Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Laser Clad Ni-Ag/TiC Composite Coating

Ni-Ag/TiC composite coating was prepared on the 45 steel substrates by means of laser cladding. Microstructure and wear properties of composite coatings were analyzed using optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and wear machine. The experimental results show that defects, such as cracks and pores, do not occur in the laser-cladded Ni-Ag/TiC composite coating and 45 steel substrate, and they present good metallurgical bonding between them. Compared with Ni/TiC composite coating, micro- hardness values of the two coatings do not present evident differences. The wear experiment result shows that Ni-Ag/TiC composite coated with Ag possesses low friction coefficient and good wear resistance compared with Ni/TiC composite coating.

Tribological properties of Ni-base alloy composite coating modified by both graphite and TiC particles

In order to reduce the friction coefficient of Ni-base alloy coating and further improve its wear resistance,Ni-base alloy composite coatings modified by both graphite and TiC particles were prepared by plasma spray technology on the surface of 45 carbon steel.The results show that friction coefficient of the composite coating is 47.45% lower than that of the Ni-base alloy coating,and the wear mass loss is reduced by 59.1%.Slip lines and severe adhesive plastic deformation are observed on the worn surface of the Ni-base alloy coating,indicating that the wear mechanisms of the Ni-base alloy coating are multi-plastic deformation wear and adhesive wear.A soft transferred layer abundant in graphite and ferric oxide is developed on the worn surface of the composite coating,which reduces the friction coefficient and wear loss in a great deal.The main wear mechanism of the composite coating is fatigue delamination of the transferred layer.

Tribological behavior and mechanisms of graphite/CaF_2/TiC/Ni-base alloy composite coatings

In order to reduce the friction coefficients and improve the wear resistance of mechanical parts, which work in the severe friction and wear conditions at heavy loads, the graphite/CaFg/TiC/Ni-base alloy composite coatings were prepared by plasma spray and their tribological behavior and mechanisms were investigated. The results show that the friction coefficients of the composite coatings are in the range of 0.22-0.288, which are reduced by 25.9% to 53% compared with those of the pure Ni-base alloy coatings, and the wear rates of the former are 18.6%-70.1% less than those of the latter. When wear against GCr15 steel balls, a transferred layer mainly composed of ferric oxides, graphite and CaF2 may gradually develop on the worn surface of the composite coatings, which made the friction and wear between GCr15 steel ball and the composite coatings change into that between the former and the transferred layer. So the friction coefficients and the wear lubrication effect of the transferred layer. The main wear layer in friction process. rates of the composite coatings are greatly reduced because of the solid mechanism of the composite coatings is delamination of the transferred

Effects of graphite content on microstructure and tribological properties of graphite/TiC/Ni-base alloy composite coatings

In order to reduce the friction coefficients and further improve the anti-wear properties of Ni-base alloy coatings reinforced by TiC particles,graphite/TiC/Ni-base alloy（GTN） coatings were prepared on the surface of 45 carbon steel.The effects of graphite content on the microstructure and tribological properties of the GTN coatings were investigated.The results show that the addition of graphite to the GTN coatings may greatly reduce the friction coefficients and improve their wear resistance.The 6.56GTN and 12.71GTN coatings exhibit excellent integrated properties of anti-friction and wear resistance under low and high loads,respectively.Under a low load,the wear mechanisms of the GTN coatings are mainly multi-plastic deformation with slight abrasive wear and gradually change into mixture of multi-plastic deformation,delamination and micro-cutting wear with the increase of graphite fraction.As the load increases,the main wear mechanisms gradually change from micro-cracks,micro-cutting and adhesive wear to micro-cutting and micro-fracture with the increase of graphite fraction.

Tribological properties and wear prediction model of TiC particles reinforced Ni-base alloy composite coatings

TiC particles reinforced Ni-based alloy composite coatings were prepared on 7005 aluminum alloy by plasma spray. The effects of load, speed and temperature on the tribological behavior and mechanisms of the composite coatings under dry friction were researched. The wear prediction model of the composite coatings was established based on the least square support vector machine (LS-SVM). The results show that the composite coatings exhibit smaller friction coefficients and wear losses than the Ni-based alloy coatings under different friction conditions. The predicting time of the LS-SVM model is only 12.93%of that of the BP-ANN model, and the predicting accuracies on friction coefficients and wear losses of the former are increased by 58.74%and 41.87%compared with the latter. The LS-SVM model can effectively predict the tribological behavior of the TiCP/Ni-base alloy composite coatings under dry friction.

Morphological evolution of primary TiC carbide in laser clad TiC reinforced FeAl intermetallic composite coating

The novel rapidly solidified TiC/FeAl composite coatings were fabricated by laser cladding on the substrate of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel, particular emphasis has been placed on the growth morphologies of TiC carbide and its growth mechanism under a constant solidification conditions. Results show that the growth morphology of TiC carbide strongly depends upon the nucleation process and mass transportation process of TiC forming elements in laser melt pool. With increasing amount of titanium and carbon in melt pool, the growth morphology of TiC carbide changes from block like to star like and well developed dendrite. As the amount of titanium and carbon increases further, TiC carbide particles are found to be irregular polyhedral block. Although the growth morphologies of TiC are various,their advancing fronts are all faceted, illustrating that TiC carbide grows by the mechanism of lateral ledge growth.

In-Situ Synthesis and Characteristics of TiC-Fe Cermet Graded Composite Coating on a Steel Substrate

By means of an inherent elevated-temperature of poured liquid steel,a Ti-C-30wt%Fe preform,which was pre-placed in a mould cavity,was directly ignited and a combustion synthesis reaction took place.As a result,a TiC-Fe cermet coating with a thickness of about 10mm was simultaneously synthesized on the solidified steel matrix.The synthesized coating exhibits a feature of graded composite structure,in which both the amount and size of TiC particles decrease gradually with an increasing distance from the furface of the coating.Moreover,by a proper casting technique,the pores formed during the combustion synthesis of the preform could be centrally distributed in 2-3mm in outer layer of the coating.When this outer porous layer was worn off,the rest coating with a thickness of about 8mm possesses a dense structure and a high abrasive wear resistance.

Microstructure of a Ni Matrix Composite Coating Reinforced by In-situ TiC Particles Using Plasma Cladding

Plasma cladding process was used to prepare the TiC/Ni composite coating on the mild steel substrates. The TiC particles were synthesized in-situ. Microstructure and properties of the coating were investigated by optical microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, SEM, TEM and microhardness tester. The results show that the interface between the coating and the substrate is metallurgically bonded. The coating was uniform and almost defect-free when [Ti+C] varied from 10% to 20% after ball milling. The microstructure of the coating is mainly composed of -Ni dendrite, interdendritic eutectic ( -Ni austenite, M23C6 and CrB) and TiC particles. Most of the TiC particles are spherical and a small fraction is blocky in size of l^2(im. The TiC particles are smaller at the bottom than near the top of the coating. The coating has a gradient microstructure and a highest hardness of lOOOHyO. 1.

Effect of Attapulgite Added in Plating Bath on the Properties of Ni/TiC Nano-composite Coatings

Pure copper plates were coated by Ni-TiC dipulse current plating method. The effects of adding different concentration（ranging from 0.5 g/L to 3.0 g/L） of attapulgite nano particles to the plating bath on the surface morphology, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance of Ni/TiC/Attapulgite nano-composite coatings were investigated. The experimental results show that the composite coating is flat and compact with adding 3.0 g/L in the bath, and the coating preferred orientation is changed from the planes（111） to（200）. The coefficient of the composite coatings decreases from 0.68 to 0.18 with increasing content of attapulgite in the bath, a mixed mode of adhesive-abrasive wear occurs for all coatings, and the wear mechanism shows a transition from adhesive-abrasive to predominantly abrasive wear mechanism when the concentration of attapulgite is beyond 1.5 g/L in electrolyte. The oxidation resistance of composite coatings is the best prepared when adding attapulgite particles at 0.5 g/L in the bath, the oxide mainly consists of a NiO phase by X-ray analysis.

A study on reactive braze coating of (TiC+Cr_3C_2)/Fe composite coatings

A new hardfacing process, reactive braze coating process (RBCC) was studied, and (TiC+Cr_3C_2)/Fe composite coatings were prepared by RBCC using carbon, Cr_3C_2, iron, ferrochromium and titanium powder as the raw materials in vacuum braze furnace. The results show that TiC is in-situ synthesized in the coatings. The methods of introducing Cr_3C_2 have great effects on the distribution of TiC. Adding Cr_3C_2 directly to the raw materials for coatings, fine TiC particles aggregate into discoids parallel to the coating surface, whereas, in-situ synthesizing Cr_3C_2 in coatings, the aggregations of TiC are lumpish. During braze coating, Cr_3C_2 particles directly added dissolve and precipitate to become needle-shaped. The coatings have an even and smooth surface and are combined with their mild steel substrates by a metallurgical bonding.

纳米TiC浓度对双脉冲电沉积Ni-TiC复合镀层结构及性能的影响

研究了镀液中纳米TiC的添加量对双脉冲电沉积Ni-TiC复合镀层结构及性能的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对镀层的表面形貌和物相进行了表征,并研究了镀层的表面粗糙度、显微硬度、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:当镀液中TiC浓度较低时,复合镀层表现为类似于纯Ni镀层的胞状沉积结构。当镀液中TiC浓度较高时,复合镀层表现为菜花状沉积结构。当纳米TiC浓度为8 g/L时,镀层表面致密性相对较高,Ni的衍射峰有明显的宽化现象。随着镀液中纳米TiC浓度的升高,复合镀层的磨损质量损失比表现为先下降后上升的趋势,当TiC浓度为8 g/L时,磨损质量损失比最小,为5.436%。当镀液中纳米TiC浓度为8 g/L时,镀层的自腐蚀电流密度最小,极化电阻值最大。结果表明双向脉冲电沉积制备Ni-TiC复合镀层镀液中最佳纳米TiC浓度为8 g/L。

Laser induced TiC particle reinforced composite layer on Ti6Al4V and their microstructural characteristics

An in situ synthesized TiC particle reinforced composite layer on Ti6Al4V were fabricated by laser induced reaction of the pre placed mixed powders of Ti and Cr 3C 2. The microstructure of the composite layer was strongly related to the composition of original powders and also the laser processing parameters. Under certain processing parameters, the matrix of the composite layer was transferred from dual α + β to single phase β with increasing Cr 3C 2 content in the original powder mixture. The TiC particles were fine and uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Furthermore, the fine TiC particles show excellent compatibility with the matrix, thus offering good wear performance.

Synthesis and Deposition of TiC-Fe Coatings by Oxygen-acetylene Flame Spraying

A simpler and more convenient method for producing wear-resistant, TiC-reinforced coatings were investigated in this study. It consists of the simultaneous synthesis and deposition of TiC-Fe materials by oxyacetylene flame spraying. Solid reagents bound together to form a single particle are injected into the flame stream where an in-situ reaction occurs. The reaction products are propelled onto a substrate to form a coating. Microstructural analyses reveal that TiC and Fe are the dominant phases in the coatings. The reaction between Ti and C happens step by step along with the reactive spray powder flight, and TiC-Fe materials were mainly synthesized where the spray distance is 125-170 mm. The TiC-Fe coatings are composed of alternate TiC-rich and TiC-poor lamellae with different microhardness of 11.9-13.7 and 3.0-6.0 GPa, respectively. Submicron and round TiC particles are dispersed within a ductile metal matrix. The peculiar microstructure is thought to be responsible for its good wear resistance, which is better nearly five times than WC-reinforced cermet coatings obtained by traditional oxyacetylene flame spray.

TiC含量对TiC/Ni复合涂层组织、硬度及耐蚀性的影响

为了提高价格低廉的45钢的零件在苛刻环境中的使用寿命,采用激光熔覆技术在其表面制备了不同TiC含量的TiC/Ni熔覆层,采用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计和电化学工作站等分析了涂层的组织、硬度及耐蚀性。结果表明:Ni35熔覆层枝晶为富含Fe、Ni的γ-Ni固溶体,晶间为γ-Ni固溶体和富含B、C的M_(23)C_(6)、Cr_(2)B组成的共晶体,熔覆层从底层到上层依次为平面晶、胞状晶、柱状晶、柱状树枝晶、等轴晶和细等轴晶,枝晶中的Cr元素随着距熔覆层底部距离的增加出现富集。添加10%和20%TiC的熔覆层下层为粗大的柱状晶和柱状树枝晶,中层和上层为等轴晶,TiC以块状和四边形的形态分布于枝晶间。添加30%TiC的熔覆层分布有块状、杆状、粒状、鱼骨状和花瓣状的TiC,枝晶为细小的等轴晶。不同TiC含量的熔覆层硬度均呈现下层和上层硬度高,中层硬度低的现象。含10%TiC的熔覆层平均硬度最低,含30%TiC的平均硬度最高。未添加TiC的Ni35熔覆层腐蚀电流密度最小,钝化膜稳定性最好,耐蚀性最优,添加TiC后熔覆层的耐蚀性下降,但随着TiC含量的升高,熔覆层耐蚀性逐渐升高。

反应等离子喷涂TiC-SiC复合涂层及其热稳定性

具有强共价键结合的碳化物和硅化物是高温防护涂层重要的候选材料,但单相材料通常难以达到良好的综合性能。为提高单相TiC陶瓷的高温性能,本文以Ti、石墨粉及SiC为原料,采用反应等离子喷涂制备了TiC-SiC复合涂层,利用XRD和SEM对涂层物相组成、结构及形貌进行了研究,并对比分析了涂层的显微硬度及其Weibull分布特点。研究表明:Ti粉与石墨粉间发生反应合成TiC,沉积涂层以TiC、SiC为主相;Ti-C-5wt.%SiC制备涂层的平均显微硬度(1070.8HV0.2)略低于Ti-C-20wt.%SiC制备的涂层(1127HV0.2),但其硬度分散性系数β和相关系数R均高于Ti-C-20wt.%SiC复合粉制备的涂层,这源于Ti-C-5wt.%SiC制备涂层相对均匀的显微结构。另外,900~1100℃热冲击性能及1000℃氧化性能的测试结果表明,Ti-C-5wt.%SiC制备的涂层具有更为优异的抗热冲击性和抗氧化性,这是由于该涂层具有较高的致密性,极大延缓了氧气进入涂层的时间。

TiC含量对激光熔覆AlCoCrFeNi基高熵合金复合涂层抗磨损和耐腐蚀性能的影响

通过激光熔覆在2205双相不锈钢表面制备了TiC增强AlCoCrFeNi基高熵合金复合涂层。通过X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜表征了AlCoCrFeNi+TiC熔覆层的物相组成和微观形貌,采用维氏硬度计测定了熔覆层的显微硬度,利用线性往复式摩擦磨损试验机测试了熔覆层的抗磨损性能,通过电化学工作站测试了熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:TiC增强AlCoCrFeNi基熔覆层主要由BCC相和TiC相组成。随着TiC添加量的增加,TiC相的相对含量逐渐提高而BCC相含量逐渐下降。熔覆层的显微组织由等轴晶基体和第二相组成,基体晶粒尺寸随着TiC含量的增加而逐渐减小。随着TiC含量的增加,由于弥散强化效应熔覆层的显微硬度逐渐提高,而抗磨损性能先提高后降低。过量TiC导致第二相团聚和组织缺陷的产生,从而导致熔覆层的致密性降低,抗磨损性能下降。熔覆层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损。熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能随着TiC含量的增加先提高后逐渐降低,这是由于少量TiC溶解产生的Ti能够提高熔覆层的钝化膜形成能力,而过量的TiC会增强电偶腐蚀效应。

CeO_(2)添加量对激光熔覆TiB_(2)-TiC/Ni复合涂层组织和性能的影响

利用激光熔覆技术在TC4钛合金表面制备了添加质量分数1.0%,1.5%,2.0%CeO_(2)的TiB_(2)-TiC/Ni复合涂层,研究了复合涂层的物相组成、显微组织和硬度,讨论了搭接率(30%,40%,50%)对最佳CeO_(2)含量条件下复合涂层试样摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:复合涂层均由TiB_(2)、TiB、α-Ti、TiC、Ni_(3)Ti、Cr_(23)C_(6)、Ti_(2)Ni、Cr_(3)C_(2)、γ-Ni等相组成;添加质量分数1.5%CeO_(2)复合涂层的组织最为均匀致密,细化效果明显;随着CeO_(2)添加量的增加,复合涂层的硬度先增后降,添加质量分数1.5%CeO_(2)复合涂层的硬度最高,约为1 015 HV。CeO_(2)的最佳添加质量分数为1.5%,在此条件下随着搭接率的增加,试样的磨损质量损失先减小后增大,当搭接率为40%时,磨损质量损失最小,磨损机理为磨粒磨损。

CeO_(2)含量对激光熔覆Ni45A+TiC复合涂层组织和性能的影响

目的提高模切刀具刃口层硬度和耐磨性,使刃口层内部组织无缺陷。方法以Ni45A-TiC-CeO_(2)为熔覆材料,采用激光熔覆技术在AISI 1045钢表面制备不同含量稀土氧化物复合涂层。通过测试,分别研究不同含量CeO_(2)(质量分数0%~5%)对熔覆层物相组成、显微组织、显微硬度和耐磨性能的影响规律。结果添加CeO_(2)后,熔覆层的物相主要包括TiC、Ni_(3)Fe、Cr_(7)C_(3)、Cr_(23)C_(6)等,少量CeO_(2)的加入未改变熔覆层内主要相的生成,在CeO_(2)的质量分数为5%的条件下,在熔覆层中观测到Ce_(2)O_(3)相。当CeO_(2)的质量分数为2%时,Ni45A-TiC-CeO_(2)复合涂层表面无渣、无裂纹、润湿角较小、宏观形貌最好,从表面到与基体结合处涂层的显微组织无枝晶,组织得到明显细化,TiC形貌细化,且分布较均匀;平均显微硬度最高,为1388.6HV,是未添加CeO_(2)刃口层的1.151倍;平均摩擦因数和平均磨损体积最小,平均磨损体积为0.259×10^(-3)mm^(3),相较于未添加CeO_(2)的熔覆层,降低了47.358%,涂层的耐磨性能最好。结论添加适量CeO_(2)有助于改善涂层的宏观形貌,细化微观组织,提高涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性能。

激光熔覆WC-Ni/TiC涂层的组织和摩擦磨损性能研究

采用7kW横流CO2激光器，在H13钢表面激光熔覆制备了WC-Ni/TiC涂层。测量了熔覆层的显微硬度，用扫描电镜（SEM）观测熔覆层的显微结构以及磨损形貌并进行分析，对涂层的摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明：纳米TiC通过弥散强化和细晶强化，提高了涂层的硬度和韧性，TiC含量为30%（质量分数）时涂层的平均硬度为HV1500。涂层耐磨性能是基体的8-15倍。

TiC/Fe-Al复合涂层反应火焰喷涂研究

以廉价的钛铁粉、铁粉、铝粉和胶体石墨为原料 ,采用反应火焰喷涂技术原位合成并沉积了TiC/Fe Al涂层 ,PVA制粒条件下涂层相组成主要为TiC +Al+Fe Al。研究结果表明 :制粒方式是影响反应程度和涂层相组成的关键因素 ,PVA制粒比普通机械混合更有利于喷涂过程中反应的进行 ;反应火焰喷涂过程中有一定量的碳被氧化 。