the corrosion potential negatively shifted to-207.21 m V,and the current density increased to 1.62×10^-3 m A/cm^2.The diffusion behavior of Ti,Ni and Cu elements occurred and small amounts of Ni and Ti elements appeared on the specimen surface under different heat treatment temperature.Especially heattreated at 700℃,the smaller pore size,dense Cu2O film,and highly stable Ti O and Ni O oxide layer were formed,which dramatically enhanced the corrosion resistance of Cu/Ni coatings.Finally,a novel model of corrosion resistance was proposed based on the analysis mentioned above.

Thermodynamics of electrodeposited Ni-B-SiC composite coatings

The φ pH diagram of Ni B H 2O system was drawn, and the mechanism of electrodepositing Ni B SiC composite coatings was discussed. The results show that the deposition of Ni and B occurs prior to that of H 2 because of the over potential of H 2 evolution on the Fe substrate. Boron can not singly deposit in aqueous solution. Nickel and boron can co deposit in the form of Ni 4B 3 without evolution of hydrogen when the cathodical potential is kept to be -1.415 ～ -1.700?V.

Investigation on plasma-sprayed ZrO_2 thermal barrier coating on nickel alloy substrate

The thermal barrier coatings with NiCrAlY alloy bonding layer, NiCrAlY Y 2O 3 stabilized ZrO 2 transition layer and Y 2O 3 stabilized ZrO 2 ceramic layer are prepared on nickel alloy substrates using the plasma spray technique. The relationship among the composition, structure and property of the coatings are investiga ted by means of optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope and the experiments of thermal shock resistance cycling and high temperature oxidation resistance. The results show that the structure design of introdu cing a transition layer between Ni alloy substrate and ZrO 2 ceramic coating guarantees the high quality and properties of the coatings; ZrO 2 coatings doped with a little SiO 2 possesses better thermal shock resistance and more excellent hot corrosion resistance as compared with ZrO 2 coating materials without SiO 2 ;the improvement in performance of ZrO 2 coating doped with SiO 2 is due to forming more dense coating structure by self closing effects of the flaws and pores in the ZrO 2 coatings.

含Ag@Ni核壳结构粉体镍基复合涂层的多循环高温摩擦学性能

为了抑制Ag的扩散,采用化学镀方法制备Ag@Ni核壳结构粉体,并利用大气等离子喷涂技术制备NiCrAlY-Mo-Ag@Ni涂层,详细研究核壳结构设计对涂层在高温循环工况下的力学及摩擦学性能的影响。研究结果表明:Ag的核壳结构设计可以提高镍基涂层中Ag与NiCrAlY的界面结合强度,进而显著提高复合涂层的硬度。Ni覆层有效地抑制了Ag在高温摩擦过程中的扩散与耗散。800℃时NiCrAlY-Mo-Ag@Ni涂层的摩擦因数仅为0.25,磨损率仅为1×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m),显著低于NiCrAlY-Mo-Ag涂层。同时,Ag的核壳结构设计使得涂层在高温多循环工况下始终保持良好的自润滑性和耐磨性。

Ni含量对CrN涂层抗磨蚀性能的影响研究

目的探究在模拟海洋环境下,Ni的掺入对CrN涂层耐磨性能的影响,研究不同Ni含量的CrNiN涂层的磨蚀行为。方法采用磁控溅射方法对CrNiN涂层中的Ni含量进行调控,制备CrN涂层、Ni掺杂含量分别为15.85%(原子数分数)和39.06%的CrNiN涂层。通过干摩擦试验和模拟海水磨蚀试验,对3种涂层的力学性能和磨蚀行为进行研究对比,并分析其摩擦损伤机理。结果在干摩擦试验条件下,CrNiN涂层的摩擦学性能主要由涂层的力学性能决定,Ni原子数分数为15.85%的CrNiN涂层兼具高硬度和良好韧性,磨痕最浅,其磨损率在3种涂层中最低,为9.1×10^(-7)mm^(3)/(N·m),而在模拟海洋磨蚀的开路电位(OCP)下,Ni原子数分数为15.85%的CrNiN涂层的磨损率大于CrN涂层,CrN涂层具有最低的摩擦因数以及最低的磨损率。3种涂层在正电位(+0.6 V)时的磨损率显著大于开路电位(OCP)下的磨损率,说明腐蚀降低了涂层的耐磨性。通过对腐蚀产物进行分析,表明CrN的腐蚀产物主要是CrO_(2)以及Cr_(2)O_(3),具有一定的润滑作用,而含Ni的CrNiN涂层在腐蚀过程中产生了NiO,对涂层的耐磨性产生了不利影响。结论在干摩擦试验条件下,CrNiN涂层的摩擦学性能主要由涂层的力学性能决定,Ni原子数分数为15.85%的CrNiN涂层兼具高硬度和良好韧性,从而更耐磨。在模拟海洋磨蚀试验条件下,CrNiN涂层的腐蚀产物严重影响其磨蚀性能。

Electroplating of Ni/Co–pumice multilayer nanocomposite coatings: Effect of current density on crystal texture transformations and corrosion behavior

The present paper aims to investigate the influence of the current density in the electroplating process on the microstructure, crystal texture transformations, and corrosion behavior of Ni/Co pumice multilayer nanocomposite coatings. The Ni/Co pumice composite coatings were prepared by deposition of Ni, followed by the simultaneous deposition of pumice nanoparticles (NPs) in a Co matrix via an electroplating process at various current densities. Afterward, the morphology, size, topography, and crystal texture of the obtained samples were investigated. Furthermore, electrochemical methods were used to investigate the corrosion behavior of the produced coatings in a solution of 3.5wt% NaCl. The results indicated that increasing the plating current density changed the mechanism of coating growth from the cell state to the column state, in- creased the coating thickness, roughness, and texture coefficient (TC) of the Co (203) plane, and reduced the amount of pumice NPs incorporated into the Ni/Co pumice composite. The electrochemical results also indicated that increasing the current density enhanced the corrosion resistance of the Ni/Co pumice composite.

不同加热环境下钛表面Ni/Al涂层制备与高温氧化性

目的 研究大气与真空加热处理后Ni/Al涂层的金属间化合物析出规律,以及扩散层的生长速度,从而确定涂层的抗氧化性能。方法 分别采用电弧喷涂技术和等离子喷涂技术在纯钛基体表面制备Ni/Al涂层。将样品分别在大气条件和真空条件下进行加热处理,使Ni/Al涂层原位反应生成Ni-Al金属间化合物,并进行涂层抗氧化性试验。结果 Ni/Al涂层在大气环境700℃加热处理后,形成以Al_(2)O_(3)、Ni2Al3和富Al相NiAl3相为主的扩散层;在真空环境700℃加热处理后,形成以Ni2Al3、NiAl3相为主的扩散层。通过扩散反应动力学分析发现,真空热处理比大气热处理后Ni和Al之间的反应扩散系数更高,扩散系数为89.731μm2/h。氧化增重试验表明,真空处理后,Ni/Al涂层由于金属间化合物层较厚,且具有大量的高熔点的Ni2Al3相,并且经过800℃下氧化200h后,涂层未发生失效。结论 真空环境下加热处理原位反应后,Ni/Al复合涂层的扩散速率更高,更容易形成Ni-Al金属间化合物,获得更厚的金属间化合物层。与大气热处理相比,经过真空热处理后的涂层有更良好的抗高温氧化能力。

Fabrication of superhydrophobic reduced-graphene oxide/nickel coating with mechanical durability,self-cleaning and anticorrosion performance

There is a great challenge to fabricate superhydrophobic coating with excellent mechanical durability and corrosion resistance.Inspired by the pinecone-shaped structure,a novel reduced-graphene oxide(rGO)/Ni composite coating with pinecone-like micro/nanostructures was fabricated successfully on a stainless steel substrate using a simple electrodeposition method combining Ni pre-deposition and an elevated current assistant approach.The results show that the coating is of self-cleaning and superhydrophicity with a water contact angle(CA)of 162.7°±0.8°and a sliding angle(SA)of 2.5°±1.0°.Importantly,the coating still maintains the excellent self-cleaning and superhydrophicity,water CA of 155.8°±1.2°and SA of 5.9°±1.2°,even after 100-cycle mechanical abrasion.Meanwhile,the coating also exhibits good anticorrosion performance in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution,with 99.98%inhibition efficiency.The simple fabrication method may provide a cost-effective way to prepare mechanically durable,anticorrosive,self-cleaning and superhydrophobic coatings on metal substrates.

Improving Wear Resistance of the Ni-base Thermal Spray-Welding Coating Using Rare Earths

By adding rare earth alloy and cerium oxide, the effect of rare earths on tribological properties of nickel base alloy layer was studied to approach the possibility of applying rare earths to Ni base thermal spray welding coating. Wear test results showed that the wear rates of the nickel base coating without rare earths were quite high, and the load bearing capacity of coating was low, in contrast, the wear rates of the coating with rare earths were low and the coating had higher load bearing capacity. The results show that rare earths can refine the structure of nickel base alloy, improve the interface of the coating and substrate.

泡沫基材-Ni-石墨烯复合镀层制备及电催化析氢性能研究

目的 采用电沉积技术在泡沫基材上沉积制备Ni-石墨烯复合镀层,期望借助泡沫基材的三维多孔结构和石墨烯的超高比表面积来改变复合材料的表面状态,进而获得高镀层的电催化析氢性能。方法 采用电沉积技术将石墨烯作为第二相粒子沉积,制备了泡沫基材-Ni-石墨烯复合电极,通过SEM和EDS研究了其微观形貌及成分,并利用电化学工作站完成了镀层电极的极化曲线、交流阻抗和电解水稳定性测试,使用控制变量法探究了镀层厚度、镀液石墨烯浓度和基材形貌对镀层电催化析氢活性的影响。结果 SEM和EDS表征发现,镀层表面形貌受镀液中石墨烯浓度影响较大,石墨烯作为第二相嵌入镀层后,明显改变了复合镀层的表面形貌,其存在形态为颗粒状,在150 mg·L^(–1)时颗粒堆积最多。进一步利用电化学分析技术探究了镀层厚度、镀液石墨烯浓度和基材形貌对电极电催化析氢性能的影响,发现在一定范围内,不同厚度镀层的电催化析氢活性基本相同;石墨烯质量浓度为150mg·L^(–1)时制得的电极的电催化析氢性能最优,析氢过电位为211.2m V(vs.RHE),且电解水稳定性良好;泡沫基材镀层的电催化析氢活性明显优于平板基材镀层。结论 石墨烯的引入和泡沫基材三维多孔结构均增大了复合镀层的比表面积,是电极表现良好的电催化析氢活性的关键。

Laser Remelting of Plasma Sprayed NiCrAlY and NiCrAlY-Al_2O_3 Coatings

Two types of plasma sprayed coatings (NiCrAlY and NiCrAlY-A12O3) were remelted by a 5 kW cw CO2 laser. With increasing laser power and decreasing traverse speed in the ranges of 200-700 W and 5-30 mm/s respectively, the melted track grew in width and depth. In the optimum range of laser parameters, a homogeneous remelted layer without voids, cavities, unmelted particles and microcracks was formed. On the surface of remelted layers, Al203 and YAIO3 were detected. As a result of isothermal oxidation tests, weight gains of laser remelted coatings were obviously lower than that only plasma sprayed, especially laser remelted NiCrAlY-Al2O3 coatings. The effects of laser remelting and incorporation of A12O3 second phase in N1CrAlY matrix on high temperature oxidation resistance were discussed.

Incorporation of nano/micron-SiC particles in Ni-based composite coatings towards enhanced mechanical and anti-corrosion properties

Ni-based composite coatings incorporated with nano/micron SiC particles were fabricated via electrochemical co-deposition in Watts bath,followed by the evaluation of their mechanical and anti-corrosion properties.The micrographic observations suggest that the SiC particles with various sizes can be well incorporated to the Ni substrate.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns indicate that SiC particles with smaller sizes could weaken the preferential growth of Ni along(200)facet.In addition,it is found that the incorporated SiC particles with medium micron sizes(8 and 1.5μm)could significantly enhance the micro-hardness of the Ni composite coatings.Nevertheless,electrochemical measurements demonstrate that micron-sized SiC particles would weaken the corrosion resistance of Ni composite coatings ascribed to the structure defects induced.In contrast,the combined incorporation of nanosized(50 nm)SiC particles with medium micron(1.5μm)ones is capable of promoting the compactness of the composite coatings,which is beneficial to the long-term corrosion resistance with negligible micro-hardness loss.

Ni镀层对Cu/Al钎焊接头界面组织与力学性能的影响

为探究Ni-P镀层对Cu/Al异种金属钎焊界面反应的影响,采用化学镀方法对T2紫铜进行化学镀镍处理,使用BAl88Si药芯钎料通过感应钎焊方法钎焊Cu/Al接头。采用扫描电子显微镜和电子背散射衍射技术对接头进行微观组织观察与物相分析,并对接头进行力学性能测试,分析镀层对Cu/Al接头微观组织结构及力学性能的影响,探讨钎焊过程中不同钎焊接头的界面形成机理。结果表明:无镀层接头在界面处形成了Cu_(9)Al_(4)和CuAl_(2)两层金属间化合物,有镀层接头界面处形成了Al_(2)Ni和Al_(3)Ni金属间化合物。无镀层接头的抗拉强度可达56.4 MPa,优于有镀层接头。接头均发生脆性断裂,断裂位置从无镀层接头的CuAl2和α-Al固溶体的界面处转变为有镀层接头的Al3Ni金属间化合物处。

INFLUENCE OF PHASE COMPOSITION ON PITTING CORROSION RESISTANCE OF SPUTTERED COATING OF 1Cr18Ni9Ti STAINLESS STEEL

A series of single bcc,bcc plus fcc duplex and single fcc microcrystalline coatings of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel were prepared by using sputtering technique.The resistance against pitting corrosion was studied by measurements of pitting corrosion potentials and electrochemical noise during initiation of corrosion pits.The results show that the sputtered coatings with single bcc phase or single fcc structure are more resistant to pitting corrosion than those with bcc plus fcc duplex phase structure.