Deep eutectic solvent-induced synthesis of Ni-Fe catalyst with excellent mass activity and stability for water oxidation

Ni-Fe bimetallic electrodes are currently recognized as a kind of benchmark transition metal-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts.Facile synthesis of Ni-Fe bimetallic electrode materials with excellent catalytic activity and satisfied stability by a simple and low-cost route is still a big challenge.Herein,well-defined Ni-Fe nanoparticles in-situ developed on a planar Fe substrate(Ni-Fe NPs/Fe)is fabricated via a facile one-step galvanic replacement reaction(GRR)carried out in an Ethaline-based deep eutectic solvent(DES).The prepared Ni-Fe NPs/Fe exhibits outstanding OER performance,which needs an overpotential of only 319 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),with a small Tafel slope of 41.2 mV dec^(-1) in 1.0 mol L^(-1) KOH,high mass activity(up to 319.78 A g^(-1) at an overpotential of 300 mV)and robust durability for 200 h.Impressively,the Ni-Fe bimetallic oxygen-evolution electrode obtained from the Ethaline-based DES is catalytically more active and durable than that of its counterpart derived from the 4.2 mol L^(-1) NaCl aqueous solution.The reason for this is mainly related to the different morphology and surface state of the Ni-Fe catalysts obtained from these different solvent environments,particularly for the differences in phy-chemical properties,active species formed and deposition kinetics,offered by the Ethaline-based DES.

一种新型Ni-Fe基高温合金的微观组织演化与蠕变行为

采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射技术,研究了GH4070P合金在725℃/180 MPa和725℃/150 MPa条件下的蠕变行为,分析了合金在不同条件下蠕变后的微观组织和晶体学特征,揭示了合金蠕变过程中析出相的演变规律及断裂机制。结果表明:在725℃/180 MPa和725℃/150 MPa蠕变条件下,位错通过Orowan机制绕过γ′析出相;725℃/150 MPa蠕变合金由于γ′相的粗化产生位错塞积。蠕变期间,合金晶界应力集中较为明显,产生了蠕变孔洞和微裂纹,最终导致沿晶断裂。

新型Ni-Fe基高温合金焊接性与组织性能研究

文中利用手工TIG焊+FM700-1焊丝,制备了新型Ni-Fe基高温合金HT700对接接头。通过对焊接接头宏观组织及微观形貌的分析,发现焊接微区存在微观组织和力学性能的不均匀性,靠近熔合线的母材晶粒发生了明显粗化,焊缝存在枝晶偏析,热影响区和焊缝的硬度和强度均高于母材的。过大的焊接热输入使得热影响区和焊缝出现了热裂纹。最终得到结论如下:(1)焊缝组织为典型的柱状γ相,组织存在明显的枝晶偏析现象;(2)焊接接头微区力学性能呈现梯度分布的特征,这主要与其微观组织不均匀性有关;(3)打底区的焊接热输入过大,导致该区域的热影响区和焊缝均产生了热裂纹,而填充区的焊接热输入较小,焊缝和热影响区并未见热裂纹产生。

二元金属Ni-Fe磷化物制备和电催化性能研究

使用硫酸镍、硝酸亚铁、次亚磷酸钠和柠檬酸钠在泡沫镍为载体的基底上,采用电沉积方法制备出Ni-Fe磷化物电催化剂,通过SEM测试表征催化剂的结构及形貌,使用EDS能谱仪对样品表面的元素分布,并通过电化学测试催化剂的析氧和析氢及催化活性等参数.结果表明:在10 mA/cm^(2)电流密度下,Ni-Fe磷化物过电位为232 mV,在-10 mA/cm^(2)电流密度下过电位为162 mV;Ni-Fe磷化物的催化活性面积(Cdl)为30.7 mF/cm^(2),相较于Ni磷化物和Fe磷化物的过电位及活性催化面积均有所提升.

High H_(2) selective performance of Ni-Fe-Ca/H-Al catalysts for steam reforming of biomass and plastic

The development of a selective catalyst for the conversion of biomass and plastics into H2by steam reforming can combat the energy crisis and global warming.In this work,support Ni-Fe-Ca/H-Al bifunctional catalysts were prepared by loading Ni and Fe into pretreatment CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)(Ca/H-Al)carriers and showed high catalytic activity for the steam reforming of biomass and plastic.Moreover,the idea of bidirectional degradation was exploited to strengthen the pyrolysis of plastic with a high H/C and biomass with a high O/C.Interestingly,the products presented high H2selective(1302.10 m L/g)and low CO_(2)yield(120.23 m L/g)in 7Ni-5Fe-Ca/H-Al(2:4)catalyst compared with current reports.Here,the abundant oxygen vacancies(Ov)in the H-Al carrier exhibited an electron-deficient nature,providing active sites for anchoring Ni O.Meanwhile,Ni O interacted with Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5)to produce more defective Ovsites,which stabilized the NiO particles in the 7Ni-5Fe-Ca/H-Al(2:4)catalyst,and the interaction between the catalyst and the carrier was enhanced,leading to the reduction of weakly basic sites,this property promoted the strong adsorption of CO_(2)and H2O by the catalyst,contributing to the enhancement of efficient steam conversion and the promotion of conversion of by-products to H2.Notably,7Ni-5Fe-Ca/H-Al(2:4)catalysts maintained structural integrity after regeneration and exhibited excellent regenerability in H2selection and CO_(2)adsorption.The work provides a new idea for the study of efficient H2production from steam reforming of biomass and plastics.

Ni-Fe共掺LiMn_(2)O_(4)正极材料的合成及电化学性能研究

采用固相燃烧法快速合成了LiNi_(0.08)Fe_(x)Mn_(1.92-x)O_(4)(x≤0.08)正极材料,并探究了正极材料样品的结构、形貌、电化学性能及动力学性能。结果表明,Ni-Fe共掺没有改变LiMn_(2)O_(4)的立方尖晶石结构,促进了其晶体发育和{111}、{110}、{100}晶面的择优生长,部分颗粒形成了以高暴露{111}晶面为主和少量{110}、{100}晶面的截断八面体形貌。LiNi_(0.08)Fe_(0.05)Mn_(1.87)O_(4)样品在较低倍率(≤5 C)时,其倍率性能和长循环寿命得到显著提高,在25℃下,1 C的首次放电比容量为106.1 mAh/g, 1 000次循环后容量保持率为82.0%;5 C的首次放电比容量为100.1 mAh/g, 2 000次循环后容量保持率为72.8%。LiNi_(0.08)Fe_(0.05)Mn_(1.87)O_(4)材料的锂离子扩散系数和表观活化能分别为1.75×10^(-15)cm^(2)/s和26.52 kJ/mol,表明其有较好的Li+迁移动力学性能。

光学体表成像设备Catalyst的故障维修案例及日常保养方法

本文介绍了光学体表成像设备Catalyst HD的工作原理,以及处理常见的硬件和软件故障的方法,并提供了日常维护保养方法。其中,对于硬件故障,利用Catalyst HD系统的MutilZsn软件来判断Catalyst投影器和摄像头故障,对于软件故障方面,探讨了Catalyst HD系统在医用直线加速器上常见的Authorization Pending联锁问题的触发原因。本文为科室更好地开展光学体表引导放疗技术,高效地运用好设备提供参考意见。

Bimetallic Ni-Fe catalysts derived from layered double hydroxides for CO methanation from syngas

Carbon deposition and sintering of active components such as nano particles are great challenges for Ni-based catalysts for CO methanation to generate synthetic natural gas from syngas. Facing the challenges, bimetallic catalysts with different Fe content derived from layered double hydroxide containing Ni, Fe, Mg, A1 elements were prepared by co-precipitation method. Nanoparticles of Ni-Fe alloy were supported on mixed oxides of aluminium and magnesium after calcination and reduction. The catalysts were characterized by Brunner- Emmett-Teller （BET）, X-ray diffraction, hydrogen tem- perature programmed reduction, inductively coupled plasma, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric techniques, and their catalytic activity for CO methanation was investigated. The results show that the Ni-Fe alloy catalysts exhibit better catalytic performance than mono- metallic catalysts except for the Ni4Fe-red catalyst. The Ni2Fe-red catalyst shows the highest CO conversion （100% at 260-350 ~C）, as well as the highest CH4 selectivity （over 95% at 280-350 ~C）, owing to the formation of Ni-Fe alloy. In stability test, the Ni2Fe-red catalyst exhibits great improvement in both anti-sintering and resistance to carbon formation compared with the Ni0Fe-red catalyst. The strong interaction between Ni and Fe element in alloy and surface distribution of Fe element not only inhibits the sintering ofnanoparticles but restrains the formation of Ni clusters.

Ni-Fe合金催化剂制备及催化硬脂酸加氢脱氧性能

以油脂为原料通过加氢脱氧方式制备烃基生物柴油的研究具有重要现实意义和广阔应用前景。在烃基生物柴油的制备过程中,为降低油脂加氢脱氧过程中碳原子的损失,制备高活性、高选择性的催化剂至关重要。采用浸渍法制备了一系列Ni-Fe双金属催化剂,并将其应用于催化硬脂酸加氢脱氧反应;采用XRD、TEM、HRTEM、XPS、NH_(3)-TPD、H_(2)-TPR等手段对催化剂进行表征分析,探索了制备条件及金属Fe的加入对Ni基催化剂理化特性及加氢活性的影响,结果表明,在500℃还原、10%Ni金属负载量、Ni/Fe质量比=3∶1条件下制备的催化剂表现出较佳的加氢脱氧性能,Fe的加入与Ni形成了FeNi_(3)合金,Ni和Fe金属的内部相互作用还促进了Ni-Fe团簇的高分散性和形成了较小的粒径尺寸。此外,FeNi_(3)合金的形成还降低了Fe、Ni催化剂的还原温度,提升了Fe、Ni催化剂的中等酸活性和总酸度,这促进了催化剂的加氢脱氧活性。考察了反应温度、初始H_(2)压力、时间和催化剂用量等因素对硬脂酸加氢脱氧反应的影响。得出260℃、3.0 MPa、4 h、0.02 g催化剂用量为最优加氢脱氧反应条件,催化剂在该条件下实现催化硬脂酸加氢脱氧反应100%转化率和较高C_(18)选择性(93.5%)。最后,通过与商业催化剂进行催化性能对比,表明该催化剂在反应活性及C_(18)选择性方面均存在显著优势。这项研究为下一步油脂原料的选择性加氢脱氧提供数据支持及理论指导。

La_2O_2CO_3 supported Ni-Fe catalysts for hydrogen production from steam reforming of ethanol

La2O2CO3 was prepared by calcination of La2 （CO3）3 in the air. Catalysts Ni-Fe/La2O2CO3 with different mole ratios of Ni to Fe, Ni/La2O2CO3 and Fe/La2O2CO3 were prepared by impregnation method. The catalytic properties were evaluated on steam reforming of ethanol （SRE） from 300 to 700 ℃ under atmospheric pressure and the samples were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method （BET）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and temperature programmed reduction （TPR）. The results showed that Ni-Fe bimetallic catalysts exhibited higher activities than single metallic catalysts, which was attributed to the co-existence of well dispersed Ni, Fe and LaFeyNi1-yO3. It was found that the catalyst Ni-Fe/La2O2CO3 containing 10 wt.% Ni and 3 wt.%-5 wt.% Fe showed the best performance, the conversion of ethanol was 100%, the selectivity of H2 was higher than 90%, and the selectivity of CO was lower than 1.5% at 400 ℃.

Catalytic effect in lithium metal batteries: From heterogeneous catalyst to homogenous catalyst

Lithium metal batteries are regarded as prominent contenders to address the pressing needs owing to the high theoretical capacity.Toward the broader implementation,the primary obstacle lies in the intricate multi-electron,multi-step redox reaction associated with sluggish conversion kinetics,subsequently giving rise to a cascade of parasitic issues.In order to smooth reaction kinetics,catalysts are widely introduced to accelerate reaction rate via modulating the energy barrier.Over past decades,a large amount of research has been devoted to the catalyst design and catalytic mechanism exploration,and thus the great progress in electrochemical performance has been realized.Therefore,it is necessary to make a comprehensive review toward key progress in catalyst design and future development pathway.In this review,the basic mechanism of lithium metal batteries is provided along with corresponding advantages and existing challenges detailly described.The main catalysts employed to accelerate cathode reaction with emphasis on their catalytic mechanism are summarized as well.Finally,the rational design and innovative direction toward efficient catalysts are suggested for future application in metal-sulfur/gas battery and beyond.This review is expected to drive and benefit future research on rational catalyst design with multi-parameter synergistic impacts on the activity and stability of next-generation metal battery,thus opening new avenue for sustainable solution to climate change,energy and environmental issues,and the potential industrial economy.

Facile molybdenum and aluminum recovery from spent hydrogenation catalyst

Industrial catalyst waste has emerged as a hazardous pollutant that requires safe and proper disposal after the unloading process.Finding a valuable and sustainable strategy for its treatment is a significant challenge compared to traditional methods.In this study,we present a facile method for the recovery of molybdenum and aluminum contents from spent Mo-Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) hydrogenation catalysts through crystallization separation and coprecipitation.Furthermore,the recovered molybdenum and aluminum are utilized as active metals and carriers for the preparation of new catalysts.Their properties were thoroughly analyzed and investigated using various characterization techniques.The hydrogenation activity of these newly prepared catalysts was evaluated on a fixed-bed small-scale device and compared with a reference catalyst synthesized from commercial raw reagents.Finally,the hydrogenation activity of the catalysts was further assessed by using the entire distillate oil of coal liquefaction as the raw oil,specifically focusing on denitrogenation and aromatic saturation.This work not only offers an effective solution for recycling catalysts but also promotes sustainable development.

网状Ni-Fe合金电催化剂的制备及析氧性能研究

采用电沉积的方法制备出了一种网状结构的Ni-Fe二元合金纳米电催化剂,研究了其表面调控机制和析氧反应性能.通过组分调控发现,Ni_(8)Fe_(2)具有极高的析氧反应活性;对Ni_(8)Fe_(2)的电化学活性进行了研究,当电流密度为10 mA/cm^(2)时,析氧反应的过电位为270 mV,塔菲尔斜率为77 mV/dec,电化学活性表面积高达11.13 cm^(2),表明其活性高;在1.52 V(vs.RHE)电压下,经过36000 s长时间运行依然很稳定,其电流密度还保持在12 mA/cm^(2),表明其稳定性好.

Engineering of geometrical configurations in dual-atom catalysts for electrocatalytic applications

Geometrical configurations play a crucial role in dual-atom catalysts(DACs)for electrocatalytic applications.Significant progress has been made to design DACs electrocatalysts with various geometri-cal configurations,but in-depth understanding the relationship between geometrical configurations and metal-metal interaction mechanisms for designing targeted DACs is still required.In this review,the recent progress in engineering of geometrical configurations of DACs is systematically summarized.Based on the polarity of geometrical configuration,DACs can be classified into two different types that are homonuclear and heteronuclear DACs.Furthermore,with regard to the geometrical configurations of the active sites,homonuclear DACs are identified into adjacent and bridged configurations,and heteronuclear DACs can be classified into adjacent,bridged,and separated configurations.Subsequently,metal-metal interactions in DACs with different geometrical configurations are introduced.Additionally,the applications of DACs in different electrocatalytic reactions are discussed,including the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and other catalysis.Finally,the future challenges and perspectives for advancements in DACs are high-lighted.This review aims to provide inspiration for the design of highly effcient DACs towards energy relatedapplications.

Fullerenes and derivatives as electrocatalysts: Promises and challenges

Carbon-based metal-free nanomaterials are promising alternatives to precious metals as electrocatalysts of key energy storage and conversion technologies.Of paramount significance are the establishment of design principles by understanding the catalytic mechanisms and identifying the active sites.Distinct from sp2-conjugated graphene and carbon nanotube,fullerene possesses unique characteristics that are growingly being discovered and exploited by the electrocatalysis community.For instance,the well-defined atomic and molecular structures,the good electron affinity to tune the electronic structures of other substances,the intermolecular self-assembly into superlattices,and the on-demand chemical modification have endowed fullerene with incomparable advantages as electrocatalysts that are otherwise not applicable to other carbon ma-terials.As increasing studies are being reported on this intriguing topic,it is necessary to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the recent progress.This review takes such an initiative by summarizing the promises and challenges in the electrocatalytic applications of fullerene and its derivatives.The content is structured according to the composition and structure of fullerene,including intact fullerene(e.g.,fullerene composite and superlattices)and fullerene derivatives(e.g.,doped,endohedral,and disintegrated fullerene).The synthesis,characterization,catalytic mechanisms,and deficiencies of these fullerene-based materials are explicitly elaborated.We conclude it by sharing our perspectives on the key aspects that future efforts shall consider.

Towards the insights into the deactivation behavior of acetylene hydrogenation catalyst

A series of model catalysts were obtained by treating commercial fresh and spent catalysts unloaded from the factory with different methods, including green oil dipping, extraction and high-temperature regeneration;finally, the deactivation behavior of the commercial catalyst for acetylene hydrogenation were studied. The influence of various possible deactivation factors on the catalytic performance was elucidated via detailed structural characterization, surface composition analysis, and activity evaluation.The results showed that green oil, carbon deposit and sintering of active metal were the main reasons for deactivation, among which green oil and carbon deposit led to rapid deactivation, while the activity could be recovered after regeneration by high-temperature calcination. The sintering of active metal components was attributed to the high-temperature regeneration in hydrothermal conditions, which was slow but irreversible and accounted for permanent deactivation. Thus, optimizing the regeneration is expected to extend the service life of the commercial catalyst.

Efficient and stable PtFe alloy catalyst for electrocatalytic methanol oxidation with high resistance to CO

Direct methanol fuel cells(DMFC) are widely considered to be an ideal green energy conversion device but their widespread applications are limited by the high price of the Pt-based catalysts and the instability in terms of surface CO toxicity in long-term operation.Herein,the PtFe alloy nanoparticles(NPs) with small particle size(~4.12 nm) supported on carbon black catalysts with different Pt/Fe atomic ratios(Pt_(1)Fe_(2)/C,Pt_(3)Fe_(4)/C,Pt_(1)Fe_(1)/C,and Pt_(2)Fe_(1)/C) are successfully prepared for enhanced anti-CO poisoning during methanol oxidation reaction(MOR).The optimal atomic ratio of Pt/Fe for the MOR is 1:2,and the mass activity of Pt_(1)Fe_(2)/C(5.40 A mg_(Pt)^(-1)) is 13.5 times higher than that of conventional commercial Pt/C(Pt/C-JM)(0.40 A mg_(Pt)^(-1)).The introduction of Fe into the Pt lattice forms the PtFe alloy phase,and the electron density of Pt is reduced after forming the PtFe alloy.In-situ Fourier transform infrared results indicate that the addition of oxyphilic metal Fe has reduced the adsorption of reactant molecules on Pt during the MOR.The doping of Fe atoms helps to desorb toxic intermediates and regenerate Pt active sites,promoting the cleavage of C-O bonds with good selectivity of CO_(2)(58.1%).Moreover,the Pt_(1)Fe_(2)/C catalyst exhibits higher CO tolerance,methanol electrooxidation activity,and long-term stability than other Pt_(x)Fe_(y)/C catalysts.

Preparation of single atom catalysts for high sensitive gas sensing

Single atom catalysts(SACs)have garnered significant attention in the field of catalysis over the past decade due to their exceptional atom utilization efficiency and distinct physical and chemical properties.For the semiconductor-based electrical gas sensor,the core is the catalysis process of target gas molecules on the sensitive materials.In this context,the SACs offer great potential for highly sensitive and selective gas sensing,however,only some of the bubbles come to the surface.To facilitate practical applications,we present a comprehensive review of the preparation strategies for SACs,with a focus on overcoming the challenges of aggregation and low loading.Extensive research efforts have been devoted to investigating the gas sensing mechanism,exploring sensitive materials,optimizing device structures,and refining signal post-processing techniques.Finally,the challenges and future perspectives on the SACs based gas sensing are presented.

Catalyst光学体表监测在左侧乳腺癌ABC-DIBH放射治疗中的应用

目的 探讨在应用主动呼吸控制(Active Breathing Control,ABC)技术的左侧乳腺癌深吸气屏气(Deep Inspiration Breath Hold,DIBH)放疗中,使用光学体表追踪技术监测屏气的有效性和体位的重复性效果,以保证患者在放疗中吸气方式一致和体位不变,提高放射治疗的精确性。方法 选取应用ABC技术放疗的23例左侧乳腺癌患者为研究对象,以Catalyst进行治疗中DIBH体位监测,以分次内锥形束计算机断层扫描(Cone Beam Computed Tomography,CBCT)为参考标准,分别记录二者误差数据,应用Pearson法和Bland-Altman法分别评估两组误差的相关性和两种系统的一致性。将光学体表监测值与CBCT配准误差值之间的差值定义为Catalyst体表监测精度。结果 Catalyst监测在左右(x轴)方向、头脚(y轴)方向和前后(z轴)方向误差分别为(0.08±1.04)、(1.44±2.15)、(0.45±1.69)mm,CBCT配准误差分别为(0.15±1.15)、(1.51±2.28)、(0.44±1.81)mm。x轴方向和z轴方向相关系数r值分别为0.60、0.77,呈强相关;y轴方向r值为0.82,呈极强相关。二者95%CI值在x、y与z轴方向分别为[-2.01,1.86]、[-2.69,2.57]、[-2.32,2.34] mm,Catalyst监测精度在x、y、z轴方向分别为(-0.08±0.99)、(-0.06±1.34)、(0.01±1.19)mm。结论 Catalyst可有效监测使用ABC进行治疗左侧乳腺癌患者的屏气状态,能准确且实时监测患者位置,提高治疗精确度,具有临床应用价值。

Ni-Fe/CaO催化己二腈部分加氢制备6-氨基己腈

与传统工艺相比,丁二烯氢氰化法制备己内酰胺具有绿色、经济、环境友好等特点,其中,己二腈(ADN)部分加氢制备6-氨基己腈(ACN)是该工艺的核心步骤。以尿素为沉淀剂,以Ca O为载体采用沉积沉淀法制备了Ni/Ca O和Ni-Fe/Ca O催化剂,采用TEM、XRD、N_(2)物理吸附-脱附、XPS、H_(2)-TPR对其进行了表征,并将其应用于ADN部分加氢制备ACN,考察了反应温度、反应压力、反应时间对ADN加氢性能的影响。结果表明,Fe掺杂后的催化剂生成了Fe Ni_(3)合金相;Fe掺杂后使金属Ni更加分散。在80℃、4 MPa、Ni-Fe/Ca O催化剂用量为0.10 g的温和条件下反应2 h,ADN转化率为87.5%,ACN选择性为74.4%,失活后的催化剂经过H_(2)还原后能够重复使用。