载体焙烧温度对Ni/CuO-ZrO_2-CeO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂在甲烷自热重整制氢反应中催化性能的影响

采用浸渍-共沉淀法制备Ni/CuO-ZrO_2-CeO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂,Ni负载质量分数为10%。在固定床微反装置考察载体焙烧温度(600℃=、700℃、800℃和900℃)对Ni/CuO-ZrO_2-CeO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂在甲烷自热重整制氢反应中催化性能的影响。结果表明,载体焙烧温度800℃制备的催化剂活性较好。由XRD和TPR分析可知,随着焙烧温度的升高,各衍射峰的峰强度增强,峰尖锐,说明随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂中各氧化物晶粒增大。焙烧温度800℃的Ni/CuO-ZrO_2-CeO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的NiO峰强度较小,说明在该催化剂上NiO以高度分散的状态存在于催化剂表面。

Autothermal reforming of methane over Ni catalysts supported over ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3

Ni catalysts supported on Al2O3, ZrO2-Al2O3, CeO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 were prepared by coprecipitation method, and their catalytic performances for autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS. The relationship between the structures and catalytic activities of the catalysts was discussed. The results showed that the catalytic activity and stability of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was better than those of other catalysts with the highest CH4 conversion, H2/CO and H2/COx ratio at 750 ℃. The catalyst showed a little deactivation along the reaction time during its 72 h on stream with the mean deactivation rate of 0.08%/h. The catalytic performance of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst was also affected by reaction temperature, no2 ： nCH4 molar ratio and nH2O ： nCH4 molar ratio. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the formation of ZrO2-CeO2 solid solution could improve the dispersion of NiO, and inhibit the formation of NiAl2O3, and thus significantly promoted the catalytic activity of the Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst.

Preparation and characterization of Fe_2O_3-CeO_2-TiO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst for degradation dye wastewater

In order to develop a catalyst with high activity for catalytic wet oxidation （CWO） process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by consecutive impregnation method and the prepared parameters were optimized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by BET, XRF, SEM and XPS technologies, and the actual wastewater was used to investigate the catalytic activity of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 in CWO process. The experimental results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity when the doping amount of Ti was 1.0 wt% （the weight ratio of Ti to carriers）, and the middle product, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3, was calcined in 450℃ for 2 h. The CWO experiment for treating actual dye wastewater indicated that the COD, color and TOC of actual wastewater were decreased by 62.23%, 50.12% and 41.26% in 3 h, respectively, and the ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.19 to 0.30.

Syngas production by combined carbon dioxide reforming and partial oxidation of methane over Ni/α-Al_2O_3 catalysts

Ni/α-Al2O3 catalysts were found to be active in the temperature range 600 ～ 900℃ for both CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of methane.The effects of Ni loading,reaction temperature and feed gas ratio for the combination of CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of CH4 over Ni/α-Al2O3 were investigated.Catalysts of xwt%Ni/α-Al2O3（x=2.5,5,8 and 12） were prepared by wet impregnating the calcined support with a solution of nickel nitrate.XRD patterns and activity tests have verified that the 5wt%Ni/α-Al2O3 was the most active catalyst,as compared with the other prepared catalyst samples.An increase of the Ni loading to more than 5wt% led to a reduction in the Ni dispersion.In addition,by combining the endothermic carbon dioxide reforming reaction with the exothermic partial oxidation reaction,the loss of catalyst activity with time on stream was reduced with the amount of oxygen added to the feed.

EFFECT OF Ni CRYSTAL SIZE DISTRIBUTION ON THE ANTICOKING BEHAVIOR OF La-MODIFIED Ni/α-Al_2O_3 CATALYSTS

The crystal size distribution（CSD）was determined with small angle X-ray scattering technique.Theanticoking property of Ni-catalysts was investigated with the steam reforming of n-heptane in a TG-monitoredflow reactor.The results of this study show that the rate of coking on the supported Ni-catalysts depends main-ly on the percentage content of the large size fraction（25-70nm）of Ni-crystallites,and that the dispersion ofNi-crystallites and the anticoking property of the Ni/α-Al2O3 catalysts were promoted obviously by theLa2O3-modification method.The variation of the Ni-CSD and the anticoking property of the catalysts were fur-ther tested through different periods of hydrothermal treatment.It is found that the content of the largeNi-crystal size fraction and the coking rate pass correspondingly through a maximum.

Catalytic Hydrogenation Performance of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone over Ni/γ-Al_2O_3 Catalysts

Supported nickel-based catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method for the selective hydrogenation of methyl isobutyl ketone to methyl isobutyl carbinol in a fixed-bed reactor. The effects of the nickel source,Ni loading, calcination time, and calcination temperature on the hydrogenation performance were studied. The experimental results showed that the Ni/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst demonstrated the highest catalytic performance under the preparation conditions by using nickel nitrate as the nickel source with a NiO loading of 20%, followed by calcination at 440°C for 5h. In addition,this catalyst showed the largest specific surface area, best crystal structure, highest active component content, smallest particle size, and uniform distribution of NiO on the surface of the carrier. The nickel-based catalyst prepared using the optimized conditions exhibited a 96.1% conversion of methyl isobutyl ketone, with a methyl isobutyl carbinol selectivity of 99.6%. The described procedure is very effective for the preparation of methyl isobutyl carbinol using methyl isobutyl ketone as the feedstock.

Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane over Ni/CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3

Nickel catalysts supported on CeO2-ZrO2-CeO2,ZrO2-Al2O3 and Al2O3 were prepared and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction（XRD）,BET areas,H2 temperature-programmed reduction（H2-TPR）,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）.Through the test of catalytic partial oxidation of methane（CPOM）,Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 displayed the highest activity,which resulted from its largest BET area and best NiO dispersion.Furthermore,Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 maintained a long-time stability in CPOM,which was attributed to its best coking resistance among all the prepared catalysts.

Comparison of dry reforming of methane in low temperature hybrid plasma-catalytic corona with thermal catalytic reactor over Ni/γ-Al_2O_3

In the current study, the hybrid effect of a corona discharge and γ-alumina supported Ni catalysts in CO2 reforming of methane is investigated. The study includes both purely catalytic operation in the temperature range of 923-1023 K, and hybrid catalytic-plasma operation of DC corona discharge reactor at room temperature and ambient pressure. The effect of feed flow rate, discharge power and Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts are studied. When CH4/CO2 ratio in the feed is 1/2, the syngas of low Ha/CO ratio at about 0.56 is obtained, which is a potential feedstock for synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons. Although Ni catalyst is only active above 573 K, presence of Ni catalysts in the cold corona plasma reactor （T≤523 K） shows promising increase in the conversions of methane and carbon dioxide. When Ni catalysts are used in the plasma reaction, H2/CO ratios in the products are slightly modified, selectivity to CO increases whereas fewer by-products such as hydrocarbons and oxygenates are formed.

Partial oxidation of methane on Ni/CeO_2-ZrO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 prepared using different processes

The influences of CeO2-ZrO2 and γ-Al2O3 mixing methods on the catalytic activity and stability of partial oxidation of methane （POM） were investigated over Ni/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-Al2O3 catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, H2-chemsorption, and TG-DTA. For fresh catalysts, the results showed that the salt precursor mixing catalyst （ATOM） presented better performance than the catalysts prepared by the precipitator mixing method （MOL） and the powder mechanically mixing method （MECH）. The result of XRD suggested that the interaction between CeO2-ZrO2 and Al2O3 in ATOM sample was stronger than the others, which led to more lattice defects and thereby better initial activity. Moreover, the MECH sample had the best stability and the least coke deposition in 24 h stability tests. The results of TPR and H2-chemsorption indicated that the intimate contact of Ni-Al in MECH sample enhanced the ability of resisting coke deposition and metal sintering.

Renewable hydrogen production from steam reforming of glycerol(SRG)over ceria-modified Y-alumina supported Ni catalyst

Excess crude glycerol derived as a by-product from biodiesel industry prompts the need to valorise glycerol to value-added chemicals.In this context,catalytic steam reforming of glycerol(SRG) was proposed as a promising and sustainable alternative for producing renewable hydrogen(H2).Herein,the development of nickel(Ni) supported on ceria-modified mesoporous γ-alumina(γ-Al2 O3) catalysts and their applications in catalytic SRG(at550-750℃ atmospheric pressure and weight hourly space velocity,WHSV,of 44,122 ml·g^-1·h^-1(STP)) is presented.Properties of the developed catalysts were characterised using many technique s.The findings show that ceria modification improved Ni dispersion on γ-Al2 O3 catalyst support with highly active small Ni particles,which led to a remarkable catalytic performance with the total glycerol conversion(ca.99%),glycerol conversion into gaseous products(ca.77%) and H2 yield(ca.62%).The formation rate for H2 production(14.4 ×10^(-5)mol·s^-1·g^-1, TOF(H2)=3412 s^-1) was significantly improved with the Ni@12 Ce-Al2 O3 catalyst,representing nearly a 2-fold increase compared with that of the conventional Ni@AI2 O3 catalyst.In addition,the developed catalyst also exhibited comparatively high stability(for 12 h) and coke resistance ability.

Hydrogen production by steam reforming of acetic acid and bio-oil using Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts

Hydrogen production from steam reforming of bio-oil and acetic acid using Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was studied in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor.This study selected different Ni loadings(16.8%and 30.5%)in Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts and reaction temperatures(500°C,600°C and 700°C)as variables to optimize the hydrogen yield and selectivity of gases formed.Experiments were carried out in an isothermal manner.The catalysts were prepared on wet impregnation of aγ-Al2O3 which supported with two different Ni loadings.The principal gases generated were H2,CO,CO2 and CH4.The results from steam reforming of acetic acid showed that the yield and selectivity of hydrogen using the catalyst with 30.5%Ni were significantly higher than that with 16.8%Ni.The results showed that the most favorable temperature for hydrogen production was 600°C,and the steam reforming of bio-oil using Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst with 30.5%Ni showed that the yields and selectivity of H2 and CO2 increased with the temperature increasing while CH4 and CO selectivity decreased.These results showed that the most favorable temperature for hydrogen production from bio-oil using 30.5%Ni/γ-Al2O3 was 600°C,at which hydrogen yield was at its maximum of 65%.

Ni/Y_2O_3-Al_2O_3 catalysts for hydrogen production from steam reforming of ethanol at low temperature

Y2O3-Al2O3 with different mole ratios of Y：Al were prepared by co-precipitation method. Catalysts Ni/Y2O3, Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/ Y2O3-Al2O3 were prepared by impregnation method. The result of BET showed that Al2O3 with relative high surface area was in favor of Ni distribution, whilst the TPR test demonstrated that composite support had appropriate synergistic effect between active constituent and sup-port, and NiO could be reduced more easily than loaded on the single support. H2-TPD test indicated that the catalyst NYA11 had lots of ac-tivity sites where H could be desorbed easily, which led to hydrogen-rich production over the catalyst. Composite support catalysts exhibited high activity for ethanol steam reforming （SRE）, and the supported catalyst with composite of 1：1 mole ratio of Y：Al exhibited the optimum catalytic properties for SRE. Ethanol could be completely converted over catalyst NYA11 even at 450 °C, and there had no inactivation after 60 h continuous reaction, hydrogen yield appeared maximum 35.9% at 400 ℃, and tended to increase with increasing H2O/EtOH molar ratio and feed flow rate.

镍基催化剂对CO-超临界水制氢固碳反应的影响

利用水热法制备镍基催化剂Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3,并采用X-射线衍射仪和X-射线荧光能谱仪对其组分进行表征.在高温高压反应釜中,同时添加镍基催化剂和固碳剂(硅灰石)的条件下进行CO-超临界水气转化(WGS)试验,分别考察温度、压力等因素对CO-超临界水气化反应的影响及探究制氢固碳的可行性.结果表明:添加催化剂Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3能同时提高制氢效率和矿化效率,相同工况下添加催化剂时制氢效率最大可提高8%,矿化效率最大可提高8.2%;CO初压为4 MPa、温度为420℃时,添加1 g催化剂和10 g硅灰石,制氢效率可达到16.8%;CO初压为6 MPa、温度为400℃时,添加相同样品的工况下,CO2矿化效率达到38.1%;在存在催化剂Ni/ZrO2-CeO2-Al2O3的WGS反应中,CO初压对CO2矿化影响较大,而温度对制氢效率的影响较大.