The dissolution and diffusion of CO_(2)in oil and water and its displacement mechanism were investigated by laboratory experiment and numerical simulation for Block 9 in the Tahe oilfield,a sandstone oil reservoir wit...The dissolution and diffusion of CO_(2)in oil and water and its displacement mechanism were investigated by laboratory experiment and numerical simulation for Block 9 in the Tahe oilfield,a sandstone oil reservoir with strong bottom-water drive in Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Such parameters were analyzed as solubility ratio of CO_(2)in oil,gas and water,interfacial tension,in-situ oil viscosity distribution,remaining oil saturation distribution,and oil compositions.The results show that CO_(2)flooding could control water coning and increase oil production.In the early stage of the injection process,CO_(2)expanded vertically due to gravity differentiation,and extended laterally under the action of strong bottom water in the intermediate and late stages.The CO_(2)got enriched and extended at the oil-water interface,forming a high interfacial tension zone,which inhibited the coning of bottom water to some extent.A miscible region with low interfacial tension formed at the gas injection front,which reduced the in-situ oil viscosity by about 50%.The numerical simulation results show that enhanced oil recovery(EOR)is estimated at 5.72%and the oil exchange ratio of CO_(2)is 0.17 t/t.展开更多
Discovery of materials using“bottom-up”or“top-down”approach is of great interest in materials science.Layered materials consisting of two-dimensional(2D)building blocks provide a good platform to explore new mater...Discovery of materials using“bottom-up”or“top-down”approach is of great interest in materials science.Layered materials consisting of two-dimensional(2D)building blocks provide a good platform to explore new materials in this respect.In van der Waals(vdW)layered materials,these building blocks are charge neutral and can be isolated from their bulk phase(top-down),but usually grow on substrate.In ionic layered materials,they are charged and usually cannot exist independently but can serve as motifs to construct new materials(bottom-up).In this paper,we introduce our recently constructed databases for 2D material-substrate interface(2DMSI),and 2D charged building blocks.For 2DMSI database,we systematically build a workflow to predict appropriate substrates and their geometries at substrates,and construct the 2DMSI database.For the 2D charged building block database,1208 entries from bulk material database are identified.Information of crystal structure,valence state,source,dimension and so on is provided for each entry with a json format.We also show its application in designing and searching for new functional layered materials.The 2DMSI database,building block database,and designed layered materials are available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00188.展开更多
The Ordovician reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield are dominated by fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs, of which fault-karst reservoirs are a hot topic in recent years. Fault-karst reservoirs feature high production, la...The Ordovician reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield are dominated by fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs, of which fault-karst reservoirs are a hot topic in recent years. Fault-karst reservoirs feature high production, large burial depth, and strong heterogeneity under the control of faulting and karstification. Based on geological, logging, and seismic data, this study classified the Ordovician fault-karst reservoirs in the Yuejin block of the Tahe oilfield into three types, namely karst-cave, dissolved-vug, and fractured types, and established the integrated identification criteria of the three types of reservoirs. This study characterized karst caves, dissolved vugs, and multi-scale faults through seismic wave impedance inversion and frequency-domain detection of multi-scale faults. 3D geological models of different types of reservoirs were built using the combined deterministic and stochastic methods and characterized the spatial distribution of multi-scale faults, karst caves, dissolved vugs, and physical property parameters of reservoir. This study established the method for the geological modeling of fault-karst reservoirs, achieved the quantitative characterization and revealed the heterogeneity of fault-karst reservoirs. The karst-cave and dissolved-vug types are high in porosity and act as reservoirs, while the fractured type is high in permeability and act as flow pathway. This study lays the foundation for the development index prediction, well emplacement, and efficient development of the fault-karst carbonate reservoirs.展开更多
Some Ordovician and Triassic oils in Block 9 are characterized by light oils,which have distinctly differentiated from heavy oils in other blocks in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.Based on the whole oil gas chroma- tog...Some Ordovician and Triassic oils in Block 9 are characterized by light oils,which have distinctly differentiated from heavy oils in other blocks in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.Based on the whole oil gas chroma- tograms,this paper estimates the effect of oil migration and fractionation and the amount of depletion(Q)in terms of the n-alkanes depletion model.The results showed that the amount of depletion in the Ordovician reservoir is highest in the east of this block,e.g.the depletion is 97% in Well T904.The amount of Q gets lower to the west,e.g.the depletion is 53.4%in Well T115 and there is no sign of depletion in Well S69.It is suggested that the direction of gas washing is from the east to the west.The compositions and isotopic characteristics of associated gas in Ordovician oils indicated that the gas might be derived from Cambrian source rocks of the Caohu Depression which lies to the east of Block 9.In contrast,no obvious depletion of n-alkanes in Triassic oils was found,suggesting that the migration pathway of natural gas has been limited to the Ordovician karst fracture system formed in the Early Hercynian Orogeny.Different depletions of the Ordovician and Triassic oils can reveal fault activities in this region.展开更多
Currently,limited studies of immiscible water-alternating-CO_(2)(imWACO_(2))flooding focus on the impact of reservoir heterogeneity on reservoir development outcomes.Given this,using the heterogeneous reservoirs in th...Currently,limited studies of immiscible water-alternating-CO_(2)(imWACO_(2))flooding focus on the impact of reservoir heterogeneity on reservoir development outcomes.Given this,using the heterogeneous reservoirs in the Gao 89-1 block as a case study,this study conducted slab core flooding experiments and numerical simulations to assess the impact of reservoir heterogeneity on imWACO_(2)flooding efficiency.It can be concluded that imWACO_(2)flooding can enhance the sweep volume and oil recovery compared to continuous CO_(2)flooding.As the permeability difference increases,the difference in the swept volume between zones/layers with relatively high and low permeability increases.To optimize the exploitation of reservoirs in the Gao 89-1 block,the optimal timing and CO_(2)injection rate for imWACO_(2)flooding are determined at water cut of 40%and 10000 m^(3)/d,respectively.A short injection-production semi-period,combined with multiple cycles of water and CO_(2)injection alternations,is beneficial for enhanced oil recovery from imWACO_(2)flooding.展开更多
Nanostructure fabrication from block copolymers in my group normally involves polymer design, synthesis, self-assembly, selective domain crosslinking, and sometimes selective domain removal. Preparation of thin films ...Nanostructure fabrication from block copolymers in my group normally involves polymer design, synthesis, self-assembly, selective domain crosslinking, and sometimes selective domain removal. Preparation of thin films withnanochannels was used to illustrate the strategy we took. In this particular case, a linear triblock copolymer polyisoprenc-block-poly(2-cinnamoylethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(t-butyl acrylate), PI-b-PCEMA-b-PtBA, was used. Films, 25 to50 μm thick, were prepared from casting on glass slides a toluene solution of PI-b-PCEMA-b-PtBA and PtBA homopolymer,hPtBA, where hPtBA is shorter than the PtBA block. At the hPtBA mass faction of 20% relative to the triblock or the totalPtBA (hPtBA and PtBA block) volume fraction of 0.44, hPtBA and PtBA formed a seemingly continuous phase in the matrixof PCEMA and Pl. Such a block segregation pattern was locked in by photocrosslinking the PCEMA domain. Nanochannelswere formed by extracting out hPtBA with solvent. Alternatively. larger channels were obtained from extracting out hPtBAand hydrolyzing the t-butyl groups of the PtBA block. Such membranes were not liquid permeable but had gas permeabilityconstants ～6 orders of magnitude higher than that of low-density polyethylene films.展开更多
A novel CF_3-containing building block, (Z)-ethyl 3-bromo-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenoate, was easily prepared from CF_3CBr_3, the former reacted with alkynes Or organozinc reagents in the presence of Pd complexes to affo...A novel CF_3-containing building block, (Z)-ethyl 3-bromo-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenoate, was easily prepared from CF_3CBr_3, the former reacted with alkynes Or organozinc reagents in the presence of Pd complexes to afford useful CF_3-containing intermediates in good yield.展开更多
The phase velocity of seismic waves varies with the propagation frequency, and thus frequency-dependent phenomena appear when CO2 gas is injected into a reservoir. By dynamically considering these phenomena with reser...The phase velocity of seismic waves varies with the propagation frequency, and thus frequency-dependent phenomena appear when CO2 gas is injected into a reservoir. By dynamically considering these phenomena with reservoir conditions it is thus feasible to extract the frequency-dependent velocity factor with the aim of monitoring changes in the reservoir both before and after CO2 injection. In the paper, we derive a quantitative expression for the frequency-dependent factor based on the Robinson seismic convolution model. In addition, an inversion equation with a frequency-dependent velocity factor is constructed, and a procedure is implemented using the following four processing steps： decomposition of the spectrum by generalized S transform, wavelet extraction of cross-well seismic traces, spectrum equalization processing, and an extraction method for frequency-dependent velocity factor based on the damped least-square algorithm. An attenuation layered model is then established based on changes in the Q value of the viscoelastic medium, and spectra of migration profiles from forward modeling are obtained and analyzed. Frequency-dependent factors are extracted and compared, and the effectiveness of the method is then verified using a synthetic data. The frequency-dependent velocity factor is finally applied to target processing and oil displacement monitoring based on real seismic data obtained before and after CO2 injection in the G89 well block within Shengli oilfield. Profiles and slices of the frequency-dependent factor determine its ability to indicate differences in CO2 flooding, and the predicting results are highly consistent with those of practical investigations within the well block.展开更多
Sustainable,conductive,and porous carbon materials are ideal for energy storage materials.In this study,honeycomb-like carbon materials(HCM)are synthesized via a“salty”thermal treatment of abundant and sustainable c...Sustainable,conductive,and porous carbon materials are ideal for energy storage materials.In this study,honeycomb-like carbon materials(HCM)are synthesized via a“salty”thermal treatment of abundant and sustainable coffee extract.Systematic materials characterization indicates that the as-prepared HCM consists of heteroatoms(N and O,etc.)doped ultra-thin carbon framework,possesses remarkable specific surface area,and excellent electrical conductivity.Such properties bestow HCM outstanding materials to be the blocking layer for Li-I2 battery,significantly eliminating the dissolution of I2 in the cathode region and stopping the I2 from shutting to anode compartment.Furthermore,our electrochemical investigation suggests that HCM could incur surface pseudo-capacitive iodine-ions charge storage and contribute additional energy storage capacity.As a result,the resultant Li-I2 battery achieves a robust and highly reversible capacity of 224.5 mAh·g−1 at the rate of 10 C.Even under a high rate of 50 C,the remarkable capacity of the as-prepared Li-I2 battery can still be maintained at 120.2 mAh·g−1 after 4000 cycles.展开更多
Dihydroxy capped triblock oligomers of 2, 2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) andε-caprolactone (CL) with number-average molecular weight from 3,000 to 12,000 g/mol have beensynthesized by alkyl glycol initiator i...Dihydroxy capped triblock oligomers of 2, 2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) andε-caprolactone (CL) with number-average molecular weight from 3,000 to 12,000 g/mol have beensynthesized by alkyl glycol initiator in the presence of yttrium tri(2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate)s (Y(OAr)3) catalyst. They are expected to be used as macroinitiators for thedesign of new polymeric materials.展开更多
文摘The dissolution and diffusion of CO_(2)in oil and water and its displacement mechanism were investigated by laboratory experiment and numerical simulation for Block 9 in the Tahe oilfield,a sandstone oil reservoir with strong bottom-water drive in Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Such parameters were analyzed as solubility ratio of CO_(2)in oil,gas and water,interfacial tension,in-situ oil viscosity distribution,remaining oil saturation distribution,and oil compositions.The results show that CO_(2)flooding could control water coning and increase oil production.In the early stage of the injection process,CO_(2)expanded vertically due to gravity differentiation,and extended laterally under the action of strong bottom water in the intermediate and late stages.The CO_(2)got enriched and extended at the oil-water interface,forming a high interfacial tension zone,which inhibited the coning of bottom water to some extent.A miscible region with low interfacial tension formed at the gas injection front,which reduced the in-situ oil viscosity by about 50%.The numerical simulation results show that enhanced oil recovery(EOR)is estimated at 5.72%and the oil exchange ratio of CO_(2)is 0.17 t/t.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61888102,52272172,and 52102193)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92163206)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1201501 and 2022YFA1204100)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB30000000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Discovery of materials using“bottom-up”or“top-down”approach is of great interest in materials science.Layered materials consisting of two-dimensional(2D)building blocks provide a good platform to explore new materials in this respect.In van der Waals(vdW)layered materials,these building blocks are charge neutral and can be isolated from their bulk phase(top-down),but usually grow on substrate.In ionic layered materials,they are charged and usually cannot exist independently but can serve as motifs to construct new materials(bottom-up).In this paper,we introduce our recently constructed databases for 2D material-substrate interface(2DMSI),and 2D charged building blocks.For 2DMSI database,we systematically build a workflow to predict appropriate substrates and their geometries at substrates,and construct the 2DMSI database.For the 2D charged building block database,1208 entries from bulk material database are identified.Information of crystal structure,valence state,source,dimension and so on is provided for each entry with a json format.We also show its application in designing and searching for new functional layered materials.The 2DMSI database,building block database,and designed layered materials are available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00188.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA14010204).
文摘The Ordovician reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield are dominated by fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs, of which fault-karst reservoirs are a hot topic in recent years. Fault-karst reservoirs feature high production, large burial depth, and strong heterogeneity under the control of faulting and karstification. Based on geological, logging, and seismic data, this study classified the Ordovician fault-karst reservoirs in the Yuejin block of the Tahe oilfield into three types, namely karst-cave, dissolved-vug, and fractured types, and established the integrated identification criteria of the three types of reservoirs. This study characterized karst caves, dissolved vugs, and multi-scale faults through seismic wave impedance inversion and frequency-domain detection of multi-scale faults. 3D geological models of different types of reservoirs were built using the combined deterministic and stochastic methods and characterized the spatial distribution of multi-scale faults, karst caves, dissolved vugs, and physical property parameters of reservoir. This study established the method for the geological modeling of fault-karst reservoirs, achieved the quantitative characterization and revealed the heterogeneity of fault-karst reservoirs. The karst-cave and dissolved-vug types are high in porosity and act as reservoirs, while the fractured type is high in permeability and act as flow pathway. This study lays the foundation for the development index prediction, well emplacement, and efficient development of the fault-karst carbonate reservoirs.
基金financially supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40972089)the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting(Grant No.PRPDX2008-01)a China State 973 Scientific Program contribution (Grant No.2006CB202307)
文摘Some Ordovician and Triassic oils in Block 9 are characterized by light oils,which have distinctly differentiated from heavy oils in other blocks in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin.Based on the whole oil gas chroma- tograms,this paper estimates the effect of oil migration and fractionation and the amount of depletion(Q)in terms of the n-alkanes depletion model.The results showed that the amount of depletion in the Ordovician reservoir is highest in the east of this block,e.g.the depletion is 97% in Well T904.The amount of Q gets lower to the west,e.g.the depletion is 53.4%in Well T115 and there is no sign of depletion in Well S69.It is suggested that the direction of gas washing is from the east to the west.The compositions and isotopic characteristics of associated gas in Ordovician oils indicated that the gas might be derived from Cambrian source rocks of the Caohu Depression which lies to the east of Block 9.In contrast,no obvious depletion of n-alkanes in Triassic oils was found,suggesting that the migration pathway of natural gas has been limited to the Ordovician karst fracture system formed in the Early Hercynian Orogeny.Different depletions of the Ordovician and Triassic oils can reveal fault activities in this region.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974343)the Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas(Yangtze University)(No.YQZC202307)+2 种基金the Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project(No.qdyy20200084)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M703588)a project of Science&Technology R&D Department of SINOPEC entitled Key Technology for Optimization Design of 3D Development of Shale oil in Dongying Sag(No.P23026).
文摘Currently,limited studies of immiscible water-alternating-CO_(2)(imWACO_(2))flooding focus on the impact of reservoir heterogeneity on reservoir development outcomes.Given this,using the heterogeneous reservoirs in the Gao 89-1 block as a case study,this study conducted slab core flooding experiments and numerical simulations to assess the impact of reservoir heterogeneity on imWACO_(2)flooding efficiency.It can be concluded that imWACO_(2)flooding can enhance the sweep volume and oil recovery compared to continuous CO_(2)flooding.As the permeability difference increases,the difference in the swept volume between zones/layers with relatively high and low permeability increases.To optimize the exploitation of reservoirs in the Gao 89-1 block,the optimal timing and CO_(2)injection rate for imWACO_(2)flooding are determined at water cut of 40%and 10000 m^(3)/d,respectively.A short injection-production semi-period,combined with multiple cycles of water and CO_(2)injection alternations,is beneficial for enhanced oil recovery from imWACO_(2)flooding.
文摘Nanostructure fabrication from block copolymers in my group normally involves polymer design, synthesis, self-assembly, selective domain crosslinking, and sometimes selective domain removal. Preparation of thin films withnanochannels was used to illustrate the strategy we took. In this particular case, a linear triblock copolymer polyisoprenc-block-poly(2-cinnamoylethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(t-butyl acrylate), PI-b-PCEMA-b-PtBA, was used. Films, 25 to50 μm thick, were prepared from casting on glass slides a toluene solution of PI-b-PCEMA-b-PtBA and PtBA homopolymer,hPtBA, where hPtBA is shorter than the PtBA block. At the hPtBA mass faction of 20% relative to the triblock or the totalPtBA (hPtBA and PtBA block) volume fraction of 0.44, hPtBA and PtBA formed a seemingly continuous phase in the matrixof PCEMA and Pl. Such a block segregation pattern was locked in by photocrosslinking the PCEMA domain. Nanochannelswere formed by extracting out hPtBA with solvent. Alternatively. larger channels were obtained from extracting out hPtBAand hydrolyzing the t-butyl groups of the PtBA block. Such membranes were not liquid permeable but had gas permeabilityconstants ～6 orders of magnitude higher than that of low-density polyethylene films.
基金This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘A novel CF_3-containing building block, (Z)-ethyl 3-bromo-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butenoate, was easily prepared from CF_3CBr_3, the former reacted with alkynes Or organozinc reagents in the presence of Pd complexes to afford useful CF_3-containing intermediates in good yield.
基金supported by the Pilot Project of Sinopec(P14085)
文摘The phase velocity of seismic waves varies with the propagation frequency, and thus frequency-dependent phenomena appear when CO2 gas is injected into a reservoir. By dynamically considering these phenomena with reservoir conditions it is thus feasible to extract the frequency-dependent velocity factor with the aim of monitoring changes in the reservoir both before and after CO2 injection. In the paper, we derive a quantitative expression for the frequency-dependent factor based on the Robinson seismic convolution model. In addition, an inversion equation with a frequency-dependent velocity factor is constructed, and a procedure is implemented using the following four processing steps： decomposition of the spectrum by generalized S transform, wavelet extraction of cross-well seismic traces, spectrum equalization processing, and an extraction method for frequency-dependent velocity factor based on the damped least-square algorithm. An attenuation layered model is then established based on changes in the Q value of the viscoelastic medium, and spectra of migration profiles from forward modeling are obtained and analyzed. Frequency-dependent factors are extracted and compared, and the effectiveness of the method is then verified using a synthetic data. The frequency-dependent velocity factor is finally applied to target processing and oil displacement monitoring based on real seismic data obtained before and after CO2 injection in the G89 well block within Shengli oilfield. Profiles and slices of the frequency-dependent factor determine its ability to indicate differences in CO2 flooding, and the predicting results are highly consistent with those of practical investigations within the well block.
基金This study was financially supported by the Australia Research Council Discovery Projects(DP170103721 andDP180102003)We also acknowledge the computational support from the Australian Government through the National Computational Infrastructure(NCI)under the National Computational Merit Allocation Scheme and the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre with funding from the Australian Government and the Government of Western Australia.
文摘Sustainable,conductive,and porous carbon materials are ideal for energy storage materials.In this study,honeycomb-like carbon materials(HCM)are synthesized via a“salty”thermal treatment of abundant and sustainable coffee extract.Systematic materials characterization indicates that the as-prepared HCM consists of heteroatoms(N and O,etc.)doped ultra-thin carbon framework,possesses remarkable specific surface area,and excellent electrical conductivity.Such properties bestow HCM outstanding materials to be the blocking layer for Li-I2 battery,significantly eliminating the dissolution of I2 in the cathode region and stopping the I2 from shutting to anode compartment.Furthermore,our electrochemical investigation suggests that HCM could incur surface pseudo-capacitive iodine-ions charge storage and contribute additional energy storage capacity.As a result,the resultant Li-I2 battery achieves a robust and highly reversible capacity of 224.5 mAh·g−1 at the rate of 10 C.Even under a high rate of 50 C,the remarkable capacity of the as-prepared Li-I2 battery can still be maintained at 120.2 mAh·g−1 after 4000 cycles.
基金The authors are grateful to the financial supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20174033)the Special Fund for Major State Basic Research Project(G1999064801)the Committee of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province.
文摘Dihydroxy capped triblock oligomers of 2, 2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) andε-caprolactone (CL) with number-average molecular weight from 3,000 to 12,000 g/mol have beensynthesized by alkyl glycol initiator in the presence of yttrium tri(2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenolate)s (Y(OAr)3) catalyst. They are expected to be used as macroinitiators for thedesign of new polymeric materials.
