Graphene-loaded nickel−vanadium bimetal oxides as hydrogen pumps to boost solid-state hydrogen storage kinetic performance of magnesium hydride

To modify the thermodynamics and kinetic performance of magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))for solid-state hydrogen storage,Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)-rGO(rGO represents reduced graphene oxide)and Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)nanocomposites were prepared by hydrothermal and subsequent heat treatment.The beginning hydrogen desorption temperature of 7 wt.%Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)-rGO modified MgH_(2)was reduced to 208°C,while the additive-free MgH_(2)and 7 wt.%Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)doped MgH_(2)appeared to discharge hydrogen at 340 and 226°C,respectively.A charging capacity of about 4.7 wt.%H_(2)for MgH_(2)+7 wt.%Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)-rGO was achieved at 125°C in 10 min,while the dehydrogenated MgH_(2)took 60 min to absorb only 4.6 wt.%H_(2)at 215°C.The microstructure analysis confirmed that the in-situ generated Mg_(2)Ni/Mg_(2)NiH4 and metallic V contributed significantly to the enhanced performance of MgH_(2).In addition,the presence of rGO in the MgH_(2)+7 wt.%Ni_(3)V_(2)O_(8)-rGO composite reduced particle aggregation tendency of Mg/MgH_(2),leading to improving the cyclic stability of MgH_(2)during 20 cycles.

Bimetallic Ni-Co MOF@PAN modified electrospun separator enhances high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with high energy density are considered promising energy storage devices for the next generation.Nevertheless,the shuttle effect and the passive layer between the separator and the electrodes still seriously affect the cycle stability and life.Herein,a bimetallic Ni-Co metal-organic framework(MOF)with adsorption and catalytic synergism for polysulfides was successfully synthesized as an electrospinning separator sandwich for Li-S batteries.Introducing porous Ni-Co MOF coatings into the separator provides more adsorption catalytic sites for polysulfides,prevents their diffusion to the anode,and enhances sulfur utilization.Consequently,the improved Li-S batteries with a Ni-Co MOF@PAN(NCMP)electrospun separator delivered excellent rate performance and outstanding cycle stability,yielding an ultra-high initial capacity of 1560 mA h g^(-1)at 0.1 C.Notably,remarkable Li-S battery performance with a discharge capacity of 794 mA h g^(-1)(84.1%capacity retention)was obtained after500 cycles,while delivering a low capacity decay rate of 0.032%during long-term cycling(up to 500cycles)at 1 C.Surprisingly,even at the current density of 2 C,the capacity attenuation rate of 2000 cycles is only 0.034%per cycle.In addition,compared with the Celgard separator,the NCMP separator also had high thermal stability(keeping the separator outline at 200℃)that ensured battery safety and excellent electrolyte wettability(73%porosity and 535%electrolyte absorption)and significantly enhanced the ionic conductivity and Li^(+) transfer number,and protected the surface integrity of the anode.

Ni-Co bimetallic catalyst for CH_(4) reforming with CO_(2)

A co-precipitation method was employed to prepare Ni/Al_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2),Co/Al_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2)and Ni-Co/Al_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2)catalysts.Their properties were characterized by N_(2) adsorption(BET),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),temperature-programmed reduction(TPR),temperature-programmed desorption(CO_(2)-TPD),and temperature-programmed surface reaction(CH_(4)-TPSR and CO_(2)-TPSR).Ni-Co/Al_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2)bimetallic catalyst has good performance in the reduction of active components Ni,Co and CO_(2)adsorption.Compared with mono-metallic catalyst,bimetallic catalyst could provide more active sites and CO_(2)adsorption sites(C+CO_(2)=2CO)for the methane-reforming reaction,and a more appropriate force formed between active components and composite support(SMSI)for the catalytic reaction.According to the CH_(4)-CO_(2)-TPSR,there were 80.9%and 81.5%higher CH_(4) and CO_(2)conversion over Ni-Co/Al_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2)catalyst,and its better resistance to carbon deposition,less than 0.5%of coke after 4 h reaction,was found by TGA.The high activity and excellent anti-coking of the Ni-Co/Al_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2)catalyst were closely related to the synergy between Ni and Co active metal,the strong metal-support interaction and the use of composite support.

Effect of HEA/Al composite interlayer on microstructure and mechanical property of Ti/Mg bimetal composite by solid-liquid compound casting

In this study,HEA/AI composite interlayer was used to fabricate Ti/Mg bimetal composites by solidliquid compound casting process.The Al layer was prepared on the surface of TC4 alloy by hot dipping,and the FeCoNiCr HEA layer was prepared by magnetron sputtering onto the Al layer.The influence of the HEA layer thickness and pouring temperature on interface evolution was investigated based on SEM observation and thermodynamic analysis.Results indicate that the sluggish diffusion effect of HEA can effectively inhibit the interfacial diffusion between Al and Mg,which is conducive to the formation of solid solution,especially when the thickness of HEA is 800 nm.With the increase of casting temperature from 720 ℃ to 730 ℃,740℃,and 750 ℃,α-Al(Mg),α-Al(Mg)+Al3Mg2,Al3Mg2+Al12Mg17,and Al12Mg17+δ-Mg are formed at the interface of Ti/Mg bimetal,respectively.When the thickness of the HEA layer is 800 nm and the pouring temperature is 720 ℃,the bonding strength of the Ti/Mg bimetal can reach the maximum of 93.6 MPa.

Preparation, interfacial regulation and strengthening of Mg/Al bimetal fabricated by compound casting: A review

Mg/Al bimetal combines the advantages of both aluminum and magnesium and has broad application prospects in automotive, aerospace,weapons, digital products and so on. The compound casting has the characteristics of low cost, easy to achieve metallurgical combination and suitable for the preparation of complex bimetallic parts. However, bimetallic joint strength is low due to differences of physical properties between Al and Mg, oxide film on metallic surface and interfacial Al-Mg IMCs, which is closely related to the interfacial microstructure and properties. Therefore, how to control the interface of the bimetal to achieve performance enhancement is the focus and difficulty in this field. At present, there are mainly the following strengthening methods. First, the “zincate galvanizing” and “electrolytic polishing+anodic oxidation” technology were exert on the surface of Al alloy to remove and break the oxide film, which improved the wettability between Al and Mg. Second, the undesirable Al-Mg IMCs were reduce or elimination by adding the interlayers(Zn, Ni and Ni-Cu). Thirdly, the evolution process of interfacial microstructure was changed and fine strengthening phases were formed by adding Si element to Al alloy or rare earth element to Mg alloy. Fourthly, mechanical vibration and ultrasonic vibration were applied in the process of the filling and solidification to refine and homogenize the interfacial structure. Finally, some other methods, including secondary rolling, thermal modification, heat treatment and constructing exterior 3D morphology, also can be used to regulate the interfacial microstructure and compositions. The above strengthening methods can be used alone or in combination to achieve bimetallic strengthening. Finally, the future development direction of the Mg/Al bimetal is prospected, which provides some new ideas for the development and application of the Mg/Al bimetal.

Effects of mechanical vibration on filling and solidification behavior, microstructure and performance of Al/Mg bimetal by lost foam compound casting

Al/Mg bimetal was prepared by lost foam solid-liquid compound casting,and the effects of mechanical vibration on the filling and solidification behavior,microstructure and performance of the bimetal were investigated.Results show that the mechanical vibration has a remarkable influence on the filling and solidification processes.It is found that after mechanical vibration,the filling rate increases and the filling rate at different times is more uniform than that without vibration.In addition,the mechanical vibration also increases the wettability between liquid AZ91D and A356 inlays.The mechanical vibration reduces the horizontal and vertical temperature gradient of the casting and makes the temperature distribution of the whole casting more uniform.Compared to the Al/Mg bimetal without vibration,the shear strength is improved by 39.76%after the mechanical vibration is applied,due to the decrease of the inclusions and Al_(12)Mg_(17) dendrites,and the refinement and uniform distribution of the Mg_(2)Si particles in the interface of the Al/Mg bimetal.

Effect of melt-to-solid volume ratio and preheating temperature on Mg/Al bimetals interface by centrifugal casting

Compound casting is an efficient method for bonding dissimilar metals,in which a dramatic reaction can occur between the melt and solid.The centrifugal casting process,a type of compound casting,was applied to cast Al/Mg dissimilar bimetals.Magnesium melt was poured at 700 °C,with melt-to-solid volume ratios(Vm/Vs) of 1.5 and 3,into a preheated hollow aluminum cylinder.The preheating temperatures of the solid part were 320,400,and 450 °C,and the constant rotational speed was 1,600 rpm.The cast parts were kept inside the casting machine until reaching the cooling temperature of 150 °C.The result showed that an increase in preheating temperature from 320 to 450 °C led to an enhanced reaction layer thickness.In addition,an increase in the Vm/Vs from 1.5 to 3 resulted in raising the interface thickness from 1.2 to 1.8 mm.Moreover,the interface was not continuously formed when a Vm/Vs of 3 was selected.In this case,the force of contraction overcame the resultant acting force on the interface.An interface formed at the volume ratio of 1.5 was examined using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),and the results demonstrated the formation of Al_(3)Mg_(2),Al_(12)Mg_(17) and(δ+Al_(12)Mg_(17)) eutectic structures in the interface.

辽-吉古元古代造山带杉松岗钴镍铜矿床Ni-Co超常富集成矿过程初探

镍和钴是我国紧缺关键金属矿产,对国民经济和社会发展具有重要战略意义。我国现有镍、钴资源储量匮乏,对外依存度极高。因此,立足国内,加强镍-钴成矿规律研究与找矿战略行动迫在眉睫。吉林省临江市杉松岗变沉积岩容矿型钴镍铜矿床位于辽-吉古元古代造山带东北段。有关该矿床Ni-Co的赋存状态、富集成矿期次与成矿规律等研究十分薄弱。本文通过对杉松岗钴镍铜矿床Ni-Co矿石和赋矿围岩开展显微结构观察、扫描电镜-能谱分析、矿物原位硫同位素分析和电子探针测试等系统研究,发现该矿床Ni-Co的富集成矿经历了多期多阶段复杂的变质变形和热液作用的叠加改造过程。其中,变质变形阶段以辉砷钴矿和黄铜矿等呈微细粒包体赋存于变质矿物中为特点;而热液阶段又可分为早期和晚期。早期热液作用以大量镍钴矿物(辉砷钴矿、硫镍矿和镍黄铁矿)伴生滑石化、白云石化和硅化蚀变为标志,为Ni-Co超常富集成矿的主成矿期,其硫化物的硫同位素分布范围集中(10.92‰~13.67‰),且与珍珠门组白云石大理岩内硫化物的δ^(34) S值接近,推断Ni、Co主要来自深部岩浆热液,即含矿流体向上迁移过程中强烈淋滤并萃取珍珠门组地层内的硫,最终在大栗子组地层发生硫化物沉淀并富集成矿。晚期热液作用主要沉淀铜铁硫化物(黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铁矿)和极少量钴镍黄铁矿、硫镍钴矿和镍黄铁矿,伴生方解石化、硅化和绿泥石化蚀变,硫化物的δ^(34) S值(6.53‰~8.59‰)与侏罗纪花岗岩体及同期的金等多金属硫化物矿床的硫同位素组成一致,表明晚期岩浆热液可能与古太平洋俯冲事件有关。杉松岗钴镍铜矿床Ni主要以硫镍矿和镍黄铁矿的形式赋存,次为钴镍黄铁矿和硫镍钴矿。Co主要以辉砷钴矿形式赋存,次为硫镍矿、镍黄铁矿、钴镍黄铁矿和硫镍钴矿。有关该矿未来Ni-Co找矿勘查设想,建议以滑石化和白云石化为主要找矿标志。结合前人研究成果,本文提出杉松岗钴镍铜矿床为沉积-变质变形-多期热液叠加改造的复合造山型钴镍铜矿床,原始的沉积和成岩作用为钴矿的初始预富集提供了重要的成矿条件与背景,古元古代碰撞造山与区域变质变形事件对Co的初始活化-迁移起着关键的控制作用,富Ni-Co的深部岩浆热液作用主导了Ni-Co的超常富集与成矿;而燕山期中酸性岩浆热液作用对Ni-Co富集矿段起到了肢解作用,故不利于Ni-Co的富集成矿。

Selective hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol with tannic acid-based porous carbon sphere supported Ni-Ru bimetallic catalysts

Ni-Ru bimetallic porous carbon sphere(Ni-Ru@PCS) catalysts were synthesized via formaldehyde-assisted, metal-coordinated crosslinking sol-gel chemistry, in which biomass-derived tannic acid and F127 surfactant were used as carbon precursor and soft template, respectively, and Ni2+and Ru3+were used as cross-linkers. In the developed method, Ni-Ru particles became uniformly dispersed in the carbon skeleton due to strong coordination bonds between metal ions(Ni2+and Ru^(3+)) and tannic acid molecules and bimetal interactions. The as-synthesized Ni-Ru10:1@PCS catalyst with a loading Ni:Ru mole ratio of 10:1 was applied for the selective hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol, and provided 99% glucose conversion with a sorbitol selectivity of 100% at 140℃ in 150 min reaction time and exhibited good stability and recyclability in which sorbitol yield remained at 98% after 4 cycles with little or no metal agglomeration. The catalyst was applied to glucose solutions as high as 20 wt% with 97% sorbitol yields being obtained at 140℃ in 20 h. The developed bimetallic porous carbon sphere catalysts take advantage of sustainably-derived materials in their structure and are applicable to related biomass conversion reactions.

Al_(2)O_(3)浓度对柔性摩擦辅助电镀Ni-Co复合镀层性能的影响

利用柔性摩擦辅助电沉积在炮钢表面制备n-Al_(2)O_(3)/Ni-Co复合镀层,研究镀液中Al_(2)O_(3)浓度对Ni-Co复合镀层的组织结构和性能影响。结果表明,当Al_(2)O_(3)为5 g·L^(-1)时,镀层平均晶粒尺寸最小(9.6 nm),显微硬度最大(573.28 HV);腐蚀电化学研究表明,此时镀层自腐蚀电位正移至-0.304 V,自腐蚀电流较小(1.313μA·cm^(-2)),耐腐蚀性较好。

Effect of immersion Ni plating on interface microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu bimetal

A nickel-based coating was deposited on the pure Al substrate by immersion plating,and the Al/Cu bimetals were prepared by diffusion bonding in the temperature range of 450-550 ℃.The interce microstructure and fracture surface of Al/Cu joints were studied by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and X-ray diffraction（XRD）.The mechanical properties of the Al/Cu bimetals were measured by tensile shear and microhardness tests.The results show that the Ni interiayer can effectively eliminate the formation of Al-Cu intermetallic compounds.The Al/Ni interface consists of the Al3Ni and Al3Ni2 phases,while it is Ni-Cu solid solution at the Ni/Cu interce.The tensile shear strength of the joints is improved by the addition of Ni interiayer.The joint with Ni interiayer annealed at 500 ℃ exhibits a maximum value of tensile shear strength of 34.7 MPa.

Effect of homogenization annealing on microstructure, composition and mechanical properties of 7050/6009 bimetal slab

Homogenization annealing of the 7050/6009 bimetal slab prepared by direct-chill casting was investigated and its effects on microstructural evolution, composition distribution and mechanical properties in the interfacial region of the bimetal were studied. The results show that the optimized homogenization annealing process was 460℃for 24 h. After homogenization annealing, the Zn-rich phases and Al15（FeMn）3Si2phases were precipitated at the interface of the bimetal. The diffusion layer thickness of homogenized bimetal increased by 30 μm from 440 to480℃for 24 h, while it increased by 280 μm from 12 to 36 h at 460℃. The Vickers hardnessesat 6009 alloy side and interface of the bimetal decreased after homogenized annealing and grain coarsening was considered asthedominating softening mechanism.The hardness variation at 7050 alloy side was complicated due to the combined action of solution strengthening, dispersion strengthening and dissolution of reinforced phases.

Microstructure and properties of Al/Cu bimetal in liquid-solid compound casting process

A Ni-P coating was deposited on Cu substrate by electroless plating and the Al/Cu bimetal was produced by solid？liquid compound casting technology. The microstructure, mechanical properties and conductivity of Al/Cu joints with different process parameters （bonding temperature and preheating time） were investigated. The results showed that intermetallics formed at the interface and the thickness and variety increased with the increase of bonding temperature and preheating time. The Ni？P interlayer functioned as a diffusion barrier and protective film which effectively reduced the formation of intermetallics. The shear strength and conductivity of Al/Cu bimetal were reduced by increasing the thickness of intermetallics. In particular, the detrimental effect of Al2Cu phase was more obvious compared with the others. The sample preheated at 780 ℃ for 150 s exhibited the maximum shear strength and conductivity of 49.8 MPa and 5.29×10^5 S/cm, respectively.

Pt-Re/rGO bimetallic catalyst for highly selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamylalcohol

In the present work, a series of Pt-based catalysts, alloyed with a second metal, i.e., Re, Sn, Er, La, and Y, and supported on activated carbon, ordered mesoporous carbon, N-doped mesoporous carbon or reduced graphene oxide(rGO), have been developed for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamylalcohol. Re and rGO were proved to be the most favorable metal dopant and catalyst support, respectively. Pt_(50) Re_(50)/rGO showed the highest cinnamylalcohol selectivity of 89% with 94% conversion of cinnamaldehyde at the reaction conditions of 120 °C, 2.0 MPaH_2 and 4 h.

Characteristics evolution of 6009/7050 bimetal slab prepared by direct-chill casting process

6009/7050 alloy bimetal slab was prepared by a direct-chill (DC) casting process. Homogenizing annealing, hot rolling and T6 treatment were successively performed and their effects on microstructure and properties of the slab were studied. The results reveal that the average diffusion layer thickness of as-cast slab, determined by interdiffusion of elements Zn, Cu, Mg and Si, was about 400 μm. Excellent metallurgical bonding was achieved because all tensile samples fractured on the softer 6009 alloy side after homogenizing annealing. After homogenizing annealing plus rolling, the average diffusion layer thickness decreased to 100 μm, while the network structure of 7050 alloy side transformed to dispersive nubby structure. Furthermore, subsequent T6 treatment resulted in diffusion layer thickness up to 200 μm and an obvious increase of the Vickers hardness for both 7050 and 6009 sides. The layered structure of the as-cast 6009/7050 bimetal is retained after hot rolling and T6 treatment.

Fabrication of plain carbon steel/high chromium white cast iron bimetal by a liquid–solid composite casting process

High-chromium white cast iron （HCWCI） is one of the most widely used engineering materials in the mining and cement industries. However, in some components, such as the pulverizer plates of ash mills, the poor machinability of HCWCI creates difficulties. The bimetal casting technique is a suitable method for improving the machinability of HCWCI by joining an easily machined layer of plain carbon steel （PCS） to its hard part. In this study, the possibility of PCS/HCWCI bimetal casting was investigated using sand casting. The investigation was conducted by optical and electron microscopy and non-destructive, impact toughness, and tensile tests. The hardness and chemical composition profiles on both sides of the interface were plotted in this study. The results indicated that a conventional and low-cost casting technique could be a reliable method for producing PCSYdCWCI bimetal. The interfacial microstructure comprised two distinct lay- ers： a very fine, partially spheroidized pearlite layer and a coarse full pearlite layer. Moreover, characterization of the microstructure revealed that the interface was free of defects.

Study on liquid-liquid bimetal composite casting hammers

Crusher hammers for the mineral processing industry must meet the demands of both high wear resistance at the hammer head and high impact toughness at the hammer handle. The crusher hammers made of Hadfield steel have typical y low service life of less than 40 hours. To solve the problem, a kind of bimetal crusher hammers made of high chromium cast iron （HCCI） and low al oy steel （LAS） has been successful y developed by using liquid-liquid composite casting. The microstructure and composite interface bonding was analyzed using optical microscope, SEM, EDX and XRD. Micrographs indicate that the composite interface is metal urgical y bonded with a zigzag shape across the boundary and without unbound region or void. After heat treatment, the composite hammers have shown excellent properties. The hardness of HCCI is at least 63 HRC and its αk is greater than 3.5 J？cm-2; the hardness of LAS is greater than 35 HRC and its αk is no less than 80 J？cm-2. Diffusion of elements takes place at the interface and forms a transition region. The micro hardness increases from LAS to the interface and then to HCCI. Wear comparison was made separately between the bimetal composite hammer and a Hadfield steel hammer in two quarries of Jilin province and Liaoning province. The results showed that the liquid-liquid bimetal composite hammers did not have the fal ing off of hammer head or impact fracture phenomenon, and their service life was 3.75 times as long as that of the Hadfield steel hammers.

Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from CO_2 and CH_3OH Using 0.4nm Molecular Sieve Supported Cu-Ni Bimetal Catalyst

The 0.4 nm molecular sieve supported Cu-Ni bimetal catalysts for direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO 2 and CH 3 OH were prepared and investigated. The synthesized catalysts were fully characterized by BET, XRD (X-ray diffraction), TPR (temperature programmed reduction), IR (infra-red adsorption), NH 3-TPD (temperature programmed desorption) and CO 2-TPD (temperature programmed desorption) techniques. The results showed that the surface area of catalysts decreased with increasing metal content, and the metals as well as Cu-Ni alloy co-existed on the reduced catalyst surface. There existed interaction between metal and carrier, and moreover, metal particles affected obviously the acidity and basicity of carrier. The large amount of basic sites facilitated the activation of methanol to methoxyl species and their subsequent reaction with activated carbon dioxide. The catalysts were evaluated in a continuous tubular fixed-bed micro-gaseous reactor and the catalyst with bimetal loading of 20% (by mass) had best catalytic activities. Under the conditions of 393 K, 1.1 MPa, 5 h and gas space velocity of 510 h 1 , the selectivity and yield of DMC were higher than 86.0 % and 5.0 %, respectively.

Combustion characteristic and aging behavior of bimetal thermite powders

Nanothermites have been employed as fuel additives in energetic formulations due to their higher energy density over CHNO energetics. Nevertheless, sintering and degradation of nanoparticles significantly limit the practical use of nanothermites. In this work, combustion characteristic and aging behavior of aluminum/iron oxide(Al/Fe2O3) nanothermite mixtures were investigated in the presence of micron-scale nickel aimed to produce bimetal thermite powders. The results showed that the alumina content in the combustion residue increased from 88.3% for Al/Fe2O3 nanothermite to 96.5% for the nanothermite mixture containing 20 wt% nickel. Finer particle sizes of combustion residue were obtained for the nanothermite mixtures containing nickel, indicative of the reduced agglomeration. Both results suggested a more complete combustion in the bimetal thermite powders. Aging behavior of the nanothermite mixture was also assessed by measuring the heat of combustion of the mixture before and after aging process. The reduction in heat of combustion of nanothermite mixtures containing nickel was less severe as compared to a significant decrease for the nanothermite mixture without nickel, indicating better aging resistance of the bimetal thermite powders.

INTERFACE DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIMETAL FORMING

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