Oligomerization of 1-Decene: Catalyzation by Immobilized AlCl_3/γ-Al_2O_3 Catalyst in Fixed-bed Reactor

1-Decene was oligomerized over the supported AlCl3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor. The effects of temperature and LHSV on oligomerization of 1-decene were investigated and the synthetic PAO was characterized with GC technique. Furthermore, the life of immobilized catalyst was tested and the mechanism of catalyst deactivation was discussed. The results showed that with an increasing temperature, the PAO yield increased and the kinematic viscosity of oil decreased. The GC results indicated that the synthesized PAO was a mixture consisting of dimers, trimers, tetramers and pentamers. The results of chloride content measurements and BET tests showed that catalyst deactivation could be mainly attributed to the loss of active components.

Effect of Ball-Milling Time on the Performance of Ni-Al2O3 Catalyst for 1,4-Butynediol Hydrogenation to Produce 1,4-Butenediol

The Ni-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by the mechanochemical method in combination with a planetary ballmilling machine.Effect of milling time on the crystal structure,the reduction characteristics and the catalytic performance of Ni-Al2O3 catalyst for hydrogenation of 1,4-butynediol to produce 1,4-butenediol were investigated.The catalysts were characterized by PSD,EDX,XRD,H2-TPR,BET,TEM,and NH3-TPD methods.Results showed that the MCt2.5 catalyst treated at a ball milling time of 2.5 h could form a smallest particle size of 191.0 nm.The evaluation experiments revealed that the activity of the prepared catalyst increased at first and then reached a constant value with the extension of ballmilling time.The BYD conversion,BED selectivity and yield on the MCt2.5 catalyst reached 35.63%,33.48%and 32.46%,respectively,which were higher than those obtained by other samples.The excellent performance of MCt2.5 sample is mainly related to the following three reasons from characterization results.Firstly,it has a smallest particle size of 191.0 nm;and then,the surface acidity(in terms of strong acids)of the catalyst was weaker than other catalysts;and eventually,the loading amount(23.84%)of the active component Ni exceeded the theoretical value(20%).

Environment-friendly synthesis of N-phenylpiperidine from aniline and 1,5-pentanediol overγ-Al_2O_3 catalyst

An efficient environment-friendly synthesis of N-phenylpiperidine was developed from aniline and 1,5-pentanediol over γ-Al2O3 catalyst under atmospheric pressure. The conversion of 1,5-pentanediol reached 97% and the selectivity for N-phenylpiperidine attained 94%. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by NH3-TPD and BET. The influences of calcination temperature of the catalyst and reaction temperature on activity and selectivity of the catalyst were investigated.

In Situ IR Spectroscopic Study on the Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene on Fresh Mo_2C/γ-Al_2O_3 Catalyst

The surface species formed from the adsorption of 1,3-butadiene and 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation over the fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was studied by in situ IR spectroscopy. It is found that 1,3-butadiene adsorption on the Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst mainly forms π-adsorbed butadiene(πs and πd) and σ-bonded surface species. These species are adsorbed mainly on the surface Moδ+(0<δ<2) sites as evidenced by co-adsorption of 1,3-butadiene and CO on the fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The IR spectrometric analysis show that hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene over fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst produces mainly butane coupled with a small portion of butene. The selectivity of butene during the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene over fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst might be explained by the adsorption mode of adsorbed 1,3-butadiene. Additionally, the active sites of the fresh Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst may be covered by coke during the hydrogenation reaction of 1,3-butadiene. The treatment with hydrogen at 673 K cannot remove the coke deposits from the surface of the Mo2C/γ-Al2O3 catalyst.

浸渍法制备高选择性1-丁烯齐聚催化剂Fe_2O_3·SO_4^(2-)/γ-Al_2O_3

通过分步浸渍法制备Fe_2O_3·SO_4^(2-)/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,并用于催化1-丁烯齐聚反应,考察了催化剂制备条件和反应条件对催化性能的影响,并与Fe_2(SO_4)_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂进行性能比较。结果表明,在0.96 MPa、60℃、液时空速为5h-1的反应条件下,采用Fe负载量为6%、SO_4^(2-)负载量为1.2 mmol/g(γ-Al_2O_3)的Fe_2O_3·SO_4^(2-)/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,1-丁烯齐聚反应的转化率达到68.0%,二聚物选择性为95.0%。α-Fe_2O_3是催化1-丁烯齐聚反应的活性组分,并能提高二聚体选择性;此外,α-Fe_2O_3晶相与SO2-4的相互作用对其催化1-丁烯齐聚反应的活性有重要影响,γ-Al_2O_3与SO_4^(2-)的相互作用也对催化活性有一定的影响。Fe负载量为6%的Fe_2O_3·SO_4^(2-)/γ-Al_2O_3催化活性最高,此时NH_3-TPD结果显示,催化剂只存在较弱的酸中心和适中的酸量。

Pt/Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2/γ-Al_2O_3整体式催化剂上的氢气燃烧性能研究

研究了添加CexZr1-xO2对Pt/γ-Al2O3/堇青石整体式催化剂氢气催化燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,CexZr1-xO2的添加明显提高了催化剂的活性,并且随着Ce/Zr比的增大,催化剂活性逐渐增强。XRD结果显示,随着Ce/Zr比的增大,CexZr1-xO2立方相固溶体的衍射峰越来越明显,这表明Ce/Zr比的增大有利于CexZr1-xO2立方相固溶体的形成。N2吸附-脱附测试结果表明,添加10%质量分数的CexZr1-xO2对γ-Al2O3的比表面积影响不大,而使其孔径和孔容明显减小。当氢气浓度较低时,空速和湿度对氢气的转化率影响较大;而当氢气浓度较高时,空速和湿度对氢气的转化率影响不大。

Ce_(1-x)Cu_xO_(2-x)/γ-Al_2O_3及Ce_(1-x)Cu_xO_2催化剂的二甲醚催化燃烧性能研究

分别用柠檬酸-凝胶法及沉淀法制备了复合金属氧化物Ce1-xCuxO2(x=0.1,0.2……0.9)催化剂,用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型1.5%Ce1-xCuxO2-x/γ-Al2O3(x=0,0.1,0.2……0.9,1.0)催化剂,并考察了这三类催化剂的二甲醚催化燃烧性能。结果表明,三类催化剂均能一定程度地降低二甲醚的起燃温度(T10)和完全燃烧温度(T90)。负载型催化剂1.5%Ce1-xCuxO2-x/γ-Al2O3(x=0.9)的性能最佳,其起燃温度T10=198℃,完全燃烧温度T90=231℃,连续反应222h,催化剂活性无变化。采用XRD、TPR对催化剂进行表征,发现在1.5%Ce0.1Cu0.9O1.1/γ-Al2O3催化剂上,CeO2和CuO形成了固溶体且高度分散在γ-Al2O3表面,并与γ-Al2O3产生了一定的相互作用,这可能是该催化剂活性高和稳定性好的主要原因。

ZrOCl_2-H_2SO_4/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及对1-丁烯齐聚反应的催化性能

以γ-Al_2O_3为载体,负载Zr OCl_2和H_2SO_4制备Zr OCl_2-H_2SO_4/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,并用于1-丁烯齐聚反应。采用气相色谱在线分析,确定产物组成,考察制备条件对催化剂催化活性的影响,通过1-丁烯转化率和主产物选择性确定适宜的反应条件。结果表明,在Zr OCl_2和H_2SO_4负载质量分数为4.5%和焙烧温度500℃条件下制备的催化剂,在反应温度140℃、1-丁烯液时空速2 h-1和N2分压1.4 MPa条件下,表现出较好的催化活性,1-丁烯转化率96.77%,产物以二聚体(C8)为主,选择性85.99%。该催化剂失活后容易再生,且催化活性良好,1-丁烯转化率92.73%,C8选择性86.73%。

H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

采用浸渍法制备ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体负载硅钨酸催化剂,并通过FT-IR、XRD对其进行了表征。以H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3为催化剂,通过环己酮与1,2-丙二醇反应合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮。较系统地研究了醇酮物质的量比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量及反应时间等条件对收率的影响。结果表明:H4SiW12O40/ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂是合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,固定环己酮用量为0.20mol,在n(环己酮):n(1,2-丙二醇)=1:1.3,催化剂的用量占反应物量总质量的2.0%,带水剂环己烷的用量为8mL,反应时间75min的优化条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达84.6%。

NiMoFeB/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及其评价

以NiCl_2·6H_2O为前驱体、(NH_4)_6Mo_7O_(24)·4H_2O和FeCl_3·6H_2O为助剂,通过浸渍、焙烧和NaBH_4还原制备高活性的NiMoFeB/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂。采用糠醛液相催化加氢为探针反应对其活性进行了评价。与NiMoB/γ-Al_2O_3相比,NiMoFeB/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂表现出更高的加氢活性和选择性,即使在较低温度60℃和5.0MPa条件下,加氢反应3.0h,糠醛转化率接近100%。考察Fe掺杂量和活性组分的负载顺序对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,适宜的Fe掺杂量Mo+Ni与Fe原子比为20:1,Mo、Ni和Fe前驱体盐同时负载于γ-Al_2O_3时,催化剂活性最高。XRD研究表明,NiMoFeB/γ-Al_2O_3为无定形结构,活性组分在载体上分散均匀,具有良好的热稳定性。

NiO-CoO/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂上苯胺和1,6-己二醇气相催化合成1-苯基氮杂环庚烷的研究

1-苯基氮杂环庚烷在材料化学、药物化学及有机合成等领域有广泛应用.由苯胺和1,6-己二醇气相催化合成1-苯基氮杂环庚烷绿色环保、价格低廉,是理想的合成方法.通过常压气固相反应对用于该反应的NiO-CoO/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂进行了研究,并通过X射线粉末衍射、NH_3程序升温脱附、N_2物理吸附和热重等手段对催化剂进行了表征,以揭示催化剂结构与反应性能的关系.结果表明,当氧化镍和氧化钴担载量分别为0.075和0.025mmol/g、采用程序升温由室温升至800℃、并在该温度下焙烧4h,催化剂具有很高的活性和选择性,1-苯基氮杂环庚烷的收率达到85%.催化剂活性组分高度分散、中强酸中心数少、平均孔径大有利于1-苯基氮杂环庚烷的合成.积碳是催化剂失活的主要原因.

Ti(OBu)4／TiO2-Al2O3催化合成聚(己二酸-1，4-丁二醇)酯

用Ti（OBu）4／TiO2-Al2O3催化剂合成了聚（己二酸-1，4-丁二醇）酯。Ti（OBu）4／TiO2-Al2O3合成聚（己二酸-1，4丁二醇）酯的最佳反应条件：催化剂载体焙烧温度为750℃，焙烧时间为4h，催化剂加入量为1．5％，n（己二酸）／n（1,4-丁二醇）=1：（1．2～1．3），反应温度为165～170℃，反应时间4h，在此条件下得到聚酯，酯化率为93．02％，Mn=3 080，Mn／Mw=1．206，催化剂可反复使用5次。

CeO_2-ZrO_2-La_2O_3-Al_2O_3 composite oxide and its supported palladium catalyst for the treatment of exhaust of natural gas engined vehicles

Composite supports CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3（CZA） and CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3-La2O3（CZALa） were prepared by co-precipitation method. Palladium catalysts were prepared by impregnation and their purification ability for CH4, CO and NOx in the mixture gas simulated the exhaust from natural gas vehicles （NGVs） operated under stoichiometric condition was investigated. The effect of La2O3 on the physicochemical properties of supports and catalysts was characterized by various techniques. The characterizations with X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the doping of La2O3 restrained effectively the sintering of crystallite particles, maintained the crystallite particles in nanoscale and stabilized the crystal phase after calcination at 1000 ℃. The results of N2-adsorption, H2-temperatnre-programmed reduction （H2-TPR） and oxygen storage capacity （OSC） measurements indicated that La2O3 improved the textural properties, reducibility and OSC of composite supports. Activity testing results showed that the catalysts exhibit excellent activities for the simultaneous removal of methane, CO and NOx in the simulated exhaust gas. The catalysts supported on CZALa showed remarkable thermal stability and catalytic activity for the three pollutants, especially for NOx. The prepared palladium catalysts have high ability to remove NOx, CH4 and CO, and they can be used as excellent catalysts for the purification of exhaust from NGVs operated under stoichiometric condition. The catalysts reported in this work also have significant potential in industrial application because of their high performance and low cost.

Preparation and characterization of Fe_2O_3-CeO_2-TiO_2/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst for degradation dye wastewater

In order to develop a catalyst with high activity for catalytic wet oxidation （CWO） process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by consecutive impregnation method and the prepared parameters were optimized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by BET, XRF, SEM and XPS technologies, and the actual wastewater was used to investigate the catalytic activity of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 in CWO process. The experimental results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity when the doping amount of Ti was 1.0 wt% （the weight ratio of Ti to carriers）, and the middle product, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3, was calcined in 450℃ for 2 h. The CWO experiment for treating actual dye wastewater indicated that the COD, color and TOC of actual wastewater were decreased by 62.23%, 50.12% and 41.26% in 3 h, respectively, and the ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.19 to 0.30.

Syngas production by combined carbon dioxide reforming and partial oxidation of methane over Ni/α-Al_2O_3 catalysts

Ni/α-Al2O3 catalysts were found to be active in the temperature range 600 ～ 900℃ for both CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of methane.The effects of Ni loading,reaction temperature and feed gas ratio for the combination of CO2 reforming and partial oxidation of CH4 over Ni/α-Al2O3 were investigated.Catalysts of xwt%Ni/α-Al2O3（x=2.5,5,8 and 12） were prepared by wet impregnating the calcined support with a solution of nickel nitrate.XRD patterns and activity tests have verified that the 5wt%Ni/α-Al2O3 was the most active catalyst,as compared with the other prepared catalyst samples.An increase of the Ni loading to more than 5wt% led to a reduction in the Ni dispersion.In addition,by combining the endothermic carbon dioxide reforming reaction with the exothermic partial oxidation reaction,the loss of catalyst activity with time on stream was reduced with the amount of oxygen added to the feed.

Effect of Fe_2O_3 Loading Amount on Catalytic Properties of Monolithic Fe_2O_3/Ce_(0.67)Zr_(0.33)O_2-Al_2O_3 Catalyst for Methane Combustion

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 solid solution was prepared by the co-precipitation method. Fe2O3-based catalysts supported on the solid solution were obtained by the impregnation method. The article revealed that the optimal loading amount of Fe2O3 on Ce0.67Zr0.33 O2-Al2O3 in our experimental condition for catalytic combustion of methane was 8% （ mass fraction）. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, TPR, XRD analyses, and their catalytic activity was investigated after being calcined at 873 K and after being aged in water gas at 1273 K. When the loading amount of Fe203 was 8% （ mass fraction）, the catalyst held the highest activity, and the best temperature speciality and thermal stability. The complete-conversion temperature of methane for fresh and aged sample was 788 and 838 K, respectively. The range between the light-off temperature and the complete-conversion temperature was only 15 K. The characterization results of XRD indicated that Fe2O3 was well dispersed on the Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 matrix. The results of BET and TPR were in good harmony with the catalytic activity results.

An efficient green route for hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate synthesis by thermal decomposition of hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate over Co3O4/ZSM-5 catalyst： An indirect utilization of CO2

The utilization of CO2 as raw material for chemical synthesis has the potential for substantial economic and green benefits. Thermal decomposition of hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate （HDC） is a promising approach for indirect utilization of CO2 to produce hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate （HDI）. In this work, a green route was developed for the synthesis of HD1 by thermal decomposition of HDC over Co3O4/ZSM-5 catalyst, using chlorobenzene as low boiling point solvent. Different metal oxide supported catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation （IWI）, PEG-additive （PEG） and deposition precipitation with ammonia evaporation （DP） methods. Their catalytic performances for the thermal decomposition of HDC were tested. The catalyst screening results showed that Co3O4/ZSM-525 catalysts prepared by different methods showed different performances in the order of Co3O4/ZSM-5 25（PEG） 〉 Co3O4/ZSM-525（IWI） 〉 Co3O4/ZSM-525（DP）. The physicochemical properties of Co3O4/ZSM- 52s catalyst were characterized by XRD, FTIR, N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, NH3-TPD and XPS. The superior catalytic performance of Co3O4/ZSM-52S（PEG） catalyst was attributed to its relative surface content of Co3 ＋, surface lattice oxygen content and total acidity. Under the optimized reaction conditions： 6.5% HDC concentration in chlorobenzene, 1 wt% Co3O4/ZSM-525（PEG） catalyst, 250℃ temperature, 2.5 h time, 800 ml.min 1 nitrogen flow rate and 1.0 MPa pressure, the HDC conversion and HDI yield could reach 100% and 92.8% respectively. The Co3O4/ZSM-525（PEG） catalyst could be facilely separated from the reaction mixture, and reused without degradation in catalytic performance. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on the physicochemical properties of the Co3O4/ZSM-5 25 catalysts.

1-丁烯低聚反应SO42--ZrO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的研究

通过浸渍法制备SO4^2-ZrO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,用于催化1-丁烯低聚反应,考察了活性组分的负载量对催化剂酸性影响及对1-丁烯低聚反应性能的影响。SO4^2-负载量为2.10 mmol/g (γ-Al2O3)、Zr负载量为0.49 mmol/g,500℃焙烧的SO4^2-ZrO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,1-丁烯转化率可达到92%,产物以二聚体为主,选择性为78.26%,三聚体选择性为21.33%。SO4^2-与Zr的物质的量之比在2~4之间, 1-丁烯转化率高。并采用孔隙比表面积分析仪、NH3-TPD对催化剂进行表征。结果表明SO4^2-、Zr与γ-Al2O3的相互作用对酸性有一定影响,在一定的酸量、适量的弱酸中心和较强酸中心相互作用下,有良好的催化活性和选择性。

H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3催化合成丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛

以H_4SiW_(12)O_(40)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3为催化剂,丁醛和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成了丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛,用正交实验法研究了反应物料配比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量及反应时间等因素对反应的影响。结果表明,在n(丁醛):n(1,2-丙二醇)=1:1.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.5%,带水剂环己烷用量为8 mL,反应时间为45 min的条件下,丁醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛的收率可达82.6%。

钛基La_xCe_(1-x)Ti_yM_(1-y)O_3/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及催化燃烧性能

为提高钙钛矿型催化剂的活性,以γ-Al2O3为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备负载型钙钛矿LaxCe1-xTiyM1-yO3/γ-Al2O3催化剂,考察了活性组分负载量、焙烧温度、A位元素配比和B位元素掺杂对催化剂催化燃烧甲苯性能的影响,并对催化剂进行XRD和BET表征。结果表明:催化剂的最佳制备条件是活性组分负载量为12%,焙烧温度为750℃,催化剂的最佳形式为La0.8Ce0.2 Ti0.8 Mn0.2 O3/γ-Al2 O3,在该催化剂的作用下,甲苯的起燃温度T50和完全转化温度T90分别为292℃和338℃;负载型钙钛矿催化剂保持了完整的钙钛矿结构,活性组分均匀分布在载体的孔道中,虽然会导致载体的比表面积有所降低,但催化剂可以更最大程度地分散,更有利于提高催化剂的催化活性。