Field experiments were conducted at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan, during winter 2003~2004 and 2004~2005 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and sulfur levels and methods of nitrogen app...Field experiments were conducted at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan, during winter 2003~2004 and 2004~2005 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and sulfur levels and methods of nitrogen application on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Bulbul-98) under rainfed conditions. Four levels of S (0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha) and three levels of N (40, 60, and 80 kg/ha) and a control treatment with both nutrients at zero level were included in the experiments. Sulfur levels were applied at sowing while N levels were applied by three methods (100% soil application, 90% soil+10% foliar application, and 80% soil +20% foliar application). The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design having four replications. Oil content increased significantly up to 20 kg S/ha but further increase in S level did not enhance oil content. Glucosinolate content increased from 13.6 to 24.6 μmol/g as S rate was increased from 0 to 30 kg/ha. Protein content increased from 22.4% to 23.2% as S rate was increased from 0 to 20 kg/ha. Oil content responded negatively to the increasing N levels. The highest N level resulted in the highest values for protein (23.5%) and glucosinolate (19.9 μmol/g) contents. Methods of N application had no significant impact on any parameters under study.展开更多
Bisphenol A(BPA)has received increasing attention due to its long-term industrial application and persistence in environmental pollution.Iron-based carbon catalyst activation of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)shows a good pros...Bisphenol A(BPA)has received increasing attention due to its long-term industrial application and persistence in environmental pollution.Iron-based carbon catalyst activation of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)shows a good prospect for effective elimination of recalcitrant contaminants in water.Herein,considering the problem about the leaching of iron ions and the optimization of heteroatoms doping,the iron,nitrogen and sulfur co-doped tremellalike carbon catalyst(Fe-NS@C)was rationally designed using very little iron,S-C_(3)N_(4) and low-cost chitosan(CS)via the impregnation-calcination method.The as-prepared Fe-NS@C exhibited excellent performance for complete removal of BPA(20 mg/L)by activating PMS with the high kinetic constant(1.492 min^(−1))in 15 min.Besides,the Fe-NS@C/PMS system not only possessed wide pH adaptation and high resistance to environmental interference,but also maintained an excellent degradation efficiency on different pollutants.Impressively,increased S-C_(3)N_(4) doping amount modulated the contents of different N species in Fe-NS@C,and the catalytic activity of Fe-NS@C-1-x was visibly enhanced with increasing SC_(3)N_(4) contents,verifying pyridine N and Fe-Nx as main active sites in the system.Meanwhile,thiophene sulfur(C-S-C)as active sites played an auxiliary role.Furthermore,quenching experiment,EPR analysis and electrochemical test proved that surface-bound radicals(·OH and SO_(4)^(·−))and non-radical pathways worked in the BPA degradation(the former played a dominant role).Finally,possible BPA degradation route were proposed.This work provided a promising way to synthesize the novel Fe,N and S co-doping carbon catalyst for degrading organic pollutants with low metal leaching and high catalytic ability.展开更多
The effects of CO2 enrichment on the growth and glucosinolate (GS) concentrations in the bolting stem of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L.) treated with three nitrogen (N) concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mmol/L) were...The effects of CO2 enrichment on the growth and glucosinolate (GS) concentrations in the bolting stem of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L.) treated with three nitrogen (N) concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mmol/L) were investigated. Height, stem thickness, and dry weights of the total aerial parts, bolting stems, and roots, as well as the root to shoot ratio, significantly increased as CO2 concentration was elevated from 350 to 800 μl/L at each N concentration. In the edible part of the bolting stem, 11 individual GSs were identified, including 7 aliphatic and 4 indolyl GSs. GS concentration was affected by the elevated CO2 concentration, N concentration, and CO2×N interaction. At 5 and 10 mmol N/L, the concentrations of aliphatic GSs and total GSs significantly increased, whereas those of indolyl GSs were not affected, by elevated atmospheric CO2. However, at 20 mmol N/L, elevated CO2 had no significant effects on the concentrations of total GSs and total indolyl GSs, but the concentrations of total aliphatic GSs significantly increased. Moreover, the bolting stem carbon (C) content increased, whereas the N and sulfur (S) contents decreased under elevated CO2 concentration in the three N treatments, resulting in changes in the C/N and N/S ratios. Also the C/N ratio is not a reliable predictor of change of GS concentration, while the changes in N and S contents and the N/S ratio at the elevated CO2 concentration may influence the GS concentration in Chinese kale bolting stems. The results demonstrate that high nitrogen supply is beneficial for the growth of Chinese kale, but not for the GS concentration in bolting stems, under elevated CO2 condition.展开更多
分别以NO_3^-和NO-2为氮源,在9个不同N/S值条件下进行厌氧脱氮除硫试验。结果表明:当N/S值>0.67时,硝酸盐体系的出水硫化物浓度均小于1.0 mg/L,硫化物去除率达99%,脱硫速度明显高于亚硝酸盐体系,即N_3^-是脱硫最佳的电子受体。硫化...分别以NO_3^-和NO-2为氮源,在9个不同N/S值条件下进行厌氧脱氮除硫试验。结果表明:当N/S值>0.67时,硝酸盐体系的出水硫化物浓度均小于1.0 mg/L,硫化物去除率达99%,脱硫速度明显高于亚硝酸盐体系,即N_3^-是脱硫最佳的电子受体。硫化物加速了对NO-2的去除,即使将N/S值提高为4,对NO-2的去除率仍高达99%,硫化物是去除NO-2适宜的电子供体。硝酸盐体系的出水单质硫浓度明显高于亚硝酸盐体系,亚硝酸盐不利于单质硫富集。硝酸盐体系的N/S值从0.2增大为1时,大部分的N_3^-被转化为N2(产生氮气14~58 m L);而当硫化物不足时(N/S值从1继续增大为4),NO_3^-不能被全部转化为N2。对于亚硝酸盐体系而言,去除的NO-2基本全部生成N2。当NO-2受限时(N/S值<0.4)产生了大量的N2(48 m L),此时部分进水氨氮可能被去除。硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐体系中,硫化物过量时(N/S值=0.2),电子数的差均较高,分别为59%和66%;二者分别在N/S值为1、2时,电子数的差为零,电子得失达到平衡。展开更多
南海北部东沙海区是天然气水合物有利远景区,关于其甲烷厌氧氧化作用(AOM)的沉积记录研究相对较少,不利于探讨东沙海区甲烷渗漏与该海区气候环境演化的耦合关系。本研究通过对南海北部东沙海区D7和DSF两根沉积柱的总硫含量(TS)、硫碳比...南海北部东沙海区是天然气水合物有利远景区,关于其甲烷厌氧氧化作用(AOM)的沉积记录研究相对较少,不利于探讨东沙海区甲烷渗漏与该海区气候环境演化的耦合关系。本研究通过对南海北部东沙海区D7和DSF两根沉积柱的总硫含量(TS)、硫碳比值(S/C)、正构烷烃、甘油二烷基甘油四醚(GDGTs)类化合物的分析,重建了东沙海区自11.3 ka BP以来甲烷厌氧氧化作用的沉积记录和海水表层温度(SST)。两根沉积柱的TS、S/C值、GDGT-0、古菌醇和甲烷指数值(MI)的剖面变化表明东沙海区在6.4~7.5 ka BP和0.75~1.3 ka BP时发生了AOM作用,在4.0~4.2kaBP时可能发生了AOM作用,存在甲烷渗漏现象。由TEX;重建的SST显示该海区早全新世SST持续上升,晚全新世SST呈下降趋势,推测自11.3 ka BP以来东沙海区存在小范围的甲烷渗漏,但释放的甲烷并没有导致该海区表层水体温度显著升高。展开更多
基金the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan
文摘Field experiments were conducted at Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan, during winter 2003~2004 and 2004~2005 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and sulfur levels and methods of nitrogen application on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Bulbul-98) under rainfed conditions. Four levels of S (0, 10, 20, and 30 kg/ha) and three levels of N (40, 60, and 80 kg/ha) and a control treatment with both nutrients at zero level were included in the experiments. Sulfur levels were applied at sowing while N levels were applied by three methods (100% soil application, 90% soil+10% foliar application, and 80% soil +20% foliar application). The experiments were laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design having four replications. Oil content increased significantly up to 20 kg S/ha but further increase in S level did not enhance oil content. Glucosinolate content increased from 13.6 to 24.6 μmol/g as S rate was increased from 0 to 30 kg/ha. Protein content increased from 22.4% to 23.2% as S rate was increased from 0 to 20 kg/ha. Oil content responded negatively to the increasing N levels. The highest N level resulted in the highest values for protein (23.5%) and glucosinolate (19.9 μmol/g) contents. Methods of N application had no significant impact on any parameters under study.
基金This work was supported by the Major special projects of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2020ZDZX0020).
文摘Bisphenol A(BPA)has received increasing attention due to its long-term industrial application and persistence in environmental pollution.Iron-based carbon catalyst activation of peroxymonosulfate(PMS)shows a good prospect for effective elimination of recalcitrant contaminants in water.Herein,considering the problem about the leaching of iron ions and the optimization of heteroatoms doping,the iron,nitrogen and sulfur co-doped tremellalike carbon catalyst(Fe-NS@C)was rationally designed using very little iron,S-C_(3)N_(4) and low-cost chitosan(CS)via the impregnation-calcination method.The as-prepared Fe-NS@C exhibited excellent performance for complete removal of BPA(20 mg/L)by activating PMS with the high kinetic constant(1.492 min^(−1))in 15 min.Besides,the Fe-NS@C/PMS system not only possessed wide pH adaptation and high resistance to environmental interference,but also maintained an excellent degradation efficiency on different pollutants.Impressively,increased S-C_(3)N_(4) doping amount modulated the contents of different N species in Fe-NS@C,and the catalytic activity of Fe-NS@C-1-x was visibly enhanced with increasing SC_(3)N_(4) contents,verifying pyridine N and Fe-Nx as main active sites in the system.Meanwhile,thiophene sulfur(C-S-C)as active sites played an auxiliary role.Furthermore,quenching experiment,EPR analysis and electrochemical test proved that surface-bound radicals(·OH and SO_(4)^(·−))and non-radical pathways worked in the BPA degradation(the former played a dominant role).Finally,possible BPA degradation route were proposed.This work provided a promising way to synthesize the novel Fe,N and S co-doping carbon catalyst for degrading organic pollutants with low metal leaching and high catalytic ability.
基金Project (No. 2007CB109305) supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China
文摘The effects of CO2 enrichment on the growth and glucosinolate (GS) concentrations in the bolting stem of Chinese kale (Brassica alboglabra L.) treated with three nitrogen (N) concentrations (5, 10, and 20 mmol/L) were investigated. Height, stem thickness, and dry weights of the total aerial parts, bolting stems, and roots, as well as the root to shoot ratio, significantly increased as CO2 concentration was elevated from 350 to 800 μl/L at each N concentration. In the edible part of the bolting stem, 11 individual GSs were identified, including 7 aliphatic and 4 indolyl GSs. GS concentration was affected by the elevated CO2 concentration, N concentration, and CO2×N interaction. At 5 and 10 mmol N/L, the concentrations of aliphatic GSs and total GSs significantly increased, whereas those of indolyl GSs were not affected, by elevated atmospheric CO2. However, at 20 mmol N/L, elevated CO2 had no significant effects on the concentrations of total GSs and total indolyl GSs, but the concentrations of total aliphatic GSs significantly increased. Moreover, the bolting stem carbon (C) content increased, whereas the N and sulfur (S) contents decreased under elevated CO2 concentration in the three N treatments, resulting in changes in the C/N and N/S ratios. Also the C/N ratio is not a reliable predictor of change of GS concentration, while the changes in N and S contents and the N/S ratio at the elevated CO2 concentration may influence the GS concentration in Chinese kale bolting stems. The results demonstrate that high nitrogen supply is beneficial for the growth of Chinese kale, but not for the GS concentration in bolting stems, under elevated CO2 condition.
文摘分别以NO_3^-和NO-2为氮源,在9个不同N/S值条件下进行厌氧脱氮除硫试验。结果表明:当N/S值>0.67时,硝酸盐体系的出水硫化物浓度均小于1.0 mg/L,硫化物去除率达99%,脱硫速度明显高于亚硝酸盐体系,即N_3^-是脱硫最佳的电子受体。硫化物加速了对NO-2的去除,即使将N/S值提高为4,对NO-2的去除率仍高达99%,硫化物是去除NO-2适宜的电子供体。硝酸盐体系的出水单质硫浓度明显高于亚硝酸盐体系,亚硝酸盐不利于单质硫富集。硝酸盐体系的N/S值从0.2增大为1时,大部分的N_3^-被转化为N2(产生氮气14~58 m L);而当硫化物不足时(N/S值从1继续增大为4),NO_3^-不能被全部转化为N2。对于亚硝酸盐体系而言,去除的NO-2基本全部生成N2。当NO-2受限时(N/S值<0.4)产生了大量的N2(48 m L),此时部分进水氨氮可能被去除。硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐体系中,硫化物过量时(N/S值=0.2),电子数的差均较高,分别为59%和66%;二者分别在N/S值为1、2时,电子数的差为零,电子得失达到平衡。
文摘南海北部东沙海区是天然气水合物有利远景区,关于其甲烷厌氧氧化作用(AOM)的沉积记录研究相对较少,不利于探讨东沙海区甲烷渗漏与该海区气候环境演化的耦合关系。本研究通过对南海北部东沙海区D7和DSF两根沉积柱的总硫含量(TS)、硫碳比值(S/C)、正构烷烃、甘油二烷基甘油四醚(GDGTs)类化合物的分析,重建了东沙海区自11.3 ka BP以来甲烷厌氧氧化作用的沉积记录和海水表层温度(SST)。两根沉积柱的TS、S/C值、GDGT-0、古菌醇和甲烷指数值(MI)的剖面变化表明东沙海区在6.4~7.5 ka BP和0.75~1.3 ka BP时发生了AOM作用,在4.0~4.2kaBP时可能发生了AOM作用,存在甲烷渗漏现象。由TEX;重建的SST显示该海区早全新世SST持续上升,晚全新世SST呈下降趋势,推测自11.3 ka BP以来东沙海区存在小范围的甲烷渗漏,但释放的甲烷并没有导致该海区表层水体温度显著升高。
