Elimination of methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms on titanium implants via photothermally‑triggered nitric oxide and immunotherapy for enhanced osseointegration

Background:Treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)biofilm infections in implant placement surgery is limited by the lack of antimicrobial activity of titanium(Ti)implants.There is a need to explore more effective approaches for the treatment of MRSA biofilm infections.Methods:Herein,an interfacial functionalization strategy is proposed by the integration of mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles(PDA),nitric oxide(NO)release donor sodium nitroprusside(SNP)and osteogenic growth peptide(OGP)onto Ti implants,denoted as Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP.The physical and chemical properties of Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP were assessed by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscope,water contact angle,photothermal property and NO release behavior.The synergistic antibacterial effect and elimination of the MRSA biofilms were evaluated by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe,1-N-phenylnaphthylamine assay,adenosine triphosphate intensity,O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside hydrolysis activity,bicinchoninic acid leakage.Fluorescence staining,assays for alkaline phosphatase activity,collagen secretion and extracellular matrix mineralization,quantitative real‑time reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)were used to evaluate the inflammatory response and osteogenic ability in bone marrow stromal cells(MSCs),RAW264.7 cells and their co-culture system.Giemsa staining,ELISA,micro-CT,hematoxylin and eosin,Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemistry staining were used to evaluate the eradication of MRSA biofilms,inhibition of inflammatory response,and promotion of osseointegration of Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP in vivo.Results:Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP displayed a synergistic photothermal and NO-dependent antibacterial effect against MRSA following near-infrared light(NIR)irradiation,and effectively eliminated the formed MRSA biofilms by inducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated oxidative stress,destroying bacterial membrane integrity and causing leakage of intracellular components(P<0.01).In vitro experiments revealed that Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP not only facilitated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs,but also promoted the polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2-phenotype(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The favorable osteo-immune microenvironment further facilitated osteogenesis of MSCs and the anti-inflammation of RAW264.7 cells via multiple paracrine signaling pathways(P<0.01).In vivo evaluation confirmed the aforementioned results and revealed that Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP induced ameliorative osseointegration in an MRSA-infected femoral defect implantation model(P<0.01).Conclusions:Ti-PDA@SNP-OGP is a promising multi-functional material for the high-efficient treatment of MRSA infections in implant replacement surgeries.

Carbon Monoxide Modulates Auxin Transport and Nitric Oxide Signaling in Plants under Iron Deficiency Stress

Carbon monoxide(CO)and nitric oxide(NO)are signal molecules that enhance plant adaptation to environmental stimuli.Auxin is an essential phytohormone for plant growth and development.CO and NO play crucial roles in modulating the plant’s response to iron deficiency.Iron deficiency leads to an increase in the activity of heme oxygenase(HO)and the subsequent generation of CO.Additionally,it alters the polar subcellular distribution of Pin-Formed 1(PIN1)proteins,resulting in enhanced auxin transport.This alteration,in turn,leads to an increase in NO accumulation.Furthermore,iron deficiency enhances the activity of ferric chelate reductase(FCR),as well as the expression of the Fer-like iron deficiency-induced transcription factor 1(FIT)and the ferric reduction oxidase 2(FRO2)genes in plant roots.Overexpression of the long hypocotyl 1(HY1)gene,which encodes heme oxygenase,or the CO donor treatment resulted in enhanced basipetal auxin transport,higher FCR activity,and the expression of FIT and FRO2 genes under Fe deficiency.Here,a potential mechanism is proposed:CO and NO interact with auxin to address iron deficiency stress.CO alters auxin transport,enhancing its accumulation in roots and up-regulating key iron-related genes like FRO2 and IRT1.Elevated auxin levels affect NO signaling,leading to greater sensitivity in root development.This interplay promotes FCR activity,which is crucial for iron absorption.Together,these molecules enhance iron uptake and root growth,revealing a novel aspect of plant physiology in adapting to environmental stress.

Nitric oxide removal from flue gas coupled with the Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA regeneration by ultraviolet irradiation

During wet complexation denitrification of flue gas,Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA regeneration,also known as reducing Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA and Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-nitric oxide(NO)to Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA,is crucial.In this paper,ultraviolet(UV)light was used for the first time to reduce Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO.The experimental result demonstrated that Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO reduction rate increased with UV power increasing,elevated temperature,and initial Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO concentration decreasing.Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO reduction rate increased first and then decreased as pH value increased(2.0-10.0).Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO reduction with UV irradiation presented a first order reaction with respect to Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO.Compared with other Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA regeneration methods,Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA regeneration with UV show more superiority through comprehensive consideration of regeneration rate and procedure.Subsequently,NO absorption experiment by Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA solution with UV irradiation confirmed that UV can significantly promote the NO removal performance of Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA.Appropriate oxygen concentration(3%(vol))and acidic environment(pH=4)was favorable for NO removal.With UV power increasing as well as temperature decreasing,NO removal efficiency rose.In addition,the mechanism research indicates that NO from flue gas is mostly converted to NO_(2)-,NO_(3)-,NH_(4)^(+),N_(2),and N_(2)O with Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA absorption liquid with UV irradiation.UV strengthens NO removal in Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA absorption liquid by forming a synergistic effect of oxidation-reduction-complexation.Finally,compared with NO removal methods with Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA,Fe^(Ⅱ)EDTA combined UV system shows prominent technology advantage in terms of economy and secondary pollution.

The emerging role of nitric oxide in the synaptic dysfunction of vascular dementia

With an increase in global aging,the number of people affected by cerebrovascular diseases is also increasing,and the incidence of vascular dementia-closely related to cerebrovascular risk-is increasing at an epidemic rate.However,few therapeutic options exist that can markedly improve the cognitive impairment and prognosis of vascular dementia patients.Similarly in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological disorders,synaptic dysfunction is recognized as the main reason for cognitive decline.Nitric oxide is one of the ubiquitous gaseous cellular messengers involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes of the central nervous system.Recently,nitric oxide has been implicated in regulating synaptic plasticity and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia.This review introduces in detail the emerging role of nitric oxide in physiological and pathological states of vascular dementia and summarizes the diverse effects of nitric oxide on different aspects of synaptic dysfunction,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,and blood-brain barrier dysfunction that underlie the progress of vascular dementia.Additionally,we propose that targeting the nitric oxide-sGC-cGMP pathway using certain specific approaches may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular dementia.

Layered Potassium Titanium Niobate/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite as a Potassium‑Ion Battery Anode

With graphite currently leading as the most viable anode for potassium-ion batteries(KIBs),other materials have been left relatively underexamined.Transition metal oxides are among these,with many positive attributes such as synthetic maturity,longterm cycling stability and fast redox kinetics.Therefore,to address this research deficiency we report herein a layered potassium titanium niobate KTiNbO5(KTNO)and its rGO nanocomposite(KTNO/rGO)synthesised via solvothermal methods as a high-performance anode for KIBs.Through effective distribution across the electrically conductive rGO,the electrochemical performance of the KTNO nanoparticles was enhanced.The potassium storage performance of the KTNO/rGO was demonstrated by its first charge capacity of 128.1 mAh g^(−1) and reversible capacity of 97.5 mAh g^(−1) after 500 cycles at 20 mA g^(−1),retaining 76.1%of the initial capacity,with an exceptional rate performance of 54.2 mAh g^(−1)at 1 A g^(−1).Furthermore,to investigate the attributes of KTNO in-situ XRD was performed,indicating a low-strain material.Ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectra further investigated the mechanism of charge storage,with the titanium showing greater redox reversibility than the niobium.This work suggests this lowstrain nature is a highly advantageous property and well worth regarding KTNO as a promising anode for future high-performance KIBs.

Metformin promotes angiogenesis and functional recovery in aged mice after spinal cord injury by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway

Treatment with metformin can lead to the recovery of pleiotropic biological activities after spinal cord injury.However,its effect on spinal cord injury in aged mice remains unclear.Considering the essential role of angiogenesis during the regeneration process,we hypothesized that metformin activates the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in endothelial cells,thereby promoting microvascular regeneration in aged mice after spinal cord injury.In this study,we established young and aged mouse models of contusive spinal cord injury using a modified Allen method.We found that aging hindered the recovery of neurological function and the formation of blood vessels in the spinal cord.Treatment with metformin promoted spinal cord microvascular endothelial cell migration and blood vessel formation in vitro.Furthermore,intraperitoneal injection of metformin in an in vivo model promoted endothelial cell proliferation and increased the density of new blood vessels in the spinal cord,thereby improving neurological function.The role of metformin was reversed by compound C,an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor,both in vivo and in vitro,suggesting that the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway likely regulates metformin-mediated angiogenesis after spinal cord injury.These findings suggest that metformin promotes vascular regeneration in the injured spinal cord by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway,thereby improving the neurological function of aged mice after spinal cord injury.

Operation room nursing based on humanized nursing mode combined with nitric oxide on rehabilitation effect after lung surgery

BACKGROUND With advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases,lung segment surgery has become increasingly common.Postoperative rehabilitation is critical for patient recovery,yet challenges such as complications and adverse outcomes persist.Incorporating humanized nursing modes and novel treatments like nitric oxide inhalation may enhance recovery and reduce postoperative complications.AIM To evaluate the effects of a humanized nursing mode combined with nitric oxide inhalation on the rehabilitation outcomes of patients undergoing lung surgery,focusing on pulmonary function,recovery speed,and overall treatment costs.METHODS A total of 79 patients who underwent lung surgery at a tertiary hospital from March 2021 to December 2021 were divided into a control group(n=39)receiving a routine nursing program and an experimental group(n=40)receiving additional humanized nursing interventions and atomized inhalation of nitric oxide.Key indicators were compared between the two groups alongside an analysis of treatment costs.RESULTS The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in pulmonary function,reduced average recovery time,and lower total treatment costs compared to the control group.Moreover,the quality of life in the experimental group was significantly better in the 3 months post-surgery,indicating a more effective rehabilitation process.CONCLUSION The combination of humanized nursing mode and nitric oxide inhalation in postoperative care for lung surgery patients significantly enhances pulmonary rehabilitation outcomes,accelerates recovery,and reduces economic burden.This approach offers a promising reference for improving patient care and rehabilitation efficiency following lung surgery.

Laser‑Induced and MOF‑Derived Metal Oxide/Carbon Composite for Synergistically Improved Ethanol Sensing at Room temperature

Advancements in sensor technology have significantly enhanced atmospheric monitoring.Notably,metal oxide and carbon(MO_(x)/C)hybrids have gained attention for their exceptional sensitivity and room-temperature sensing performance.However,previous methods of synthesizing MO_(x)/C composites suffer from problems,including inhomogeneity,aggregation,and challenges in micropatterning.Herein,we introduce a refined method that employs a metal–organic framework(MOF)as a precursor combined with direct laser writing.The inherent structure of MOFs ensures a uniform distribution of metal ions and organic linkers,yielding homogeneous MO_(x)/C structures.The laser processing facilitates precise micropatterning(<2μm,comparable to typical photolithography)of the MO_(x)/C crystals.The optimized MOF-derived MO_(x)/C sensor rapidly detected ethanol gas even at room temperature(105 and 18 s for response and recovery,respectively),with a broad range of sensing performance from 170 to 3,400 ppm and a high response value of up to 3,500%.Additionally,this sensor exhibited enhanced stability and thermal resilience compared to previous MOF-based counterparts.This research opens up promising avenues for practical applications in MOF-derived sensing devices.

Facile synthesis of Cu-doped manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve for the efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole via peroxymonosulfate activation

Advanced processes for peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based oxidation are efficient in eliminating toxic and refractory organic pol-lutants from sewage.The activation of electron-withdrawing HSO_(5)^(-)releases reactive species,including sulfate radical(·SO_(4)^(-)),hydroxyl radical(·OH),superoxide radical(·O_(2)^(-)),and singlet oxygen(1O_(2)),which can induce the degradation of organic contaminants.In this work,we synthesized a variety of M-OMS-2 nanorods(M=Co,Ni,Cu,Fe)by doping Co^(2+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+),or Fe^(3+)into manganese oxide oc-tahedral molecular sieve(OMS-2)to efficiently remove sulfamethoxazole(SMX)via PMS activation.The catalytic performance of M-OMS-2 in SMX elimination via PMS activation was assessed.The nanorods obtained in decreasing order of SMX removal rate were Cu-OMS-2(96.40%),Co-OMS-2(88.00%),Ni-OMS-2(87.20%),Fe-OMS-2(35.00%),and OMS-2(33.50%).Then,the kinetics and struc-ture-activity relationship of the M-OMS-2 nanorods during the elimination of SMX were investigated.The feasible mechanism underly-ing SMX degradation by the Cu-OMS-2/PMS system was further investigated with a quenching experiment,high-resolution mass spec-troscopy,and electron paramagnetic resonance.Results showed that SMX degradation efficiency was enhanced in seawater and tap water,demonstrating the potential application of Cu-OMS-2/PMS system in sewage treatment.

From concept to commercialization:A review of tubular solid oxide fuel cell technology

The reduced sealing difficulty of tubular solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)makes the stacking of tubular cell groups relatively easy,and the thermal stress constraints during stack operation are smaller,which helps the stack to operate stably for a long time.The special design of tubular SOFC structures can completely solve the problem of high-temperature sealing,especially in the design of multiple single-cell series integrated into one tube,where each cell tube is equivalent to a small electric stack,with unique characteristics of high voltage and low current output,which can significantly reduce the ohmic polarization loss of tubular cells.This paper provides an overview of typical tubular SOFC structural designs both domestically and internationally.Based on the geometric structure of tubular SOFCs,they can be divided into bamboo tubes,bamboo flat tubes,single-section tubes,and single-section flat tube structures.Meanwhile,this article provides an overview of commonly used materials and preparation methods for tubular SOFCs,including commonly used materials and preparation methods for support and functional layers,as well as a comparison of commonly used preparation methods for microtubule SOFCs,It introduced the three most important parts of building a fuel cell stack:manifold,current collector,and ceramic adhesive,and also provided a detailed introduction to the power generation systems of different tubular SOFCs,Finally,the development prospects of tubular SOFCs were discussed.

Enhancing the stability of Ni Fe-layered double hydroxide nanosheet array for alkaline seawater oxidation by Ce doping

Electrocatalytic hydrogen production from seawater holds enormous promise for clean energy generation.Nevertheless,the direct electrolysis of seawater encounters significant challenges due to poor anodic stability caused by detrimental chlorine chemistry.Herein,we present our recent discovery that the incorporation of Ce into Ni Fe layered double hydroxide nanosheet array on Ni foam(Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF)emerges as a robust electrocatalyst for seawater oxidation.During the seawater oxidation process,CeO_(2)is generated,effectively repelling Cl^(-)and inhibiting the formation of Cl O-,resulting in a notable enhancement in the oxidation activity and stability of alkaline seawater.The prepared Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF requires only overpotential of 390 m V to achieve the current density of 1 A cm^(-2),while maintaining long-term stability for 500 h,outperforming the performance of Ni Fe LDH/NF(430 m V,150 h)by a significant margin.This study highlights the effectiveness of a Ce-doping strategy in augmenting the activity and stability of materials based on Ni Fe LDH in seawater electrolysis for oxygen evolution.

Identification and Pathogen Stimulation Patterns of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase(nNOS)in Black Rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii)

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)was the producer of nitric oxide(NO)which played important gas messenger molecules in biological process.It also can take effect as immune regulation molecule in organism.Black rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii)is an important economic fish which were widely farmed in East Asia countries.Meanwhile,the pathogenic bacteria such as the Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum in seawater always brought serious obstacles to their healthy growth.In order to explore the expression pattern of n NOS gene under the pathogen stimulation and predict its immune function,the n NOS gene in black rockfish named Ssn NOS was identified.It was 3780 bp in length,located on chromosome 6,and contained 27 coding domain sequence(CDs).According to the phylogenetic analysis,the Ssn NOS showed closest relative to the counterpart gene of swamp eel(Monopterus albus).Meanwhile,analysis of Ssn NOS expression in various healthy tissues showed that Ssn NOS expression level was highest in healthy brain tissues,followed by intestinal tissues.In addition,Ssn NOS showed significant expression changes in response to stimulation by two pathogens.Particular in gill,the expression of Ssn NOS after pathogenic stimulation increased significantly.The Elisa analysis showed the Ssn NOS content in gills was much higher than that in other tissues at all time points.Moreover,the expression patterns of Ssn NOS in brain,intestine and kidney after stimulation by pathogens showed a distinct expression pattern which first down-regulated and then up-regulated.Therefore,the Ssn NOS may be an important signaling molecule for fish to respond rapidly in immune stimulation.

Nanocomposite superstructure of zinc oxide mesocrystal/reduced graphene oxide with effective photoconductivity

Metal oxide mesocrystals are the alignment of metal oxide nanoparticles building blocks into the ordered superstructure,which have potentially tunable optical,electronic,and electrical properties suitable for practical applications.Herein,we report an effective method for synthesizing mesocrystal zinc oxide nanorods(ZnONRs).The crystal,surface,and internal structures of the zinc oxide mesocrystals were fully characterized.Mesocrystal zinc oxide nanorods/reduced graphene oxide(ZnONRs/rGO)nanocomposite superstructure were synthesized also using the hydrothermal method.The crystal,surface,chemical,and internal structures of the ZnONRs/rGO nanocomposite superstructure were also fully characterized.The optical absorption coefficient,bandgap energy,band structure,and electrical conductivity of the ZnONRs/rGO nanocomposite superstructure were investigated to understand its optoelectronic and electrical properties.Finally,the photoconductivity of the ZnONRs/rGO nanocomposite superstructure was explored to find the possibilities of using this nanocomposite superstructure for ultraviolet(UV)photodetection applications.Finally,we concluded that the ZnONRs/rGO nanocomposite superstructure has high UV sensitivity and is suitable for UV detector applications.

Fabrication of graphene oxide decorated with poly(dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate) brush for efficient Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption from aqueous solution

Confronting the severe health threats and environmental impacts of Cr(Ⅵ) in aquatic environments demands innovative and effective remediation approaches. In this study, Graphene oxide(GO)-decorated poly(dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate)(PDMAEMA) brush nanocomposites(GOP1, GOP2, GOP3, and GOP4) were fabricated using atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP) by the “graft from” method.The resulting nanocomposites were utilized for removing Cr(Ⅵ) with good adsorption performance due to the electrostatic interaction of protonated nitrogen groups in the brush chains with negatively charged particles in the solution. The kinetic model of pseudo-second-order best represented the contaminants' adsorption characteristics. The Weber-Morris model further indicated that surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms primarily controlled the adsorption procedure. Additionally, the Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models were found to most accurately represent the adsorption characteristics of the pollutants on the nanocomposites, and GOP4 can achieve the maximum adsorption capacity of 164.4 mg·g^(-1). The adsorbents' capacity maintains above 85% after five cycles of adsorption-desorption. The nanocomposites in this study demonstrate promising potential for eliminating Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solutions.

β-Cyclodextrin-Based Nitrosoglutathione Improves the Storage Quality of Peach by Regulating the Metabolism of Endogenous Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Phenylpropane

Nitrosoglutathione(GSNO)andβ-cyclodextrin(β-CD)exhibit positive roles in regulating fruit quality.However,there are few reports about the effects of GSNO andβ-CD on enhancing storability and boosting nitric oxide(NO),hydrogen sulfide(H2S),and phenylpropane metabolism in fruits during storage.“Xintaihong”peach were treated with 0.5,1.0,1.5mmol L−1 GSNO in 0.5%(w/v)β-CD solution(GSNO/β-CD).The effects of GSNO/β-CD on endogenous NO,H2S,and phenylpropane metabolism were investigated.Treatment with GSNO/β-CD increased the color difference of peach and inhibited the increase of respiratory intensity,weight loss,and relative conductivity.Treatment with 1.0 mmol L−1 GSNO/β-CD increased the nitric oxide synthase(NOS-like)activity and L-arginine content,thereby promoting the accumulation of endogenous NO.By improving the activities of L-cysteine desulfhydrylase(L-CD),O-acetylserine sulfur lyase(OAS-TL),serine acetyltransferase(SAT),GSNO/β-CD increased the content of endogenous H2S in peach.Treatment with GSNO/β-CD increased the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL),4-coumarate-CoA ligase(4CL),and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase(C4H),promoted the increase of total phenols,flavonoids,and lignin in peach.These results indicated that GSNO/β-CD treatment better maintained the quality of peach by improving the metabolism of endogenous NO,H2S,and phenylpropane during storage.

An effective strategy of constructing multi-metallic oxides of ZnO/ CoNiO_(2)/CoO/C microflowers for improved supercapacitive performance

In this work,a new ZnO/CoNiO_(2)/CoO/C metal oxides composite is prepared by cost-effective hydrothermal method coupled with annealing process under N_(2) atmosphere.Notably,the oxidation-defect annealing environment is conducive to both morphology and component of the composite,which flower-like ZnO/CoNiO_(2)/CoO/C is obtained.Benefited from good chemical stability of ZnO,high energy capacity of CoNiO_(2) and CoO and good conductivity of C,the as-prepared sample shows promising electrochemical behavior,including the specific capacity of 1435 C·g^(-1) at 1 A·g^(-1),capacity retention of 87.3%at 20 A·g^(-1),and cycling stability of 90.5%for 3000 cycles at 5 A·g^(-1),respectively.Furthermore,the prepared ZnO/CoNiO_(2)/CoO/C/NF//AC aqueous hybrid supercapacitors device delivers the best specific energy of 55.9 W·h·kg^(-1) at 850 W·kg^(-1).The results reflect that the as-prepared ZnO/CoNiO_(2)/CoO/C microflowers are considered as high performance electrode materials for supercapacitor,and the strategy mentioned in this paper is benefit to prepare mixed metal oxides composite for energy conversion and storage.

Mussel-inspired Methacrylic Gelatin-dopamine/Ag Nanoparticles/Graphene Oxide Hydrogels with Improved Adhesive and Antibacterial Properties for Applications as Wound Dressings

A novel strategy was developed to prepare the methacrylic gelatin-dopamine(GelMA-DA)/Ag nanoparticles(NPs)/graphene oxide(GO) composite hydrogels with good biocompatibility,mechanical properties,and antibacterial activity.Mussel-inspired DA was utilized to modify the GelMA molecules,which imparts good adhesive performance to the hydrogels.GO,interfacial enhancer,not only improves mechanical properties of the hydrogels,but also provides anchor sites for loading Ag NPs through numerous oxygencontaining functional groups on the surface.The experimental results show that the GelMA/Ag NPs/GO hydrogels have good biocompatibility,and exhibit a swelling rate of 202±16%,the lap shear strength of 147±17 kPa,and compressive modulus of 136±53 kPa,in the case of the Ag NPs/GO content of 2 mg/mL.Antibacterial activity of the hydrogels against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria is dependent on the Ag NPs/GO content derived from the release of Ag^(+).Furthermore,the GelMA/Ag NPs/GO hydrogels possess good adhesive ability,which is resistant to highly twisted state when stuck on the surface of pigskin.These results demonstrate promising potential of the GelMA-DA/Ag NPs/GO hydrogels as wound dressings for biomedical applications in clinical and emergent treatment.

Nanoparticle Exsolution on Perovskite Oxides:Insights into Mechanism,Characteristics and Novel Strategies

Supported nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention as a promising catalyst for achieving unique properties in numerous applications,including fuel cells,chemical conversion,and batteries.Nanocatalysts demonstrate high activity by expanding the number of active sites,but they also intensify deactivation issues,such as agglomeration and poisoning,simultaneously.Exsolution for bottomup synthesis of supported nanoparticles has emerged as a breakthrough technique to overcome limitations associated with conventional nanomaterials.Nanoparticles are uniformly exsolved from perovskite oxide supports and socketed into the oxide support by a one-step reduction process.Their uniformity and stability,resulting from the socketed structure,play a crucial role in the development of novel nanocatalysts.Recently,tremendous research efforts have been dedicated to further controlling exsolution particles.To effectively address exsolution at a more precise level,understanding the underlying mechanism is essential.This review presents a comprehensive overview of the exsolution mechanism,with a focus on its driving force,processes,properties,and synergetic strategies,as well as new pathways for optimizing nanocatalysts in diverse applications.

Diagnostic role of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis, relationship with gastric and duodenal eosinophils

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis(EoE)is an eosinophilic-predominant inflammation of the esophagus diagnosed by upper endoscopy and biopsies.A non-invasive and cost-effective alternative for management of EoE is being researched.Previous studies assessing utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO)in EoE were low powered.None investigated the contribution of eosinophilic inflammation of the stomach and duodenum to FeNO.AIM To assess the utility of FeNO as a non-invasive biomarker of esophageal eosinophilic inflammation for monitoring disease activity.METHODS Patients aged 6-21 years undergoing scheduled upper endoscopy with biopsy for suspected EoE were recruited in our observational study.Patients on steroids and with persistent asthma requiring daily controller medication were excluded.FeNO measurements were obtained in duplicate using a chemiluminescence nitric oxide analyzer(NIOX MINO,Aerocrine,Inc.;Stockholm,Sweden)prior to endoscopy.Based on the esophageal peak eosinophil count(PEC)/high power field on biopsy,patients were classified as EoE(PEC≥15)or control(PEC≤14).Mean FeNO levels were correlated with presence or absence of EoE,eosinophil counts on esophageal biopsy,and abnormal downstream eosinophilia in the stomach(PEC≥10)and duodenum(PEC≥20).Wilcoxon rank-sum test,Spearman correlation,and logistic regression were used for analysis.P value<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS We recruited a total of 134 patients,of which 45 were diagnosed with EoE by histopathology.The median interquartile range FeNO level was 17 parts per billion(11-37,range:7-81)in the EoE group and 12 parts per billion(8-19,range:5-71)in the control group.After adjusting for atopic diseases,EoE patients had significantly higher FeNO levels as compared to patients without EoE(Z=3.33,P<0.001).A weak yet statistically significant positive association was found between the number of esophageal eosinophils and FeNO levels(r=0.30,P<0.005).On subgroup analysis within the EoE cohort,higher FeNO levels were noted in patients with abnormal gastric(n=23,18 vs 15)and duodenal eosinophilia(n=28,21 vs 14);however,the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION After ruling out atopy as possible confounder,we found significantly higher FeNO levels in the EoE cohort than in the control group.

Lithium cation-doped tungsten oxide as a bidirectional nanocatalyst for lithium-sulfur batteries with high areal capacity

Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries are promising for high energy-storage applications but suffer from sluggish conversion reaction kinetics and substantial lithium sulfide(Li_(2)S) oxidation barrier,especially under high sulfur loadings.Here,we report a Li cation-doped tungsten oxide(Li_(x)WO_(x)) electrocatalyst that efficiently accelerates the S■HLi_(2)S interconversion kinetics.The incorporation of Li dopants into WO_(x) cationic vacancies enables bidirectional electrocatalytic activity for both polysulfide reduction and Li_(2)S oxidation,along with enhanced Li^(+) diffusion.In conjunction with theoretical calculations,it is discovered that the improved electrocatalytic activity originates from the Li dopant-induced geometric and electronic structural optimization of the Li_(x)WO_(x),which promotes the anchoring of sulfur species at favourable adsorption sites while facilitating the charge transfer kinetics.Consequently,Li-S cells with the Li_(x)WO_(x) bidirectional electrocatalyst show stable cycling performance and high sulfur utilization under high sulfur loadings.Our approach provides insights into cation engineering as an effective electrocatalyst design strategy for advancing high-performance Li-S batteries.