Shape-controlled synthesis of novel precursor for fibrous Ni-Co alloy powders

A novel precursor of nickel-cobalt alloy powders with an appropriate Ni to Co molar ratio was prepared under selectively synthetic conditions. The composition and morphology of the precursor were characterized by X-ray diffractometry （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry （FT-IR） and energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS）. The effects of pH value, reaction temperature, metal ion concentrations and surfactant on the morphology and the dispersion of precursor were investigated. The results show that the morphology of precursor depends on ammonia content in the precursor. A fibriform precursor is a complicated ammonia-containing nickel-cobalt oxalate. The uniform shape-controlled fibrous precursor is obtained under the following optimum conditions： ammonia as complex agent as well as pH adjustor, oxalate as coprecipitator, 50-65 °C of reaction temperature, 0.5-0.8 mol/L of total concentration of Ni2＋ and Co2＋, PVP as dispersant, and pH 8.0-8.4.

Encapsulated Ni-Co alloy nanoparticles as efficient catalyst for hydrodeoxygenation of biomass derivatives in water

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)is one of the most promising strategies to transform oxygen-rich biomass derivatives into high value-added chemicals and fuels,but highly challenging due to the lack of highly efficient nonprecious metal catalysts.Herein,we report for the first time of a facile synthetic approach to controllably fabricate well-defined Ni-Co alloy NPs confined on the tip of N-CNTs as HDO catalyst.The resultant Ni-Co alloy catalyst possesses outstanding HDO performance towards biomass-derived vanillin into 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol in water with 100%conversion efficiency and selectivity under mild reaction conditions,surpassing the reported high performance nonprecious HDO catalysts.Impressively,our experimental results also unveil that the Ni-Co alloy catalyst can be generically applied to catalyze HDO of vanillin derivatives and other aromatic aldehydes in water with 100%conversion efficiency and over 90%selectivity.Importantly,our DFT calculations and experimental results confirm that the achieved outstanding HDO catalytic performance is due to the greatly promoted selective adsorption and activation of C=O,and desorption of the activated hydrogen species by the synergism of the alloyed Ni-Co NPs.The findings of this work affords a new strategy to design and develop efficient transition metal-based catalysts for HDO reactions in water.

Surface Tension of Molten Ni and Ni-Co Alloys

Surface tension of molten Ni and Ni-Co (5 and 10 mass fraction) alloys was measured at the temperature range of 1773-1873 K using an improved sessile drop method with an alumina substrate in an Ar+3%H2 atmosphere. The error of the data obtained was analyzed. The surface tension of molten Ni and Ni-Co (5 and 10 mass fraction) alloys decreases with increasing temperature. The influence of Co on the surface tension of Ni-Co alloys is little in the studied Co concentration range.

Effect of Rare Earth on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Pulse Reversal Current Electrodeposition Ni-Co Alloy Coatings

The effect of adding RE to plating bath on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Ni-Co alloy coatings prepared by pulse reversal current electrodeposition was studied by means of SEM/EDS, electrochemical analysis and corrosion mass loss etc. The results show that adding proper RE to plating solution can promote the microstructure of coatings compacter, the surface smoother and the crystal finer, and improve the corrosion resistance. The coatings exhibite the highest corrosion resistance when the concentration of RE reaches 0.25 g·L -1. The reason of increasing corrosion resistance by adding RE was also investigated.

Thermodynamic analysis on synthesis of fibrous Ni-Co alloys precursor and Ni/Co ratio control

According to the principles of simultaneous equilibrium and mass equilibrium, a series of thermodynamic equilibrium equations in Ni（II）-Co（II）-C2O4^2--NH3-NH4^＋-H2O system at ambient temperature were deduced. The diagrams of logarithm ion concentrations versus pH values at different solution compositions were drawn. The results show that Ni^2＋ and Co^2＋ can completely precipitate at pH less than 5.0 and the predefined Ni/Co ratios can be well kept in the precursor. The precursor morphology is granular aggregation. However, rod aggregation precursor is obtained in the pH range of 5.0-8.0, and fibre-shape precursor is got at pH value higher than 8.0. The Ni/Co ratios in the above two precursors are not reproduced as that in the feed due to the formhtion of multi-coordinated Ni（NH3）n^2＋ and Co（NH3）n^2＋ （n=1-6）. Modification of precipitation medium is favorable for the precursors to keep the predefined Ni/Co ratios of the feed in the pH range of 2.0-8.6. Meanwhile, the precursors with fibrous morphology can be obtained.

Strain rate sensitivity and activation volume of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni and Ni-Co alloys

Tensile deformation behaviors of the electrodeposited 40 nm grain sized Ni,25 nm Ni-1.7 wt.%Co,and 13 nm Ni-8.6 wt.%Co alloys at various strain rates and room temperature were reviewed with emphasis on strain rate sensitivity and activation volume,respectively.It is found that the strain rate sensitivity and activation volume were strongly grain size dependent.An analytic model based on the bow out of a single dislocation well predicted the relationship between the strain rate sensitivity and the activation volumes for these nanocrystaline metals.

Influence of Ni^(2+)/Co^(2+)ratio in electrolyte on morphology,structure and magnetic properties of electrolytically produced Ni-Co alloy powders

Nickel-cobalt(Ni-Co) alloy powders were produced galvanostatically by using sulphate electrolytes with various ratios of Ni2+/Co2+(mole ratios). The morphology, phase structure, chemical composition and magnetic properties were examined by scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffractometer(XRD), atomic emission spectrometer(AES), and SQUID-based magnetometer, respectively. Morphology of the particles changed from cauliflower-like and dendritic to coral-like and spongy-like ones with increasing Ni2+/Co2+ ratio from 0.25 to 4.0. XRD analysis of the Ni-Co powders revealed that the decrease of Ni2+/Co2+ ratios(the increase of Co content) caused a change of structure from face centered cubic(FCC) obtained for the ratios of 4.0, 1.5 and 0.67 to a mixture of FCC and hexagonal closed-packed(HCP) phases for the ratio of 0.25. The increasing content of nickel led to change of mechanism of electrolysis from irregular(up to 40 wt.% Ni in the electrolytes) to close to equilibrium(between 40 and 60 wt.% Ni in the electrolytes) and anomalous co-deposition(over 60 wt.% Ni in the electrolytes) type. All of the obtained Ni-Co alloy samples behaved as soft magnetic materials while their magnetic parameters showed immediate composition dependence since both coercivity and saturation magnetization almost linearly increased with increase of the Co content.

Development of black Ni-Co alloy films from modified Watts electrolyte and its morphology and structural characteristics

The electrodeposition of black Ni-Co alloy film from Watts nickel solution and the effects of benzotriaozole and imidazole as the additives were studied. The electrolyte consists of NiSO4, NiC12, H3BO3, COSO4 and KNO3. The cathode current efficiency and the throwing power of the solution and the film adhesion to the mild steel metallic foil were determined by standard methods. The crystal structure, lattice parameter, crystal orientation and crystal size were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Moreover, the surface morphology and elemental composition of the black Ni-Co alloy films were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） techniques. The darkness of the black films increases with increasing the incorporation of Co ion into the films. The XRD studies reveal that the black Ni-Co alloy films exhibit Ni （11 l） as the preferred orientation.

Possibility of Using Ni-Co Alloy As Catalyst for Oxygen Electrode of Fuel Cell

In recent years, the scale of use of fuel cells （FCs） has been increasing continuously. One of the essential elements that affect their work is a catalyst. Precious metals （mainly platinum） are known for their high efficiency as FC catalysts. However, their high cost holds back the FCs from application on a large scale. Therefore, catalysts that do not contain precious metals are sought. Studies are focused mainly on the search for fuel electrode catalysts, but for the efficiency of FCs also the oxygen electrode catalyst is of great significance. The paper presents an analysis of the possibilitiesof using Ni-Co alloy as a catalyst for the oxygen electrode of the FC.

Numerical simulation on directional solidification of Al-Ni-Co alloy based on FEM

The ratio, of the temperature gradient at the solidification front to the solidification rate of solid-liquid interface, plays a large part in columnar grain growth. The transient temperature fields of directional solidification of Al-Ni-Co alloy were studied by employing a finite element method. The temperature gradient at the solidification front and the solidification rate were analyzed for molten steels pouring at different temperatures. The results show that with different initial pouring temperatures, the individual ratio of the temperature gradient at solidification front to the solidification rate soars up in the initial stage of solidification, then varies within 2,000-6,000 ℃.s.cm2, and finally goes down rapidly and even tend to be closed to each other when the solidification thickness reaches 5-6 cm. The simulation result is consistent with the practical production which can provide an available reference for process optimization of directional solidified Al-Ni-Co alloy.

Effect of Co content on electrodeposition mechanism and mechanical properties of electrodeposited Ni-Co alloy

Ni–Co coatings with various cobalt contents were electrodeposited from modified Watts bath. The effect of cobalt content on electrodeposition mechanism of the coatings was studied by electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy method （EIS）. Surface morphology and crystallographic structure of the coatings were investigated by means of SEM and XRD. Mechanical properties of the coatings were determined using Vickers microhardness and tensile tests. It was found that with increasing the Co2＋ions in electroplating bath, the charge transfer resistance （Rct）of Ni-Co film increased whereas the Warburg impedence decreased. This may be due to enhancement in coverage of cathode surface by Co（OH）2 and higher diffusion rate of metal ions towards cathode surface, respectively. Also, with increasing the cobalt content in the bath, cobalt content in the alloy coating increased anomalously and （111） texture consolidated gradually. With increasing the cobalt content up to 45% in alloy coating, the grain size decreased and consequently, hardness and strength of the alloy increased. Further enhancement of cobalt content up to 55% led to a little decrease in hardness and strength. The maximum ductility was observed for Ni-25%Co coating due to relatively small grain size and compact structure.

Preparation of Ni-Co Alloy Foils by Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition of Ni-Co alloy foils on titanium substrate was performed in an acid chloride- sulphate bath. The influences of electrodeposition parameters such as current density, temperature, pH value, cobalt sulphate and saccharin concentration on composition and current efficiency were investigated in detail. The morphology and the microstructure of deposits were analyzed by SEM and XRD, respectively. The results indicated that the optimum parameters were current density 3-4 A/dm2, pH 2-3, temperature 40-50?C, cobalt sulphate 20 g/l and saccharin 2-3 g/l. Chemical analysis of the deposits by EDS revealed anomalous Ni-Co codeposition occured in this system. The SEM showed that hydroxide particles were not present on the surface and that fine-grain, smooth and compact Ni-Co alloy deposits were obtained. The crystallographic structures of Ni-Co alloy foils were the fcc Ni solid solution. The Ni-Co alloy foils with Co content 17.3-37.2 wt% and thickness of 20-45 μm were bright with low residual stress and super toughness.

Measurement and analyses of molten Ni-Co alloy density

With the advent of powerful mathematical modeling techniques for material phenomena,there is renewed interest in reliable data for the density of the Ni-based superalloys.Up to now,there has been few report on the density of molten Ni-Co alloy.In order to obtain more accurate density data for molten Ni-Co alloy,the density of molten Ni-Co alloy was measured with a modified sessile drop method,and the accommodation of different atoms in molten Ni-Co alloy was analyzed.The density of alloy is found to decrease with increasing temperature and Co concentration in the alloy.The molar volume of molten Ni-Co alloy increases with increasing Co concentration.The molar volume of Ni-Co alloy determined shows a positive deviation from the linear molar volume,and the deviation of molar volume from ideal mixing increases with increasing Co concentration over the experimental concentration range.

Sweep potential deposition of Tm-Ni-Co alloy films in dimethylsulfoxide

The Tm-Ni-Co alloy films have been prepared by the sweep potential deposition technique. The surface appear-ance of Tm-Ni-Co alloy films was silver smooth and adhesive. The surfaces of Tm-Ni-Co alloy films observed by scanningelectron microscope (SEM) were uniform, adhesive and compact. The sizes of metallic grains were about 80-100nm,100-200nm, 50-60nm, and 90-120nm at 1mV·s^(-1), 5mV·s^(-1), 10mV·s^(-1) and 50mV·s^(-1), respectively. The Tm-Ni-Co alloy film wasamorphous as proven by the X-ray diffraction(XRD).

辽-吉古元古代造山带杉松岗钴镍铜矿床Ni-Co超常富集成矿过程初探

镍和钴是我国紧缺关键金属矿产,对国民经济和社会发展具有重要战略意义。我国现有镍、钴资源储量匮乏,对外依存度极高。因此,立足国内,加强镍-钴成矿规律研究与找矿战略行动迫在眉睫。吉林省临江市杉松岗变沉积岩容矿型钴镍铜矿床位于辽-吉古元古代造山带东北段。有关该矿床Ni-Co的赋存状态、富集成矿期次与成矿规律等研究十分薄弱。本文通过对杉松岗钴镍铜矿床Ni-Co矿石和赋矿围岩开展显微结构观察、扫描电镜-能谱分析、矿物原位硫同位素分析和电子探针测试等系统研究,发现该矿床Ni-Co的富集成矿经历了多期多阶段复杂的变质变形和热液作用的叠加改造过程。其中,变质变形阶段以辉砷钴矿和黄铜矿等呈微细粒包体赋存于变质矿物中为特点;而热液阶段又可分为早期和晚期。早期热液作用以大量镍钴矿物(辉砷钴矿、硫镍矿和镍黄铁矿)伴生滑石化、白云石化和硅化蚀变为标志,为Ni-Co超常富集成矿的主成矿期,其硫化物的硫同位素分布范围集中(10.92‰~13.67‰),且与珍珠门组白云石大理岩内硫化物的δ^(34) S值接近,推断Ni、Co主要来自深部岩浆热液,即含矿流体向上迁移过程中强烈淋滤并萃取珍珠门组地层内的硫,最终在大栗子组地层发生硫化物沉淀并富集成矿。晚期热液作用主要沉淀铜铁硫化物(黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿)和极少量钴镍黄铁矿、硫镍钴矿和镍黄铁矿,伴生方解石化、硅化和绿泥石化蚀变,硫化物的δ^(34) S值(6.53‰~8.59‰)与侏罗纪花岗岩体及同期的金等多金属硫化物矿床的硫同位素组成一致,表明晚期岩浆热液可能与古太平洋俯冲事件有关。杉松岗钴镍铜矿床Ni主要以硫镍矿和镍黄铁矿的形式赋存,次为钴镍黄铁矿和硫镍钴矿。Co主要以辉砷钴矿形式赋存,次为硫镍矿、镍黄铁矿、钴镍黄铁矿和硫镍钴矿。有关该矿未来Ni-Co找矿勘查设想,建议以滑石化和白云石化为主要找矿标志。结合前人研究成果,本文提出杉松岗钴镍铜矿床为沉积-变质变形-多期热液叠加改造的复合造山型钴镍铜矿床,原始的沉积和成岩作用为钴矿的初始预富集提供了重要的成矿条件与背景,古元古代碰撞造山与区域变质变形事件对Co的初始活化-迁移起着关键的控制作用,富Ni-Co的深部岩浆热液作用主导了Ni-Co的超常富集与成矿;而燕山期中酸性岩浆热液作用对Ni-Co富集矿段起到了肢解作用,故不利于Ni-Co的富集成矿。

挤压Mg-Y-Ni-Co合金的显微组织、加工性能及塑性变形行为

本工作通过光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和万能实验机对挤压Mg-2Y-0.5Ni-0.5Co(%,原子分数)合金的显微组织、加工性能和塑性变形行为进行了研究。挤压合金的显微组织主要由α-Mg、沿挤压方向分布的片层状和细小块状18R-LPSO相、MgY(Co,Ni)_(4)相以及晶粒内细条纹状的14H-LPSO相组成。拉伸测试结果显示,挤压合金具有良好的室温塑性,断裂延伸率均高于15%。随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低,合金的拉伸强度降低,而塑性增强。合金在300℃、1×10^(-3)s^(-1)和1×10^(-4)s^(-1)应变速率下断裂延伸率分别为117.87%和143.9%,具有准超塑性。通过构建的热加工图谱,优化出合金的稳定加工区间为温度275~300℃、应变速率10^(-4)~10^(-3)s^(-1)。挤压合金的变形行为随温度和应变速率的变化而改变,在低温(室温(RT)到200℃)和不同应变速率下,合金的变形机制以位错滑移为主;在高温(300℃)和低应变速率(1×10^(-4)s^(-1)和1×10^(-3)s^(-1))下,合金的变形机制为晶界滑移协调的位错滑移。

Characterizations on the instantaneously formed Ni-containing intermetallics in magnesium alloys

Instantaneous reactions of Al,Mn,Zn,Zr and Y with Ni by mixing the prepared Mg-8Al-0.4Mn,Mg-6Zn-2Y-0.5Zr and Mg-0.6Ni melts were investigated in this work to reveal the underlying mechanisms of their effects on the removal of Ni impurity.The results indicate three Ni-containing intermetallics,namely Al_(4)NiY,Al_(4)Ni(Y,Zr)and Al_(31)Ni_(2)Mn_(6).The former two phases present lath-like and have a relatively larger size(>20μm in length)than the latest one which is granular with the diameter of∼120 nm.This illustrates that Al and Y(/Zr)can efficiently remove Ni by forming Al_(4)NiY or Al_(4)Ni(Y,Zr)which would precipitate to the bottom of the melt.Furthermore,adding Y into Mg-Al based alloys can simultaneously remove Fe and Ni,which contributes their excellent corrosion resistance.Finally,this paper proposes two methods helped to efficiently remove Ni for both Mg-Al based alloys and Al-free Mg alloys,and both of them are also benefit to improve alloys’strength.

Relationship between the unique microstructures and behaviors of high-entropy alloys

High-entropy alloys(HEAs),which were introduced as a pioneering concept in 2004,have captured the keen interest of nu-merous researchers.Entropy,in this context,can be perceived as representing disorder and randomness.By contrast,elemental composi-tions within alloy systems occupy specific structural sites in space,a concept referred to as structure.In accordance with Shannon entropy,structure is analogous to information.Generally,the arrangement of atoms within a material,termed its structure,plays a pivotal role in dictating its properties.In addition to expanding the array of options for alloy composites,HEAs afford ample opportunities for diverse structural designs.The profound influence of distinct structural features on the exceptional behaviors of alloys is underscored by numer-ous examples.These features include remarkably high fracture strength with excellent ductility,antiballistic capability,exceptional radi-ation resistance,and corrosion resistance.In this paper,we delve into various unique material structures and properties while elucidating the intricate relationship between structure and performance.

Ni-Co过渡金属化合物在超级电容器中的研究进展

Ni-Co过渡金属化合物相对于二元过渡金属氧化物具有更高的导电率和电化学反应活性位点,作为电极材料展现出了良好的速率性能和循环稳定性。Ni-Co过渡金属氧化物具有较大的比电容,但导电率较低,速率性能较差,所以在Ni-Co过渡金属的基础上掺杂S元素或碳材料,有利于增加电化学反应位点和氧化还原反应,从而提高复合材料的导电性、稳定性。本文以Ni-Co过渡金属为主,对其三元氧化物、三元硫化物、三元氧化物与碳材料复合改性研究进行了综述,并对未来Ni-Co过渡金属发展进行了展望。

Microstructure and damping properties of LPSO phase dominant Mg-Ni-Y and Mg-Zn-Ni-Y alloys

This work studied the microstructure,mechanical properties and damping properties of Mg_(95.34)Ni_(2)Y_(2.66) and Mg_(95.34)Zn_(1)Ni_(1)Y_(2.66)alloys systematically.The difference in the evolution of the long-period stacked ordered(LPSO)phase in the two alloys during heat treatment was the focus.The morphology of the as-cast Mg_(95.34)Ni_(2)Y_(2.66)presented a disordered network.After heat treatment at 773 K for 2 hours,the eutectic phase was integrated into the matrix,and the LPSO phase maintained the 18R structure.As Zn partially replaced Ni,the crystal grains became rounded in the cast alloy,and lamellar LPSO phases and more solid solution atoms were contained in the matrix after heat treatment of the Mg_(95.34)Zn_(1)Ni_(1)Y_(2.66)alloy.Both Zn and the heat treatment had a significant effect on damping.Obvious dislocation internal friction peaks and grain boundary internal friction peaks were found after temperature-dependent damping of the Mg_(95.34)Ni_(2)Y_(2.66)and Mg_(95.34)Zn_(1)Ni_(1)Y_(2.66)alloys.After heat treatment,the dislocation peak was significantly increased,especially in the alloy Mg_(95.34)Ni_(2)Y_(2).66.The annealed Mg_(95.34)Ni_(2)Y_(2.66)alloy with a rod-shaped LPSO phase exhibited a good damping performance of 0.14 atε=10^(−3),which was due to the difference between the second phase and solid solution atom content.These factors also affected the dynamic modulus of the alloy.The results of this study will help in further development of high-damping magnesium alloys.