A novel design of micro-aluminum(μAl)powder coated with bi-/tri-component alloy layer,such as:Ni-P and Ni-P-Cu(namely,Al@Ni-P,Al@Ni-P-Cu,respectively),as combustion catalysts,were introduced to release its huge energ...A novel design of micro-aluminum(μAl)powder coated with bi-/tri-component alloy layer,such as:Ni-P and Ni-P-Cu(namely,Al@Ni-P,Al@Ni-P-Cu,respectively),as combustion catalysts,were introduced to release its huge energy inside Al-core and promote rapid pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate(AP)at a lower temperature in aluminized propellants.The microstructure of Al@Ni-P-Cu demonstrates that a three-layer Ni-P-Cu shell,with the thickness of~100 nm,is uniformly supported byμAl carrier(fuel unit),which has an amorphous surface with a thickness of~2.3 nm(catalytic unit).The peak temperature of AP with the addition of Al@Ni-P-Cu(3.5%)could significantly drop to 316.2℃ at high-temperature thermal decomposition,reduced by 124.3℃,in comparison to that of pure AP with 440.5℃.It illustrated that the introduction of Al@Ni-P-Cu could weaken or even eliminate the obstacle of AP pyrolysis due to its reduction of activation energy with 118.28 kJ/mol.The laser ignition results showed that the ignition delay time of Al@Ni-P-Cu/AP mixture with 78 ms in air is shorter than that of Al@Ni-P/AP(118 ms),decreased by 33.90%.Those astonishing breakthroughs were attributed to the synergistic effects of adequate active sites on amorphous surface and oxidation exothermic reactions(7597.7 J/g)of Al@Ni-P-Cu,resulting in accelerated mass and/or heat transfer rate to catalyze AP pyrolysis and combustion.Moreover,it is believed to provide an alternative Al-based combustion catalyst for propellant designer,to promote the development the propellants toward a higher energy.展开更多
Deformation behaviors of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by the method of flake powder metallurgy were investigated by hot compression tests, which were performed in the temperature range of 300?550 °C and str...Deformation behaviors of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by the method of flake powder metallurgy were investigated by hot compression tests, which were performed in the temperature range of 300?550 °C and strain rate range of 0.001? 10 s?1 with Gleeble?3500 thermal simulator system. Processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains were calculated to study the optimum processing domain. Microstructures before and after hot compressions were characterized by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. Stress?strain curves indicate that the flow stress increases with the increase of strain rate and the decrease of temperature. The processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains show that the optimum processing domain is 500?550 °C, 10 s?1 for hot working. EBSD analysis demonstrates that fully dynamic recrystallization occurs in the optimum processing domain (high strainrate 10 s?1), whereas the main soften mechanism is dynamic recovery at low strain rate (0.001 s?1).展开更多
The deformation behaviors of Al2O3/Al composites were investigated by compressive tests conducted at temperature of 300-450 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulator system. The r...The deformation behaviors of Al2O3/Al composites were investigated by compressive tests conducted at temperature of 300-450 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulator system. The results show that the flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The hyperbolic sine constitutive equation can describe the flow stress behavior of Al2O3/Al composites, and the deformation activation energy and constitutive equations were calculated. The processing maps of Al2O3/Al-2 μm and Al2O3/Al-1 μm composites at strain of 0.6 were obtained and the optimum processing domains are in ranges of 300-330 °C, 0.007-0.03 s-1 and 335-360 °C, 0.015-0.06 s-1 for hot working, respectively. The instability zones of flow behavior can also be recognized by the maps.展开更多
The internal friction behavior of Al green power compact duxing the sintering process was studied as a function of temperature. The internal friction measurements were performed from room temperature to 600 °C. T...The internal friction behavior of Al green power compact duxing the sintering process was studied as a function of temperature. The internal friction measurements were performed from room temperature to 600 °C. Two typical internal friction peaks were detected corresponding to heating and cooling processes, respectively. The heating peak corresponds to a recrystallization process of deformed Al particles, which is influenced by many extrinsic parameters, such as measuring frequency, strain amplitude, heating rate, power particle size and compacting pressure. However, the intrinsic nature of the peak is originated from the micro-sliding of the weak-bonding interfaces between Al particles and increased dislocation density induced in compressing. The cooling peak with the activation energy of (1.64±0.06) eV is associated with the grain boundary relaxation, which can be interpreted as the viscous sliding of grain boundaries. The similar phenomena are also found in the Mg green powder compact.展开更多
The influence of high energy ball milling on Al 30Si powder and ceramic particulate SiC was studied by means of SEM, XRD and DSC. The results show that Al 30Si powder and their microstructure are obviously refined aft...The influence of high energy ball milling on Al 30Si powder and ceramic particulate SiC was studied by means of SEM, XRD and DSC. The results show that Al 30Si powder and their microstructure are obviously refined after high energy ball milling process. The alloy powder and SiC p stick closely to each other without interfacial reaction. DSC results detect no reaction but relaxation of the samples. So high energy ball milling can be used as an effective method for ceramic particulate pre treatment in the fabrication of MMC.展开更多
Nanometer powders of Al Fe alloy were prepared by gas evaporation. The formation regularity of the phases in the as prepared powders and the morphology of the particles were examined. The experimental results show tha...Nanometer powders of Al Fe alloy were prepared by gas evaporation. The formation regularity of the phases in the as prepared powders and the morphology of the particles were examined. The experimental results show that chemical composition of the master alloy is the key factor which controls the chemical composition of the compound phases in nanometer powders at given evaporating temperature, the compound phases with high Fe mole fraction will form with increasing of Fe content in master alloy. Only Al 13 Fe 4, FeAl 2 and Al 2Fe compound phases form in nanometer powders in present experiment, changing of the pressure of Ar can only alter relative amounts of the compound phases in the powders. Nanometer particles with inhomogeneous tissue were obtained, which is very different from that of pure Al and Fe nanometer particles. When mole fraction of Fe in particles increases, the inhomogeneity is enhanced. [展开更多
β-SiC nanoparticle reinforced A1 matrix （nano-SiCp/A1） composite was prepared by a multi- step powder metallurgy strategy including presureless sintering, hot compacting process and hot extrusion. The microstructur...β-SiC nanoparticle reinforced A1 matrix （nano-SiCp/A1） composite was prepared by a multi- step powder metallurgy strategy including presureless sintering, hot compacting process and hot extrusion. The microstructures of the as-prepared composites were observed by scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, and the mechanical properties were characterized by tensile strength measurement and Brinell hardness test. The experimental results revealed that the tensile strength of the composite with the addition of 5wt%/3-SIC nanoprtieles could be increased to 215 MPa, increasing by 110% compared with pure A1 matrix. Comparative experiments reflected that theβ-SIC nanoprticles showed significant reinforcement effect than traditional a-SiC micro-sized particles. The preparation process and sintering procedure were investigated to develop a cost effective preparation strategy to fabricate nano-SiCp/A1 composite.展开更多
In the manufacture of SiC_p/Al completes via powder metallurgy, the method of assessing the distri-bution uniformity of SiC particles is very important. The SiC_p distribution uniformity on each processingprocedure a...In the manufacture of SiC_p/Al completes via powder metallurgy, the method of assessing the distri-bution uniformity of SiC particles is very important. The SiC_p distribution uniformity on each processingprocedure at the macro- and micro-mixed stages was investigated and the methods for determining mix-ture quality were put forward.展开更多
The driving force for using powder metallurgy(PM)mostly relies on its near net-shape ability and cost-performance ratio.The automotive application is a main market of PM industry,requiring parts with competitive mecha...The driving force for using powder metallurgy(PM)mostly relies on its near net-shape ability and cost-performance ratio.The automotive application is a main market of PM industry,requiring parts with competitive mechanical or functional performance in a mass production scale.As the automobile technology transforms from traditional internal combustion engine vehicles to new energy vehicles,PM technology is undergoing significant changes in manufacturing and materials development.This review outlines the challenges and opportunities generated by the changes in the automotive technology for PM.Low-cost,high-performance and light-weight are critical aspects for future PM materials development.Therefore,the studies on PM lean-alloyed steel,aluminum alloys,and titanium alloy materials were reviewed.In addition,PM soft magnetic composite applied to new energy vehicles was discussed.Then new opportunities for advanced processing,such as metal injection molding(MIM)and additive manufacturing(AM),in automotive industry were stated.In general,the change in automotive industry raises sufficient development space for PM.While,emerging technologies require more preeminent PM materials.Iron-based parts are still the main PM products due to their mechanical performance and low cost.MIM will occupy the growing market of highly flexible and complex parts.AM opens a door for fast prototyping,great flexibility and customizing at low cost,driving weight and assembling reduction.展开更多
The influence of cooling rate on the microstructure of Al0.6CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy（HEA） powders was investigated. The spherical HEA powders（D50≈78.65 μm） were prepared by high pressure gas atomization. The ...The influence of cooling rate on the microstructure of Al0.6CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy（HEA） powders was investigated. The spherical HEA powders（D50≈78.65 μm） were prepared by high pressure gas atomization. The different cooling rates were achieved by adjusting the powder diameter. Based on the solidification model, the relationship between the cooling rate and the powder diameter was developed. The FCC phase gradually disappears as particle size decreases. Further analysis reveals that the phase structure gradually changes from FCC＋BCC dual-phase to a single BCC phase with the increase of the cooling rate. The microstructure evolves from planar crystal to equiaxed grain with the cooling rate increasing from 3.19×10^4 to 1.11×10^6 K/s.展开更多
After milling in a high energy ball miller for various times, the synthesis reaction process of the Al Ti C powder mixture were investigated by difference thermal analysis (DTA) and X ray diffractometry (XRD). Accordi...After milling in a high energy ball miller for various times, the synthesis reaction process of the Al Ti C powder mixture were investigated by difference thermal analysis (DTA) and X ray diffractometry (XRD). According to the patterns of reaction peaks on the DTA curves, the activation energy of each reaction was calculated. The experimental results of DTA show that the synthesis reaction of Al Ti C powder mixture can be enhanced after high energy milling. The longer the milling time, the lower the reaction temperature. The synthesis reaction of TiC is transformed from Ti+C→TiC to Al 3Ti+C→TiC+3Al with long period milling. Meanwhile, the activation energy of the reaction reduces with increasing milling time. The effect of milling time on reduced activation energy for low temperature region is more significant than that for high temperature region.展开更多
Ti6Al4V powders with three different particle size distributions(0–20, 20–45, and 45–75 μm) were used to evaluate the effect of the particle size distribution on the solid-state sintering and their mechanical prop...Ti6Al4V powders with three different particle size distributions(0–20, 20–45, and 45–75 μm) were used to evaluate the effect of the particle size distribution on the solid-state sintering and their mechanical properties. The sintering kinetics was determined by dilatometry at temperatures from 900 to 1260°C. The mechanical properties of the sintered samples were evaluated by microhardness and compression tests. The sintering kinetics indicated that the predominant mechanism depends on the relative density irrespective of the particle size used. The mechanical properties of the sintered samples are adversely affected by increasing pore volume fraction. The elastic Young's modulus and yield stress follow a power law function of the relative density. The fracture behavior after compression is linked to the neck size developed during sintering, exhibiting two different mechanisms of failure: interparticle neck breaking and intergranular cracking in samples with relative densities below and above of 90%, respectively. The main conclusion is that relative density is responsible for the kinetics, mechanical properties, and failure behavior of Ti6 Al4 V powders.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant Nos.U20B2018,U21B2086,11972087)。
文摘A novel design of micro-aluminum(μAl)powder coated with bi-/tri-component alloy layer,such as:Ni-P and Ni-P-Cu(namely,Al@Ni-P,Al@Ni-P-Cu,respectively),as combustion catalysts,were introduced to release its huge energy inside Al-core and promote rapid pyrolysis of ammonium perchlorate(AP)at a lower temperature in aluminized propellants.The microstructure of Al@Ni-P-Cu demonstrates that a three-layer Ni-P-Cu shell,with the thickness of~100 nm,is uniformly supported byμAl carrier(fuel unit),which has an amorphous surface with a thickness of~2.3 nm(catalytic unit).The peak temperature of AP with the addition of Al@Ni-P-Cu(3.5%)could significantly drop to 316.2℃ at high-temperature thermal decomposition,reduced by 124.3℃,in comparison to that of pure AP with 440.5℃.It illustrated that the introduction of Al@Ni-P-Cu could weaken or even eliminate the obstacle of AP pyrolysis due to its reduction of activation energy with 118.28 kJ/mol.The laser ignition results showed that the ignition delay time of Al@Ni-P-Cu/AP mixture with 78 ms in air is shorter than that of Al@Ni-P/AP(118 ms),decreased by 33.90%.Those astonishing breakthroughs were attributed to the synergistic effects of adequate active sites on amorphous surface and oxidation exothermic reactions(7597.7 J/g)of Al@Ni-P-Cu,resulting in accelerated mass and/or heat transfer rate to catalyze AP pyrolysis and combustion.Moreover,it is believed to provide an alternative Al-based combustion catalyst for propellant designer,to promote the development the propellants toward a higher energy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52001140,52274363)Guangdong Basic Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(Nos.2022A1515010558,2022A1515011597,2022A1515240065)。
基金Project(2012AA030311)supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(51421001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(106112015CDJXY130002)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Deformation behaviors of CNTs/Al alloy composite fabricated by the method of flake powder metallurgy were investigated by hot compression tests, which were performed in the temperature range of 300?550 °C and strain rate range of 0.001? 10 s?1 with Gleeble?3500 thermal simulator system. Processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains were calculated to study the optimum processing domain. Microstructures before and after hot compressions were characterized by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) method. Stress?strain curves indicate that the flow stress increases with the increase of strain rate and the decrease of temperature. The processing maps of the CNTs/Al alloy at different strains show that the optimum processing domain is 500?550 °C, 10 s?1 for hot working. EBSD analysis demonstrates that fully dynamic recrystallization occurs in the optimum processing domain (high strainrate 10 s?1), whereas the main soften mechanism is dynamic recovery at low strain rate (0.001 s?1).
基金Project(2012AA030311)supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2010BB4074)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality,ChinaProject(2010ZD-02)supported by the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials,China
文摘The deformation behaviors of Al2O3/Al composites were investigated by compressive tests conducted at temperature of 300-450 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulator system. The results show that the flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The hyperbolic sine constitutive equation can describe the flow stress behavior of Al2O3/Al composites, and the deformation activation energy and constitutive equations were calculated. The processing maps of Al2O3/Al-2 μm and Al2O3/Al-1 μm composites at strain of 0.6 were obtained and the optimum processing domains are in ranges of 300-330 °C, 0.007-0.03 s-1 and 335-360 °C, 0.015-0.06 s-1 for hot working, respectively. The instability zones of flow behavior can also be recognized by the maps.
基金Project(51301150)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013KJXX-11)supported by the Special Program of Youth New-star of Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province,ChinaProject(Physics-2012SXTS05)supported by the High-level University Construction Special Program of Shaanxi Province,China
文摘The internal friction behavior of Al green power compact duxing the sintering process was studied as a function of temperature. The internal friction measurements were performed from room temperature to 600 °C. Two typical internal friction peaks were detected corresponding to heating and cooling processes, respectively. The heating peak corresponds to a recrystallization process of deformed Al particles, which is influenced by many extrinsic parameters, such as measuring frequency, strain amplitude, heating rate, power particle size and compacting pressure. However, the intrinsic nature of the peak is originated from the micro-sliding of the weak-bonding interfaces between Al particles and increased dislocation density induced in compressing. The cooling peak with the activation energy of (1.64±0.06) eV is associated with the grain boundary relaxation, which can be interpreted as the viscous sliding of grain boundaries. The similar phenomena are also found in the Mg green powder compact.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education,Harbin Institute of Technology,China(No.2020KM005)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.YQ2020E030)。
文摘The influence of high energy ball milling on Al 30Si powder and ceramic particulate SiC was studied by means of SEM, XRD and DSC. The results show that Al 30Si powder and their microstructure are obviously refined after high energy ball milling process. The alloy powder and SiC p stick closely to each other without interfacial reaction. DSC results detect no reaction but relaxation of the samples. So high energy ball milling can be used as an effective method for ceramic particulate pre treatment in the fabrication of MMC.
文摘Nanometer powders of Al Fe alloy were prepared by gas evaporation. The formation regularity of the phases in the as prepared powders and the morphology of the particles were examined. The experimental results show that chemical composition of the master alloy is the key factor which controls the chemical composition of the compound phases in nanometer powders at given evaporating temperature, the compound phases with high Fe mole fraction will form with increasing of Fe content in master alloy. Only Al 13 Fe 4, FeAl 2 and Al 2Fe compound phases form in nanometer powders in present experiment, changing of the pressure of Ar can only alter relative amounts of the compound phases in the powders. Nanometer particles with inhomogeneous tissue were obtained, which is very different from that of pure Al and Fe nanometer particles. When mole fraction of Fe in particles increases, the inhomogeneity is enhanced. [
基金Funded by the Research Collaborative Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province,China(BY2009129)the Science and Technology Project of Suzhou,China(SYG0905)
文摘β-SiC nanoparticle reinforced A1 matrix （nano-SiCp/A1） composite was prepared by a multi- step powder metallurgy strategy including presureless sintering, hot compacting process and hot extrusion. The microstructures of the as-prepared composites were observed by scanning electronic microscopy （SEM）, and the mechanical properties were characterized by tensile strength measurement and Brinell hardness test. The experimental results revealed that the tensile strength of the composite with the addition of 5wt%/3-SIC nanoprtieles could be increased to 215 MPa, increasing by 110% compared with pure A1 matrix. Comparative experiments reflected that theβ-SIC nanoprticles showed significant reinforcement effect than traditional a-SiC micro-sized particles. The preparation process and sintering procedure were investigated to develop a cost effective preparation strategy to fabricate nano-SiCp/A1 composite.
文摘In the manufacture of SiC_p/Al completes via powder metallurgy, the method of assessing the distri-bution uniformity of SiC particles is very important. The SiC_p distribution uniformity on each processingprocedure at the macro- and micro-mixed stages was investigated and the methods for determining mix-ture quality were put forward.
基金Project(51625404)supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,China。
文摘The driving force for using powder metallurgy(PM)mostly relies on its near net-shape ability and cost-performance ratio.The automotive application is a main market of PM industry,requiring parts with competitive mechanical or functional performance in a mass production scale.As the automobile technology transforms from traditional internal combustion engine vehicles to new energy vehicles,PM technology is undergoing significant changes in manufacturing and materials development.This review outlines the challenges and opportunities generated by the changes in the automotive technology for PM.Low-cost,high-performance and light-weight are critical aspects for future PM materials development.Therefore,the studies on PM lean-alloyed steel,aluminum alloys,and titanium alloy materials were reviewed.In addition,PM soft magnetic composite applied to new energy vehicles was discussed.Then new opportunities for advanced processing,such as metal injection molding(MIM)and additive manufacturing(AM),in automotive industry were stated.In general,the change in automotive industry raises sufficient development space for PM.While,emerging technologies require more preeminent PM materials.Iron-based parts are still the main PM products due to their mechanical performance and low cost.MIM will occupy the growing market of highly flexible and complex parts.AM opens a door for fast prototyping,great flexibility and customizing at low cost,driving weight and assembling reduction.
基金Project(51471035)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The influence of cooling rate on the microstructure of Al0.6CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy（HEA） powders was investigated. The spherical HEA powders（D50≈78.65 μm） were prepared by high pressure gas atomization. The different cooling rates were achieved by adjusting the powder diameter. Based on the solidification model, the relationship between the cooling rate and the powder diameter was developed. The FCC phase gradually disappears as particle size decreases. Further analysis reveals that the phase structure gradually changes from FCC＋BCC dual-phase to a single BCC phase with the increase of the cooling rate. The microstructure evolves from planar crystal to equiaxed grain with the cooling rate increasing from 3.19×10^4 to 1.11×10^6 K/s.
文摘After milling in a high energy ball miller for various times, the synthesis reaction process of the Al Ti C powder mixture were investigated by difference thermal analysis (DTA) and X ray diffractometry (XRD). According to the patterns of reaction peaks on the DTA curves, the activation energy of each reaction was calculated. The experimental results of DTA show that the synthesis reaction of Al Ti C powder mixture can be enhanced after high energy milling. The longer the milling time, the lower the reaction temperature. The synthesis reaction of TiC is transformed from Ti+C→TiC to Al 3Ti+C→TiC+3Al with long period milling. Meanwhile, the activation energy of the reaction reduces with increasing milling time. The effect of milling time on reduced activation energy for low temperature region is more significant than that for high temperature region.
基金the National Laboratory SEDEAM-National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT)ECOS M15P01 for the financial support and the facilities to develop this study
文摘Ti6Al4V powders with three different particle size distributions(0–20, 20–45, and 45–75 μm) were used to evaluate the effect of the particle size distribution on the solid-state sintering and their mechanical properties. The sintering kinetics was determined by dilatometry at temperatures from 900 to 1260°C. The mechanical properties of the sintered samples were evaluated by microhardness and compression tests. The sintering kinetics indicated that the predominant mechanism depends on the relative density irrespective of the particle size used. The mechanical properties of the sintered samples are adversely affected by increasing pore volume fraction. The elastic Young's modulus and yield stress follow a power law function of the relative density. The fracture behavior after compression is linked to the neck size developed during sintering, exhibiting two different mechanisms of failure: interparticle neck breaking and intergranular cracking in samples with relative densities below and above of 90%, respectively. The main conclusion is that relative density is responsible for the kinetics, mechanical properties, and failure behavior of Ti6 Al4 V powders.
