Genetically modified pigs:Emerging animal models for hereditary hearing loss

Hereditary hearing loss(HHL),a genetic disorder that impairs auditory function,significantly affects quality of life and incurs substantial economic losses for society.To investigate the underlying causes of HHL and evaluate therapeutic outcomes,appropriate animal models are necessary.Pigs have been extensively used as valuable large animal models in biomedical research.In this review,we highlight the advantages of pig models in terms of ear anatomy,inner ear morphology,and electrophysiological characteristics,as well as recent advancements in the development of distinct genetically modified porcine models of hearing loss.Additionally,we discuss the prospects,challenges,and recommendations regarding the use pig models in HHL research.Overall,this review provides insights and perspectives for future studies on HHL using porcine models.

Effects of Drilling in Mastoid Cavity over Hearing in the Contralateral Ear

In advanced otological surgeries, powered instruments form an indispensable part. The risk of deterioration to hearing in the operated ear is a commonly discussed issue, however, there remains a possibility of affecting the hearing in the contralateral ear due to transcranial vibration. So in this study we aimed to assess the possibility of the non-operated ear being affected by the noise generated during ear surgeries and whether it is temporary or permanent in nature. Methodology: This study included 63 patients diagnosed with unilateral disease who underwent mastoid surgery. Preoperatively all the patients were subjected to Pure tone audiometry (PTA), Transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Patients were operated using both cutting and diamond burrs of ranging from sizes 1 - 6 mm. Total drilling time was recorded. Results: Post-operative hearing evaluation was done at 1 week, 4 weeks and 12 weeks. The sound emitted by various burrs was recorded by Sound Level Meter. Out of the total 58 patients that followed up, 46 showed change in at least one of the hearing parameters. Patients showing changes had a higher drilling time as compared to those with no changes. Of these, the changes associated with the total drilling time and with cutting burr time were found to be significant. The hearing changes seen on PTA, TEOAE and DPOAE were transient in nature with only one patient having a persistent decreased high frequency threshold at the end of 12 weeks. It was also found that cutting burrs produce more sound as compared to diamond burrs and a larger size burr of a type produces more sound than a smaller one of its type. Conclusion: The drilling of mastoid bone during ear surgeries can transiently impair the hearing in the contralateral ear which is of great significance in patients with only one hearing ear.

Evaluation of the Effect and Efficiency of Ear Tip Bloodletting Combined with Xianfang Huoming Yin in the Treatment of Early-Stage Wheals

Objective:To evaluate the effect and efficiency of ear tip bloodletting combined with Xianfang Huoming Yin(XFH)in the treatment of early-stage wheals.Methods:70 patients with early-stage wheals admitted from September 2020 to September 2022 were divided into two groups by randomized numerical table method,with 35 cases/group.Both groups received conventional treatment,the control group combined with XFH,and the observation group combined with ear tip bloodletting therapy and XFH.Conscious symptom scores,ocular indexes,therapeutic effects,and sleep quality between the two groups were compared.Results:After the treatment,the patients in the observation group had lower self-awareness symptom scores and sleep quality scores as compared to those in the control group;the diameter of the mass in the observation group was smaller than that of the control group after treatment;the average tear film rupture time and the time taken for the first non-contact tear film to rupture were longer in the observation group than those in the control group;the total effective rate of the treatment in the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ear tip bloodletting combined with XFH was ideal for the treatment of early-stage wheals and has a high effective rate.

EARS计划在结直肠癌外科患者中的应用效果分析

目的对结直肠癌外科患者治疗过程中,快速康复(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)计划的应用价值进行分析。方法选择2020年7月1日—2022年3月1日常德市第一人民医院普通外科结直肠癌患者150例,按随机数字表法分为研究组与对照组,每组各75例,分别对患者进行传统开腹手术+EARS计划与传统开腹手术治疗,分析两组并发症、炎症因子水平、首次下床活动时间、进食时间、术后住院天数、排气时间、排便时间、满意度。结果研究组术后住院天数、排便、首次下床活动、进食、排气时间等指标均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗有效率比较,研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组并发症发生率高于研究组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组炎症因子水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论EARS计划推广价值较高,可以抑制炎症因子水平,提升治疗效果,预后效果显著。

Fine-Grained Soft Ear Biometrics for Augmenting Human Recognition

Human recognition technology based on biometrics has become a fundamental requirement in all aspects of life due to increased concerns about security and privacy issues.Therefore,biometric systems have emerged as a technology with the capability to identify or authenticate individuals based on their physiological and behavioral characteristics.Among different viable biometric modalities,the human ear structure can offer unique and valuable discriminative characteristics for human recognition systems.In recent years,most existing traditional ear recognition systems have been designed based on computer vision models and have achieved successful results.Nevertheless,such traditional models can be sensitive to several unconstrained environmental factors.As such,some traits may be difficult to extract automatically but can still be semantically perceived as soft biometrics.This research proposes a new group of semantic features to be used as soft ear biometrics,mainly inspired by conventional descriptive traits used naturally by humans when identifying or describing each other.Hence,the research study is focused on the fusion of the soft ear biometric traits with traditional(hard)ear biometric features to investigate their validity and efficacy in augmenting human identification performance.The proposed framework has two subsystems:first,a computer vision-based subsystem,extracting traditional(hard)ear biometric traits using principal component analysis(PCA)and local binary patterns(LBP),and second,a crowdsourcing-based subsystem,deriving semantic(soft)ear biometric traits.Several feature-level fusion experiments were conducted using the AMI database to evaluate the proposed algorithm’s performance.The obtained results for both identification and verification showed that the proposed soft ear biometric information significantly improved the recognition performance of traditional ear biometrics,reaching up to 12%for LBP and 5%for PCA descriptors;when fusing all three capacities PCA,LBP,and soft traits using k-nearest neighbors(KNN)classifier.

Barley FASCIATED EAR genes determine inflorescence meristem size and yield traits

In flowering plants,the inflorescence meristem(IM)provides founder cells to form successive floral meristems,which are precursors of fruits and seeds.The activity and developmental progression of IM are thus critical for yield production in seed crops.In some cereals,such as rice(Oryza sativa)and maize(Zea mays),the size of undifferentiated IM,which is located at the inflorescence apex,is positively associated with yield traits such as spikelet number.However,the relationship between IM size and yieldrelated spike traits remains unknown in the Triticeae tribe.Here we report that IM size has a negative correlation with yield traits in barley(Hordeum vulgare).Three FASCIATED EAR(FEA)orthologs,HvFEA2,HvFEA3,and HvFEA4,regulate IM size and spike morphogenesis and ultimately affect yield traits.Three HvFEAs genes are highly expressed in developing spikes,and all three loss-of-function mutants exhibit enlarged IM size,shortened spikes,and reduced spikelet number,which may lead to reduced grain yield.Natural variations identified in HvFEAs indicate selection events during barley domestication.We further reveal that HvFEA4,as a transcription factor,potentially targets multiple pathways during reproductive development,including transcriptional control,phytohormone signaling,and redox status.The roles of barley FEA genes in limiting IM size and promoting spikelet formation suggest the potential of increasing yield by manipulating IM activity.

Viability and hatchability of brine shrimp Artemia franciscana cysts after passing through the digestive system of eared grebes Podiceps nigricollis

Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana provide food for many migrating and staging birds that spend summer and fall on Great Salt Lake,Utah,USA.Artemia produce live young and cysts(hard-walled eggs);these cysts are commercially harvested on Great Salt Lake and support a large industry in Utah.It is unclear the impact that millions of hungry birds have on the Artemia population in the lake.To help assess that,this study evaluated cyst viability(percentage of cysts that contain an embryo)and hatchability(percent of cysts that hatch)from cysts that had passed through the digestive tract of eared grebes Podiceps nigricollis and cysts obtained directly from Great Salt Lake at the same site where each grebe was collected.Hatchability was significantly higher for cysts collected from the water column(19%)than from the stomach(0.3%)or intestines(3%)of eared grebes.Viability also was significantly different for cysts collected from the water column(29%),stomach(0.7%),and intestines(5%).These results indicate that eared grebes nutritionally benefit from eating cysts and that they may be an important food source for grebes in late fall after the adult population of Artemia dies off due to the water becoming too cold.Also,enough cysts survive their passage through the digestive system that grebes can vector hatchable cysts to other waterbodies.

Hyaluronic acid injection in the auricular base for the aesthetic correction of lying ears:A retrospective study

Background Ears play an important role in facial profiles.Lying ears are not perceived favorably in Asian cultures;therefore,surgical procedures are implemented to adjust this defect.However,surgery has complications and requires recovery time.We introduced a hyaluronic acid(HA)injection technique to aesthetically improve ear prominence.Methods This retrospective study examined 25 Chinese patients aged 20-47 years with congenital lying ears who received HA injections in the auricular base at Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital and Hangzhou Yijie Medical Cosmetology Clinic between November 2019 and December 2022.The average injection volume was 6.32​±​1.22 mL in the auricular base unilaterally,and the follow-up time ranged from 6 to 24 months.Morphological measurement data were recorded.Two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)images were obtained to evaluate the effects.Results All patients showed improvements in ear prominence.The cranioauricular angle(CAA)increased from 22.24°​±​4.53°to 65.90°​±​5.38°immediately post-injection and was maintained at 49.18°​±​4.74°6 months later.The ear projection(EP)increased from 14.75​±​2.72 mm to 26.26​±​2.94 mm immediately post-injection and was 22.51​±​2.68 mm after 6 months.No serious complications were noted.Conclusion HA injection in the auricular base effectively corrected the lying ears and aesthetically optimized the facial profile.It also had a face-lift effect that made the face look younger and more compact.The injection procedure was minimally invasive and required no recovery period.The effect was maintained for a long time and was satisfactory.

A Novel Fusion System Based on Iris and Ear Biometrics for E-exams

With the rapid spread of the coronavirus epidemic all over the world,educational and other institutions are heading towards digitization.In the era of digitization,identifying educational e-platform users using ear and iris based multi-modal biometric systems constitutes an urgent and interesting research topic to pre-serve enterprise security,particularly with wearing a face mask as a precaution against the new coronavirus epidemic.This study proposes a multimodal system based on ear and iris biometrics at the feature fusion level to identify students in electronic examinations(E-exams)during the COVID-19 pandemic.The proposed system comprises four steps.Thefirst step is image preprocessing,which includes enhancing,segmenting,and extracting the regions of interest.The second step is feature extraction,where the Haralick texture and shape methods are used to extract the features of ear images,whereas Tamura texture and color histogram methods are used to extract the features of iris images.The third step is feature fusion,where the extracted features of the ear and iris images are combined into one sequential fused vector.The fourth step is the matching,which is executed using the City Block Dis-tance(CTB)for student identification.Thefindings of the study indicate that the system’s recognition accuracy is 97%,with a 2%False Acceptance Rate(FAR),a 4%False Rejection Rate(FRR),a 94%Correct Recognition Rate(CRR),and a 96%Genuine Acceptance Rate(GAR).In addition,the proposed recognition sys-tem achieved higher accuracy than other related systems.

Acute Mastoiditis Clinical Course and Management in Patients Presented to Khartoumar Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital during the Period from November 2017 to November 2019

Introduction: Acute mastoiditis is the most common complication of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) and it’s the cause of serious morbidity. There is no standard universally agreed-upon management approach to acute mastoiditis. This study aims to view the clinical presentation and management approaches in Khartoum Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital. Methodology: This is a prospective case series and a hospital-based study conducted at Khartoum Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital during the period from November 2017 to November 2019. A total of 61 patients were included in the study. Results: The median age at presentation is 5 years old, males are more affected than females with a ratio of 1.35:1, and the mean duration of symptoms prior to hospital admission was 9.6 days. The most common presenting symptoms were otalgia (83.3%), ear discharge (83.3%) and post-auricular swelling (83.3%), and the most common signs at admission were tenderness over the mastoid (95.1%), retroauricular swelling and protrusion of the auricle (82%), and redness over the mastoid (77%). The abnormal tympanic membrane was found in all patients with central perforation being the commonest finding (73.8%), and bulging tympanic membrane (21.3%). 34.4% of patients received oral antibiotics before admission and the mean duration of symptoms prior to admission increased significantly in those who received antibiotics 12.7 days in comparison to those who didn’t 8.3 days. Only 52.5% of patients had a past history of recurrent acute otitis media, and 8.2% had a past history of acute mastoiditis. All the patients with recurrent mastoiditis had a past history of recurrent acute otitis media. Computed Tomography (CT) scans were obtained for 50.8% and 83.9% of those scans showed coalescent mastoiditis. Further evidence of intracranial extension was found in 6.5% and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was obtained for them. Of the study group, 67.2% presented with subperiosteal abscess, 4.9% with facial nerve palsy and 3.3% with brain abscess. Thirteen patients with no complications were managed initially with injectable and topical antibiotics and were successful in only 6 of them (46%), abscess incisions and drainages were needed in 46 patients and were successful in 34 of them (73.9%). Eighteen patients (29.5%) needed mastoidectomy and all of them were managed successfully (100%). One patient (1.6%) was referred for intracranial abscess drainage in a specialized hospital, also one patient (1.6%) initially presented with intracranial abscess died on the second day of admission and 96.8% were discharged in good condition. The mean duration of hospital stay was 7.5 days. Conclusion: Patients present to the hospital after a prolonged period with a higher rate of complications, and the delayed presentation increased significantly in patients who received oral antibiotics prior to admission. Conservative medical treatment in non-complicated acute mastoiditis was ineffective in more than half of the patients and abscess incision and drainage and/or mastoidectomy are often necessary for the management.

Major Ear Aplasia and Cochleovestibular Dysplasia: Rare Congenital Malformation about a Case

Introduction: The congenital malformations of the ear are rare and often isolated, may be unilateral or bilateral, and can be associated with another syndromic malformation. Such malformations so not necessarily impact aesthetics and social relations. Case Presentation: The authors report the case of Samuel M, male born at 38 WA, who is the first child of healthy parents from the same socio-cultural area. His birth weight was 2800 g and he did not have any risk factors for deafness or concept of obstetrical trauma. He presented with congenital malformation manifesting as bilateral ear aplasia with unilateral facial paralysis. Computed tomography revealed abnormalities of the inner ear;functional explorations, such as PEA and OEA, showed findings in favor of bilateral cophosis. ASSR (Auditory Steady-State Responses) was not performed. The announcement of the serious diagnosis of deafness requires multidisciplinary care in order to plan a therapeutic program to limit the impact on the development of language, schooling, and consequently, the socio-professional future of children. Conclusion: This clinical case underlines the fact that interest of the clinical interview before possible multiple surgery does not always guarantee the satisfaction of the desire for repair in this type of patient.

Comparison of the treatment duration and nursing requirements of the EarWell infant ear correction system for different types of auricle deformities

Objective:To observe whether the Ear Well infant ear correction system makes any difference in terms of the treatment effect,duration,complication rate,and nursing care requirements in different types of infant auricle deformities.Methods:A total of 93 infant patients with auricular deformity(age:<3 months of age)who were diagnosed and treated in Guangzhou Children and Women’s Medical Center from April 2018 to September 2020 were selected and treated with the Ear Well infant ear correction system.We observed and recorded the effects of the Ear Well infant ear correction system,the treatment duration,the number of rebound cases,and complications that are likely to occur during treatment,and noted the related factors causing complications and the relative requirements for nursing care.Results:The Earwell infant ear correction system could effectively correct infant auricle deformities.Among the 93 cases,90 cases had positive therapeutical outcome and the effective rate was 96.77%.The treatment duration for lop ear and protruding ear was longer than for other auricle deformities;the deformity recoil and the treatment compilation rates were much higher for these 2 deformity types,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions:The treatment suggestion for the wearing duration of the Ear Well infant ear correction system for lop ear and protruding ear is a prolonged duration compared with that for other infant auricle deformities.Fur ther,the requirements for nursing care intensity and infant patient’s guardian’s nursing knowledge and skill are obviously increased for these 2 types of auricle deformities.

Wet cupping(Al-hijamah)as a strange cause of ear trauma:A case report

BACKGROUND Cupping therapy is used across the globe since ancient Egypt.It is used as a complementary or alternative to daily clinical practice.Cupping therapy could be dry or wet(Al-hijamah)type.It is considered a relatively safe procedure for a variety of clinical problems like lower backache,shoulder pain,neck pain,headache,and migraine.Application of cupping therapy over body orifices is contraindicated.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old gentleman presented with sudden left-sided hearing loss and tinnitus for 7 d.He gave a history of upper respiratory tract infection 14 d before his complaints.He received Al-hijamah over his left ear 3 d before seeking advice from the Otolaryngology clinic,but without benefit.Physical examination showed a dull-looking left ear drum,hemotympanum in the posterior part of the tympanic cavity,two blood clots over the eardrum,and multiple bleeding points over the external ear canal and tympanic membrane.A pure tone audiogram and tympanogram confirmed the diagnosis of middle ear effusion.Conservative treatment(avoidance of water entry,antibiotics,and local and systemic decongestants)was given for 5 d.The presenting symptoms as well as ear injuries resolved completely two weeks after the follow-up.CONCLUSION We do not recommend using Al-hijamah directly over the ear as a treatment option for hearing loss to avoid unwanted ear trauma as well as there is no benefit from this kind of treatment.

Human Ear Image Recognition Method Using PCA and Fisherface Complementary Double Feature Extraction

Ear recognition is a new kind of biometric identification technology now.Feature extraction is a key step in pattern recognition technology,which determines the accuracy of classification results.The method of single feature extraction can achieve high recognition rate under certain conditions,but the use of double feature extraction can overcome the limitation of single feature extraction.In order to improve the accuracy of classification results,this paper proposes a new method,that is,the method of complementary double feature extraction based on Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and Fisherface,and we apply it to human ear image recognition.The experiment was carried out on the ear image library provided by the University of Science and Technology Beijing.The results show that the ear recognition rate of the proposed method is significantly higher than the single feature extraction using PCA,Fisherface,or Independent component analysis(ICA)alone.

基于EARS理念下联合延续性护理干预对泌尿外科微创术后患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的应用价值分析

探讨基于加速康复外科(EARS)理念下的联合延续性护理干预对泌尿外科微创术后患者住院期间及出院后下肢深静脉血栓形成的应用价值。方法 选取2021年8月至2022年8月于济南市第八人民医院泌尿外科病区就治的泌尿外科微创术后患者100例,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组两组。比较两组患者临床情况。结果 干预一个月后,观察组FBG、PLT、D-二聚体低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。干预一个月后观察组的疼痛程度评分低于对照组,日常生活活动能力评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。干预一个月后,两组生理舒适度评分、心理精神舒适度评分、GCQ总分均高于干预前(P值均<0.05),且观察组显著高于对照组(P值均<0.05)干预一个月后,观察组患者的霍曼斯征阳性、下肢深静脉血栓发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论 基于EARS理念下的联合延续性护理干预有助于维持患者的凝血稳定性,缓解患者疼痛。此外,该干预能够有效降低医院相关性血栓形成的风险,并提高患者的舒适度和日常生活活动能力。

新生儿耳廓畸形筛查及耳模无创矫正疗效评估

目的通过新生儿查体时行外耳廓检查,统计分析新生儿耳廓畸形的发生率、矫正率、并发症发生率,评估耳模无创矫正治疗效果。方法选取2020年1月1日—2021年7月1日淮北市人民医院出生的新生儿3797例(7594耳),其中耳廓畸形患儿616例(851耳),将进行治疗的119例(173耳)患儿根据出生时间分为1组(≤7 d)125耳、2组(8~42 d)31耳,3组(>42 d)17耳。对于轻微不需治疗及拒绝治疗的患儿监护人,分别于出生后7、14 d进行电话随访,收集相关数据进行汇总分析。比较3组治疗总有效率、并发症发生率、治疗时间。结果新生儿耳廓畸形发生率为11.21%(851/7594),19.32%(119/616)的新生儿耳廓畸形接受了无创矫正治疗,矫正率为20.33%(173/851),12例(10.08%)患儿在矫正过程中出现湿疹,3耳中途放弃治疗,2耳效果不佳,治疗总有效率为97.11%(168/173)。1组治疗有效率显著高于2组和3组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);2组与3组治疗有效率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.225)。1组治疗时间短于2组和3组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);2组治疗时间短于3组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。1组并发症发生率低于2组和3组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);2组并发症发生率低于3组,但差异无统计学意义(P=0.530)。结论新生儿耳廓畸形发生率较高,耳模型无创矫正效果好,在新生儿查体时即可对耳廓畸形做出筛查,在最早期发现患耳、避免漏诊,越早治疗效果越好。

基于FE-P2Pnet的无人机小麦图像麦穗计数方法

针对无人机图像背景复杂、小麦密集、麦穗目标较小以及麦穗尺寸不一等问题,提出了一种基于FE-P2Pnet(Feature enhance-point to point)的无人机小麦图像麦穗自动计数方法。对无人机图像进行亮度和对比度增强,增大麦穗目标与背景之间的差异度,减少叶、秆等复杂背景因素的影响。引入了基于点标注的网络P2Pnet作为基线网络,以解决麦穗密集的问题。同时,针对麦穗目标小引起的特征信息较少的问题,在P2Pnet的主干网络VGG16中添加了Triplet模块,将C(通道)、H(高度)和W(宽度)3个维度的信息交互,使得主干网络可以提取更多与目标相关的特征信息;针对麦穗尺寸不一的问题,在FPN(Feature pyramid networks)上增加了FEM(Feature enhancement module)和SE(Squeeze excitation)模块,使得该模块能够更好地处理特征信息和融合多尺度信息;为了更好地对目标进行分类,使用Focal Loss损失函数代替交叉熵损失函数,该损失函数可以对背景和目标的特征信息进行不同的权重加权,进一步突出特征。实验结果表明,在本文所构建的无人机小麦图像数据集(Wheat-ZWF)上,麦穗计数的平均绝对误差(MAE)、均方误差(MSE)和平均精确度(ACC)分别达到3.77、5.13和90.87%,相较于其他目标计数回归方法如MCNN(Multi-column convolutional neural network)、CSRnet(Congested scene recognition network)和WHCNETs (Wheat head counting networks)等,表现最佳。与基线网络P2Pnet相比,MAE和MSE分别降低23.2%和16.6%,ACC提高2.67个百分点。为了进一步验证本文算法的有效性,对采集的其它4种不同品种的小麦(AK1009、AK1401、AK1706和YKM222)进行了实验,实验结果显示,麦穗计数MAE和MSE平均为5.10和6.17,ACC也达到89.69%,表明本文提出的模型具有较好的泛化性能。

影像学在儿童外耳道胆脂瘤诊治中的应用价值

目的探讨儿童外耳道胆脂瘤(external auditory canal cholesteatoma,EACC)的高分辨率CT(HRCT)及MRI特征性表现。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的40例(45耳)儿童EACC患者的HRCT及9例MRI影像征象及临床治疗价值。结果45耳儿童EACC均表现为外耳道内软组织影,7耳软组织呈含气条片状,38耳软组织呈团块状实性致密影,3耳MRI呈T2高信号/T1等信号,DWI高信号,ADC低信号。30耳位于外耳道中内侧且覆盖鼓膜,28耳外耳道局部扩大,17耳无扩大。7耳单下壁受累;38耳多骨壁受累,其中上壁23耳,下壁25耳,6耳各壁均受累。33耳骨边缘不规则。11耳鼓室盾板变钝或消失。15耳鼓室受累,15耳砧骨长脚受压吸收破坏;8耳砧骨短脚吸收破坏;2耳镫骨吸收破坏;5耳伴发乳突炎。乳突气化型37耳,混合型7耳,板障型1耳。结论EACC病变位置局限,多位于外耳道中内侧,伴局部骨质破坏,累及中耳者少,未见合并耳周感染者。术前常规耳部HRCT及MRI扫描有助于精准定位及定性,根据病变范围选择合适手术方式,是清除胆脂瘤、提高听力及减少复发的有效方法。

退火温度对铸轧3003铝合金冷轧板带材冲压制耳率的影响

3003铝合金在铸轧工艺过程中,存在制耳率不理想的问题。基于此,以3003铝合金冷轧1 mm板带材为研究对象,并结合EBSD检测手段,研究了不同退火温度下3003铝合金冷轧板材冲制过程中制耳率与退火温度及织构组织之间的关系,并最终得出影响制耳率的关键因素。结果表明:3003铸轧产品冷轧退火后铝合金板材中的织构主要由Copper、Brass、S、Goss等形变织构和Cube、CubeND、P、R、黄铜R等再结晶织构组成,随着退火温度的升高,形变织构向再结晶织构的转变倾向增大,且显著伴随S型织构及R型织构的减少,Cube型及CubeND型织构的逐渐增加,当形变织构与再结晶织构比值在0.67~0.73时,冲压效果明显改善,制耳率效果理想。

不同品牌红外耳温计在儿童患者中的临床应用差异性研究

目的:探讨不同品牌红外耳温计在儿童患者中的临床应用差异性,以指导合理使用红外耳温计。方法:随机选取2023年5月至2023年7月在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院接受治疗的164例住院及门诊患儿,采用进口(品牌A)、国产(品牌B)和合资(品牌C)3种不同品牌的红外耳温计,以同样的测量方式测量患儿耳温,比较不同品牌耳温计在不同年龄段患儿中测量的温度和时间的差异性。结果:测量温度上,A测量为(37.54±0.931)℃,B为(37.219±0.952)℃,C为(37.329±0.961)℃;测量时间上,A测量时间为(2.34±0.236)s,B为(1.314±0.269)s,C为(2.051±0.173)s。3种耳温计测量温度及时间比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=5.007,264.988,P<0.05)。且3种耳温计测量≤3个月龄患儿的温度,差异有统计学意义(F=3.868,P<0.05);在3月龄以上患儿中无差异。结论:针对不同的年龄段患儿,医疗机构可依据使用成本高低、测量时间快慢等因素综合考虑进行选择。对3个月以上年龄段患儿,选择成本更低、测量时间更快的品牌B红外耳温计;对0~3月龄患儿,建议选择温度测量值更为准确的品牌A红外耳温计。