Transformation mechanism of secondary phase and its effect on intergranular corrosion in laser wire filling welding Ni-based alloy/304 stainless steel

To clarify the transformation mechanism of secondary phase and the mechanism of intergranular corrosion in laser welding Ni-based alloy (Hastelloy C-276)/304 stainless steel with filler wire,the secondary phase was analyzed by electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The evaluation of intergranular corrosion resistance of the welded joints was conducted by double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation(DL-EPR) method,and at the same time the chemical compositions of the corrosion surface were analyzed by energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS).The results show that p phase has complete coherence relationship withμphase,and the coherent relationship is described as[001]p//■and[430]p//[0001]μ.Theμphase is rapidly transformed from p phase,which is the inhomogeneous phase transformation.The transformation of secondary phase will increase the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion.Therefore,the transformation of secondary phase should be avoided in the welding process.

Influences of different filler metals on electron beam welding of titanium alloy to stainless steel

Electron beam welding experiments of titanium alloy to stainless steel were carried out with different filler metals, such as Ni, V, and Cu. Microstructures of the joints were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated according to tensile strength and microhardness. As a result, influences of filler metals on microstructures and mechanical properties of electron beam welded titanium-stainless steel joints were discussed. The results showed that all the filler metals were helpful to restrain the Ti-Fe intermetallics. The welds with different filler metals were all characterized by solid solution and interfacial intermetallics. For each type of the filler metal, the type of solid solution and interfacial intermetallics depended on the metallurgical reactions between the filler metals and base metals. The interfacial intermetallics were Fe2Ti＋Ni3Ti＋NiTi2, TiFe, and Cu2Ti＋CuTi＋CuTi2 in the joints welded with Ni, V, and Cu filler metals, respectively. The tensile strengths of the joints were dependent on the hardness of the interfacial intermetallics. The joint welded with Ag filler metal had the highest tensile strength, which is about 310 MPa.

Effect of filler wire on the joint properties of AZ31 magnesium alloys using CO_2 laser welding

Laser welding with filler wire of AZ31 magnesium alloys is investigated using a CO2 laser experimental system. The effect of three different filler wires on the joint properties is researched. The results show that the weld appearance can be effectively improved when using laser welding with filler wire. The microhardness and tensile strength of joints are almost the same us those of the base metal when ER AZ31 or ER AZ61 wire is adopted. However, when the filler wire of ER 5356 aluminum alloy is used, the mechanical properties of flints become worse. For ER AZ31 and ER AZ61 filler wires, the microstructure of weld zone slws small dendrite grains. In comparison, for ER 5356 filler wire, the weld shows a structure of snowy dendrites and many intermetallic compounds and eutectic phases distribute in the dendrites. These intermetallic constituents with low melting point increase the tendency of hot crack and result in fiagile joint properties. Therefore, ER AZ31 and ER AZ61 wire are more suitable filler material than ER 5356 for CO2 laser welding of AZ31 magnesium alloys.

Joint performance in laser welding Al alloy with filler wire

CO2 laser welding aluminum alloy with filler wire was studied. The results indicate that the problems in CO2 laser welding of Al alloy, such as bad appearance of weld, easily excessive penetration and low strength, can be improved effectively by using laser welding with filler wire, and the maximum tensile strength of weld can reach 94% for the base metal. It also can be found that, the linear energy have great influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint. As the heat input increases, the cellular fir-tree crystals in the weld zone become sparse and the form of tensile fracture transforms from gliding fracture to brittle fracture.

Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Al-Cu-Li Alloy Joint by Laser Welding with Filler Wire

The Al-Cu-Li alloy is welded by using laser beam welding,and the welding wire ER4043 is used as filler metal. The microstructure and mechanical property of welded joints are systematically investigated. Microstructure analyses show that the fusion zone is mainly composed of α-Al matrix phase and some strengthening phases including T,δ’,θ’,β’ and T1,etc. During welding,the weld formation and joint quality are obviously improved by the addition of Al-Si filler wire. The measurements of mechanical property indicate that,compared with that of the base metal(BM), the microhardness in the weld zone is decreased to a certain extent. Under the appropriate welding parameters,the tensile strength of welded joint reaches 369.4 MPa,which is 67.8% of that of the BM. There are many dimples on the joint fracture surface,and it mainly presents the fracture characteristic of dimple aggregation.

Effect of Conventional and Pulsed TIG Welding on Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics of AA 6082-T6 Repair Welds

Repair welding of AA 6082-T6 joints was carried out using ER 4043 filler through the TIG welding process with or without pulsed current.Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the joints before and after repairing were investigated by examining macrostructure,microstructure,and distributions of porosity in the weld metal(WM),and by hardness,tensile,and bending tests.We observed that the welding current,phase transformations in heat-affected zone(HAZ)and porosity introduced in the WM during welding influence on its mechanical properties in sequence.The experimental results showed that the bead width and penetration as well as size of pores in the joints were mainly influenced by the welding currents.The sound joints were obtained at a welding current of 140 A with or without pulsed current when welding speed and gas flow rate were set at 20 cm·min-1 and 15 L·min-1,respectively.Among them,the decrease in mechanical properties of repair weld(RW)was directly related to the phase transformations in the over-ageing zone due to the double welding thermal cycles and elevated distribution of porosity in the WM.In addition,it was observed that the comparatively smaller grain size and lower porosity in WM of the RW produced by pulsed TIG welding gave a positive effect on its mechanical properties.

Microstructure and shear strength ofγ-TiAl/GH536 joints brazed with Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Fe-Co-Mo filler alloy

The influence of brazing temperature and brazing time on the microstructure and shear strength ofγ-TiAl/GH536 joints brazed with Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Fe-Co-Mo filler was investigated using SEM,EDS,XRD and universal testing machine.Results show that all the brazed joints mainly consist of four reaction layers regardless of the brazing temperature and brazing time.The thickness of the brazed seam and the average shear strength of the joint increase firstly and then decrease with brazing temperature in the range of 1090-1170℃and brazing time varying from 0 to 20 min.The maximum shear strength of 262 MPa is obtained at 1150℃for 10 min.The brittle Al3NiTi2 and TiNi3 intermetallics are the main controlling factors for the crack generation and deterioration of joint strength.The fracture surface is characterized as typical cleavage fracture and it mainly consists of massive brittle Al3NiTi2 intermetallics.

Mg-Al-Zn合金激光填丝焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能

采用激光填丝焊方法对4 mm厚的Mg-Al-Zn系镁合金进行焊接,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪对接头的微观组织进行分析,并对接头的拉伸性能和显微硬度进行测试。结果表明,接头焊缝区主要由α-Mg基体相和β-Mg17Al_(12)强化相组成。与母材区相比,接头热影响区的硬度有所降低,与该区域的晶粒粗化有关。在激光功率3.0 kW,焊接速度1.5 m/min,送丝速度2.1 m/min的工艺条件下获得的接头,焊缝成形良好,其抗拉强度为315 MPa,与母材的抗拉强度接近。接头拉伸断口上分布着一定数量的韧窝和河流花样,总体呈韧-脆混合型断裂特征。

Microstructure Evolution and Tensile Properties of Ti_3Al/Ni-based Superalloy Welded Joint

In the present work, the dissimilar joining of a Ti3Al-based alloy to a Ni-based superalloy was attempted by gas tungsten arc （GTA） welding technology. Sound joints were successfully achieved by using a Cu-Ni alloy as filler material. According to X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis results three transitional layers at the weld/Ti3Al interface were verified as follows： Ti2AlNb phase dissolved with Cu and Ni; Al（Cu,Ni）2Ti, （Cu,Ni）2Ti and （Nb, Ti） solid solution; Cu-rich phase and a complex multi-element phase. The In718/weld interface is characterized by solid solutions of Ni, Cu, Cr, Fe and Nb. The average tensile strength of the as-welded joints at room temperature is 163 MPa, and after a post-weld heat treatment it is increased slightly to 177 MPa. The fracture occurred at the surfacial layer of the joined Ti3Al base alloy, indicating that the Ti2AINb layer dissolved with Cu and Ni is the weak link of the Ti3Al/In718 joint.

Characteristics of Joint Welded by Laser Welding of Aluminium-Lithium Alloy with Filler Wire

The characteristics of weld shape,microstructure,mechanical properties and defects of 5A90 Al-Li alloy joint by laser welding (LBW) and laser welding with filler wire (LWFW) were studied and analyzed.The results indicated that the microstructure of joint by LWFW was fine-grained layer and the equiaxed grain in most of seams,which were similar to the joint by LBW.Compared with the joint by LBW,the microstructure of joint by LWFW tended to fine,and the range of the columnar crystals zone was prone to decrease.The Microhardness of the joint by LWFW (92.57HV0.2) was lower than that by LBW (95.65HV0.2),but the uniformity was better.The ultimate tensile strength of the joint by LWFW was lower than that by LBW slightly,which reached to 73.03% and 79.22% of the base metal respectively.However,the elongation of the LWFW joint was higher than that of the LBW joint significantly,which reached to 38.65% and 20.38% of the base metal respectively.The microstructure and mechanical properties of 5A90 Al-Li alloy by LWFW were better than that by LBW.The defects of joint were mainly forming defects which were caused by improper parameters and porosity inside the joint,which was caused by uncleaned surface and incomplete penetration.

钛合金激光填药芯焊丝接头组织性能

通过激光填丝焊接方法并采用自主开发设计的钛合金药芯焊丝,进行TC4钛合金板的焊接,对获得的焊接接头进行850℃保温2 h后随炉冷却退火工艺处理,并与焊态焊接接头的组织性能进行比对分析,结果表明,热处理态焊接接头焊缝中由α_(p)相、α_(s)相集束及点状分布的残留β相构成,没有发现焊态焊缝中的α’马氏体组织;热处理态焊接接头强度降低但断后伸长率和常温冲击韧性增加;热处理态焊接接头拉伸断口由大量撕裂唇包围,韧窝深且均匀,呈微孔聚合韧性断裂.通过XRD测试发现焊态焊缝中主要由α’马氏体组成,还有少量极弱的多角度α相衍射峰,而热处理态焊缝中α相衍射峰中心角度位置与焊态焊缝中α’马氏体一致,另外还发现了较为明显且尖锐的β相(110)衍射峰.

Al-Cu-Li合金电子束填丝焊接头显微组织与力学性能

采用ER4043焊丝作为填充材料,对厚度为2 mm的Al-Cu-Li合金进行电子束填丝焊,分析测试接头的显微组织与力学性能。在电子束焊过程中,Al-Si焊丝的添加可明显改善焊缝成形和接头质量。微观分析显示,接头焊缝区沿熔合线分布细小的等轴晶,熔合区主要由α(Al)基体相及T_(1)(Al_(2)CuLi),θ′(Al_(2)Cu),T(AlLiSi),β′(Al_(3)Zr),δ′(Al_(3)Li)等强化相组成。焊接时添加电子束扫描可细化焊缝晶粒,有利于提高接头的力学性能。力学性能测试表明,与母材相比,接头熔合区的显微硬度有所降低;焊接时添加方形波电子束扫描,获得接头的抗拉强度为374.7 MPa,达到母材抗拉强度的74.7%。接头拉伸断口表面分布有许多尺寸较大的等轴韧窝,呈韧-脆混合型断裂特征。

钛合金/铜-镍/不锈钢焊接接头的组织与性能

采用铜-镍复合填充金属进行了钛合金和不锈钢的冷金属过渡焊接,借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪研究铜-镍复合填充金属对钛合金/不锈钢焊接接头微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,添加铜-镍复合填充金属后得到了无焊接缺陷的钛合金/不锈钢焊接接头.接头中形成了硬度相对Ti-Fe,Ti-Cu金属间化合物较低的Ti-Ni金属间化合物,改善了钛合金/不锈钢焊接接头的拉伸性能.当焊接电流为182 A时,钛合金/不锈钢接头的拉剪强度最大为348 MPa.钛合金/不锈钢接头由不锈钢-焊缝金属界面、不锈钢-纯镍-钛合金界面、钛合金-焊缝金属界面和焊缝金属组成,接头中形成了Ti-Cu,Ti-Ni,Al-Cu-Ti和Al-Ni-Ti-Fe-Cu金属间化合物.随着焊接电流的增大,钛合金侧界面反应层的显微硬度逐渐增大,且反应层的宽度也逐渐变宽.创新点:研究铜-镍复合填充金属对Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)钛合金/304不锈钢焊接接头的微观组织、化合物组成以及力学性能的影响.

先进镁合金材料钎焊技术进展

先进镁合金材料具有储量丰富、密度低、比强度高、减震性好、电磁屏蔽性能出色及易回收等特点,有极为广阔的应用前景。焊接是实现复杂金属构件成型的重要手段,也是拓宽镁合金应用的主要途径。目前镁合金主要是通过熔焊、固相焊等焊接方式。钎焊作为一种特种连接方式,仅钎料熔化而母材不发生熔化,适合复杂焊缝的精密成型。随着结构精细化趋势,镁合金复杂结构的焊接要求更加苛刻。与熔焊、固相焊相比,镁合金钎焊尚处于初始阶段,存在大量亟需深入研究的问题。本文首先简要介绍了镁合金焊接的研究现状,随后从钎料设计、钎焊方法、去膜机理等方面详述了镁合金钎焊的研究现状,总结了存在的问题及相应的解决措施;最后,对镁合金钎焊未来的研究方向进行了展望。

6082铝合金激光填丝焊接头组织及力学性能研究

以3 mm厚6082-T6铝合金板为母材进行激光填丝焊接,研究激光功率与焊接速度对焊缝成型、微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,在激光功率为1800 W、焊接速度为0.9 m/min时,焊缝成型最好。接头显微硬度从母材到焊缝中心呈现先减小后增大的趋势,热影响区处存在明显的软化。接头抗拉强度可达300 MPa,伸长率为3.60%。在焊缝背面熔透的条件下,随激光功率增大或焊接速度减小,焊缝的整体成型质量逐渐变好,焊缝中心晶粒尺寸增大,力学性能变差。同时随着激光功率增大,接头气孔数量、尺寸及气孔率均增大。由于6082铝合金本身具有较高的热裂纹敏感性,而且在填丝焊过程中加入Zn,易形成低熔点共晶相,在热循环作用下局部液化导致沿晶开裂。

Dendritic Boundary Corrosion of AA2198 Weld Using Fiber Laser Welding with Al–Cu Filler Wire

The microstructures and corrosion behaviors of AA2198-T851 alloy and weld were analyzed under corrosive conditions. Weld was formed using an innovative fiber laser welding process with AA2319 Al-Cu filler wire. The metallurgic morphology and distribution of the chemical compositions were determined using imaging techniques such as optical micrograph, scanning electron micrograph, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. Corrosion was evaluated using an immersion test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 3.5% NaC1 solution at room temperature. Results indicate that the parent alloy suffered from pitting corrosion during the initial 4-h immersion which was caused by the inhomogeneous distribution of its chemical compo- nents and the different intermetallics formed during the rolling process. The weld experienced dendritic boundary corrosion under the same conditions due to the addition of the Al-Cu filler and rapid solidification during laser welding, which led to the precipitates Cu enrichment along the grain boundary. When a welding joint was immersed in the solution for 5 days, a big crack was observed across the center of the weld. In comparison, there was good corrosion resistance in the heat- affected zone with a compact protective film.

焊接参数对铝合金激光填丝焊缝成形的影响

采用ER5356焊丝对1.2mm厚5A06铝合金和3mm厚5A90铝锂合金进行激光填丝焊接实验,探讨了焊接参数包括光丝间距、送丝速率、激光功率和焊接速率等对焊缝成形的影响。结果表明:光丝间距必须控制在一定范围内才能获得成形较好的焊缝,且其优化范围受焊接速率的影响显著;母材板厚较小有利于激光填丝焊优化送丝速率的提高及其范围的扩大;焊接速率对焊缝成形的影响较大,随着焊接速率的增加,激光功率应随之增加与其匹配;激光填丝焊时在保证熔透性且较好成形的基础上,应尽量采用较小的焊接热输入。

Sc、Zr和Er微合金化Al-5Mg填充合金的焊接热裂敏感性

采用鱼骨状试样裂纹试验、SEM和DSC等分析方法研究Sc、Zr和Er的复合添加对新型Al-5.6Mg-1.0Zn-0.6Mn基填充合金焊接热裂敏感性的影响。结果表明:Sc、Zr和Er(含Ti)参与形核核心Al3(Sc,X)的生成,Er(Ti)元素在晶界处形成富Er相,这对试验合金焊道熔池区域的晶粒度和晶间相富集状态影响显著;优化的Sc、Zr和Er成分配比能获得优异的晶粒细化效果,并抑制含Er相对晶界结合的恶化作用,使合金获得较高的焊接热裂抗力;焊接热裂敏感性降低的机理为合金偏析程度的降低、凝固终了温度的相对提高、细小晶粒的转动滑移和细晶晶界应力的分散。

5A06铝合金激光填丝焊工艺研究

针对1.2mm厚5A06铝合金薄板YAG激光焊接工艺范围窄和对间隙要求严格等问题,较系统地研究了该铝合金激光填丝焊接工艺。试验中采用ER5356焊丝作为填充金属,对光丝间距、送丝速度、激光功率和焊接速度等影响焊缝成形的各种焊接工艺参数进行了优化分析。研究结果表明:优化工艺参数可以显著改善焊缝成形;与激光焊相比,激光填丝焊接工艺范围明显扩大;激光填丝焊的最大容许间隙裕度可以提高至0.6～0.9mm。表明了YAG激光填丝焊工艺是实现5A06铝合金薄板焊接的有效方法。

TiNi形状记忆合金/钛合金异种材料激光焊

由于TiNi合金与钛合金的物理和化学性能差异较大,故其焊接性较差,焊缝区易形成大量的金属间化合物并产生裂纹。为实现上述材料的良好连接、提高接头性能,本文对采用激光焊连接0.2mm厚TiNi形状记忆合金和TC4钛合金异种材料进行了探索。分别采用直接对接焊和手工填丝焊的方法,研究了焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,直接对接焊时焊缝中心产生了纵向裂纹;手工填丝焊则通过合适的焊接工艺,改善了焊缝成形,避免了裂纹的产生。较优的焊接工艺参数为功率百分比18%、脉冲宽度3ms、脉冲频率3Hz;在界面区,Ni与TC4形成的过渡层宽度约为2μm,Ni与TiNi形成的过渡层宽度约为0.5μm。接头最大抗拉强度为332MPa,断裂位置发生在靠近TiNi侧的熔合线附近。