MICROSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF AN ION-NITRIDINGLAER ON A NO.45 STEEL

The cross-sectional microstructure of an ion-nitrided layer on a No.45 steel was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the columnar crystals constitute the compound layer. Most of them have the microstructure of alternating ε-Fe2-3N and γ-Fe4N and others are single ε-Fe2-3N phase. There are abnormal strip ferrites between the columnar crystals. The transition layer mainly consists of spherical γ-Fe4N and cementite (Fe3C) particles in the pearlite are dissolved in this layer. In diffusion layer, besides the equilibrium phase γ-Fe4N, there are α -Fe16N2 and the satellite spots around main spots of α-Fe16N2 demonstrate its modulation structure. A metastable ordered cluster zone of the nitropen atoms was found in the division layer.

Nonlinear Study on the Mechanical Performance of Built-Up Cold-Formed Steel Concrete-Filled Columns under Compression

Given their numerous functional and architectural benefits,such as improved bearing capacity and increased resistance to elastic instability modes,cold-formed steel(CFS)built-up sections have become increasingly developed and used in recent years,particularly in the construction industry.This paper presents an analytical and numerical study of assembled CFS two single channel-shaped columns with different slenderness and configurations(backto-back,face-to-face,and box).These columns were joined by double-row rivets for the back-to-back and box configurations,whereas they were welded together for the face-to-face design.The built-up columns were filled with ordinary concrete of good strength.Finite element models were applied,using ABAQUS software,to assess mechanical performance and study the influence of assembly techniques on the behavior of cold-formed columns under axial compression.Analytical approaches based on Eurocode 3 and Eurocode 4 recommendations for un-filled and concrete-filled columns respectively were followed for the numerical analysis,and concrete confinement effects were also considered per American Concrete Institute(ACI)standards for face-to-face and box configurations.The obtained results indicated a good correlation between the numerical results and the proposed analytical methodology which did not exceed 8%.The failure modes showed that the columns failed due to instabilities such as local and global buckling.

Improving creep strength of the fine-grained heat-affected zone of novel 9Cr martensitic heat-resistant steel via modified thermo-mechanical treatment

The infamous type Ⅳ failure within the fine-grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) in G115 steel weldments seriously threatens the safe operation of ultra-supercritical (USC) power plants.In this work,the traditional thermo-mechanical treatment was modified via the replacement of hot-rolling with cold rolling,i.e.,normalizing,cold rolling,and tempering (NCT),which was developed to improve the creep strength of the FGHAZ in G115 steel weldments.The NCT treatment effectively promoted the dissolution of preformed M_(23)C_(6)particles and relieved the boundary segregation of C and Cr during welding thermal cycling,which accelerated the dispersed reprecipitation of M_(23)C_(6) particles within the fresh reaustenitized grains during post-weld heat treatment.In addition,the precipitation of Cu-rich phases and MX particles was promoted evidently due to the deformation-induced dislocations.As a result,the interacting actions between precipitates,dislocations,and boundaries during creep were reinforced considerably.Following this strategy,the creep rupture life of the FGHAZ in G115 steel weldments can be prolonged by 18.6%,which can further push the application of G115 steel in USC power plants.

Prospects for green steelmaking technology with low carbon emissions in China

The steel industry is a major source of CO_(2) emissions,and thus,the mitigation of carbon emissions is the most pressing challenge in this sector.In this paper,international environmental governance in the steel industry is reviewed,and the current state of development of low-carbon technologies is discussed.Additionally,low-carbon pathways for the steel industry at the current time are proposed,emphasizing prevention and treatment strategies.Furthermore,the prospects of low-carbon technologies are explored from the perspective of transitioning the energy structure to a“carbon-electricity-hydrogen”relationship.Overall,steel enterprises should adopt hydrogen-rich metallurgical technologies that are compatible with current needs and process flows in the short term,based on the carbon substitution with hydrogen(prevention)and the CCU(CO_(2) capture and utilization)concepts(treatment).Additionally,the capture and utilization of CO_(2) for steelmaking,which can assist in achieving short-term emission reduction targets but is not a long-term solution,is discussed.In conclusion,in the long term,the carbon metallurgical process should be gradually supplanted by a hydrogen-electric synergistic approach,thus transforming the energy structure of existing steelmaking processes and attaining near-zero carbon emission steelmaking technology.

Microscopic defects formation and dynamic mechanical response analysis of Q345 steel plate subjected to explosive load

As the basic protective element, steel plate had attracted world-wide attention because of frequent threats of explosive loads. This paper reports the relationships between microscopic defects of Q345 steel plate under the explosive load and its macroscopic dynamics simulation. Firstly, the defect characteristics of the steel plate were investigated by stereoscopic microscope(SM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). At the macroscopic level, the defect was the formation of cave which was concentrated in the range of 0-3.0 cm from the explosion center, while at the microscopic level, the cavity and void formation were the typical damage characteristics. It also explains that the difference in defect morphology at different positions was the combining results of high temperature and high pressure. Secondly, the variation rules of mechanical properties of steel plate under explosive load were studied. The Arbitrary Lagrange-Euler(ALE) algorithm and multi-material fluid-structure coupling method were used to simulate the explosion process of steel plate. The accuracy of the method was verified by comparing the deformation of the simulation results with the experimental results, the pressure and stress at different positions on the surface of the steel plate were obtained. The simulation results indicated that the critical pressure causing the plate defects may be approximately 2.01 GPa. On this basis, it was found that the variation rules of surface pressure and microscopic defect area of the Q345 steel plate were strikingly similar, and the corresponding mathematical relationship between them was established. Compared with Monomolecular growth fitting models(MGFM) and Logistic fitting models(LFM), the relationship can be better expressed by cubic polynomial fitting model(CPFM). This paper illustrated that the explosive defect characteristics of metal plate at the microscopic level can be explored by analyzing its macroscopic dynamic mechanical response.

Study on Key Joining Technology and Test Method of Steel/Al Hybrid Structure Body-in-White

Green and low carbon promote the application and development of light-weight materials in body-in-white. Large-scale die-casting Al alloy (DCAA) and high-strength thermo-formed steel sheet (TFSS) have put forward higher requirements for the application of joining technology of high-strength steel/Al dissimilar materials. Taking the new die-casting Al alloy body as an example, this paper systematically studies the progress of the latest joining methods of steel/Al dissimilar material with combination of two-layer plate and three-layer plate. By analyzing the joining technologies such as FSPR, RES, FDS and SPR, the technology and process characteristics of steel/Al dissimilar material joining are studied, and the joining technical feasibility and realization means of different material combination of the body are analyzed. The conditions of material combination, material thickness, material strength, flange height, preformed holes and joint spacing for achieving high-quality joining are given. The FSPR joining technology is developed and tested in order to meet with the joining of parts with DCAA and TFSS, especially for the joining of three-layer plates with them. It finds the method and technical basis for the realization of high quality joining of dissimilar materials, provides the early conditions for the application of large DCAA and TFSS parts in body-in-white, and meets the design requirements of new energy body. .

Defect Inspection Technology for Steel Truss Suspension Bridges

Steel truss suspension bridges are prone to developing defects after prolonged use.These defects may include corrosion of the main cable or the steel truss.To ensure the normal and safe functioning of the suspension bridge,it is necessary to inspect for defects promptly,understand the cause of the defect,and locate it through the use of inspection technology.By promptly addressing defects,the suspension bridge’s safety can be ensured.The author has analyzed the common defects and causes of steel truss suspension bridges and proposed specific inspection technologies.This research is intended to aid in the timely discovery of steel truss suspension bridge defects.

RNA结合蛋白RBM45在肝癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨核糖核酸结合基序蛋白45(RNA-binding motif protein 45,RBM45)在肝癌中的表达及其临床应用价值。方法应用癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库分析RNA结合蛋白RBM45在肝癌中的表达,并关联临床资料及病理特征进行统计学分析。运用基因富集分析软件GSEA对肝癌组织中与RBM45相关的基因进行KEGG信号通路富集分析。结果与癌旁组织相比,肝癌组织中RBM45表达明显升高(P<0.001),且RBM45表达水平与患者临床分期、肿瘤分级及预后均显著相关(P<0.05),通过构建单变量和多变量COX风险回归模型分析RBM45表达与临床资料的相关性,结果表明RBM45可做为肝癌患者独立预后的危险因素(HR:2.75695%CI:1.785-4.255,P=4.813e-06);KEGG富集分析显示,RBM45可能与细胞周期、卵母细胞减数分裂、泛素介导的蛋白水解等信号通路密切相关。结论RBM45在肝癌组织中高表达,且其高表达的患者预后较差;RBM45表达可作为肝癌患者预后判断的独立标志物。

“45度青年”现象在大学生中的表现及其应对

继“内卷”“躺平”之后,“45度青年”成为描述青年人新现象的网络热词。大学生作为青年群体的重要组成部分,“45度青年”现象在大学生中也有所表现,并给高校育人工作带来新的思考与挑战。面对青年群体的变化,教育工作者在客观看待“45度青年”现象的基础上,需注重分析现象背后大学生的特点与需求,挖掘引领其中积极向上的部分,为青年学生实现发展性需求助力。

45#钢表面Ni-W/ZnO超疏水复合涂层的制备及性能研究

采用电沉积工艺并结合喷涂法在45#钢表面制备Ni-W/ZnO超疏水复合涂层,表征了复合涂层的微观形貌和主要成分,并对复合涂层的疏水性、机械稳定性及耐蚀性进行测试分析。结果表明:复合涂层表面形成微纳米分级结构,主要成分为Ni、W、Zn、O、C和Si元素,改性ZnO颗粒在复合涂层中呈较均匀分散状态。复合涂层表面水滴接触角达到151.4°,表现出超疏水性能,并且经20次胶带提拉、20次砂粒冲击和20个周期砂纸摩擦后接触角仍然大于150°,能稳定地保持超疏水性能而且具有良好的机械稳定性。复合涂层还表现出优异的耐蚀性,其腐蚀电流密度仅为6.79×10^(-7)A/cm^(2),极化电阻达到3.25×10^(4)Ω·cm_(2),相比于常规Ni-W合金镀层,能为45#钢提供理想的腐蚀防护作用。

南充市18~45岁女性HPV疫苗接种现状及影响因素分析

探究南充市18~45岁女性HPV疫苗接种现状,分析影响接种率的因素,并提出改善建议。方法 采用自制问卷调表,于2023年3~5月从南充市不同地区的医疗机构和社区中随机抽取398名18~45岁的女性作为研究对象。通过描述性统计和Logistic回归分析,探讨HPV疫苗接种率的现状,以及不同因素与接种率之间的关系。结果 南充市18~45岁女性接种HPV疫苗的接种人群为45.98%,受同龄人或社交圈内压力影响、HPV疫苗在所在地区供应不足、性健康教育经验欠缺、不了解接种推荐年龄和频率是导致南充市18~45岁女性不愿接种HPV疫苗的原因;Logistic回归分析显示,南充市18~45岁女性未接种HPV疫苗的因素为对接种HPV疫苗概念比较模糊(OR=0.339,95% CI=0.171~0.674)、受到反疫苗观点的影响(OR=0.221,95% CI=0.120~0.407)、同龄人或社交圈内压力影响接种决策(OR=0.043,95% CI=0.020~0.090)、认为HPV疫苗接种周期长(OR=0.136,95% CI=0.060~0.306)。结论 南充市18~45岁女性接种HPV疫苗的覆盖率还有待提高,对接种HPV疫苗概念比较模糊、受到反疫苗观点的影响、同龄人或社交圈内压力影响接种决策、认为HPV疫苗接种周期长是南充市18~45岁女性未接种HPV疫苗的独立因素,建议各医疗机构加强性健康教育,特别是强调HPV感染的危害和疫苗的重要性,建立支持接种HPV疫苗的社交环境,简化接种流程,减少接种周期,以提高南充市女性HPV疫苗接种率。

与45钢对摩材料干摩擦条件下的摩擦学性能

为选择与45钢对摩的摩擦副材料以适应干摩擦苛刻工况,采用RTEC多功能摩擦试验机,对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)、改性聚醚醚酮树脂(改性PEEK)、浸渍呋喃树脂碳石墨(M120K)和浸渍巴氏合金碳石墨(M120B)4种配副材料的摩擦学性能进行测试,并利用扫描电子显微镜对磨损表面进行观察和分析,从微观角度揭示了4种材料的摩擦磨损机理。结果表明,随着载荷和转速的增加,平均摩擦系数大致呈现出M120B<UHMWPE<改性PEEK<M120K的规律,磨损率则大致呈现出M120B<改性PEEK<M120K<UHMWPE的规律。当载荷增大时,UHMWPE和M120K由磨粒磨损逐渐转变为粘着磨损;改性PEEK以粘着磨损为主并伴随轻微的磨粒磨损;M120B表现出磨粒磨损与粘着磨损共存的形式。当转速增大时,UHMWPE和M120B以磨粒磨损为主并伴随轻微的粘着磨损;改性PEEK和M120K以粘着磨损为主并伴随轻微的磨粒磨损。

不同海域Custom450高强度不锈钢的腐蚀规律研究

目的 研究Custom450钢在青岛、舟山、厦门及三亚等4个海域大气和飞溅环境中的自然腐蚀规律。方法 采用形貌分析、腐蚀速率、点腐蚀深度分析等方法对Custom450钢在上述4个海域大气和飞溅区的腐蚀规律进行研究。结果 Custom450钢在4个海域大气环境的年平均腐蚀速率相当,且未观察到有点蚀现象发生,舟山海域的年平均腐蚀速率最小,为0.001 41 mm/a,三亚海域的年平均腐蚀速率最大,为0.001 54 mm/a。4个海域飞溅区的年平均腐蚀速率范围为0.0021~0.0028mm/a,舟山海域的年平均腐蚀速率为0.002 1 mm/a,平均及最大点腐蚀深度分别为5.7μm和25.99μm,均低于其他3个海域。结论 Custom450钢在4个海域的大气环境暴露1 a后,未发现明显的腐蚀现象,表明该钢短期内在上述4个海域海洋大气环境中具有良好的耐蚀性。在飞溅环境中的腐蚀速率高于大气环境,且有明显的点腐蚀现象发生,钢中未溶的NbC相会促进点腐蚀现象的发生。

Surface nanostructure formation mechanism of 45 steel induced by supersonic fine particles pombarding

By means of supersonic fine particles bombarding （SFPB）,a nanostructured surface layer up to 15 μm was fabricated on a 45 steel plate with ferrite and pearlite phases. To reveal the grain refinement mechanism of SFPB-treated 45 steel,microstructure features of various sections in the treated surface were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）,scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Grain size increases with an increase of depth from the treated surface. Plastic deformation and grain refinement processes are accompanied by an increase in strain. Plastic deformation in the proeutectoid ferrite phases has precedence over the pearlite phases. Grain refinement in the ferrite phases involves： the onset of dislocation lines （Dls）,dislocation tangles （DTs） and dense dislocation walls （DDWs） in the original grains; the formation of fine lamellar and roughly equiaxed cells separated by DDWs; by dislocation annihilation and rearrangement,the transformation of DDWS into subboundaries and boundaries and the formation of submicron grains or subgrains; the successive subdivision of grains to finer and finer scale,resulting in the formation of highly misoriented nano-grains. By contrast,eutectoid cementite phase accommodated strain in a sequence as follows： onset of elongated,bended and shear deformation under deformation stress of ferrites,short and thin cementites with a width of about 20-50 nm and discontinuous length were formed. Shorter and thinner cementites were developed into ultra-fine pieces under the action of high density dislocation and strains. At the top surface,some cementites were decomposed under severe plastic deformation. Experimental evidences and analysis indicate that surface nanocrystallization of 45 steel results from dislocation activities,high strains and high strain rate are necessary for the formation of nanocrystallites.

生态位视域下大学生“45度人生”解析与调适

“45度人生”已成为当代大学生的常用表达。针对“45度人生”所折射出的部分大学生“卷不赢”的无奈之态、“躺不平”的焦虑之态以及“摆不烂”的不屈之态,从生态位的视角分析大学生“卷不赢”“躺不平”“摆不烂”的成因,并从国家、社会、个人三个层面提出引导大学生调整为奋进的“45度”姿态的生态位策略。

Q345B/304异种钢激光填丝焊接工艺与性能研究

为了提高异种钢焊接质量,采用激光焊技术填充ER308L焊丝对Q345B低合金钢与304不锈钢两种异质材料进行焊接。在不同的激光功率下,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪等对焊接接头进行了深入的表征和分析。结果表明,当激光功率高于3 kW时,接头处得以焊透,4 kW、4.5 kW和5 kW这3种焊缝截面均呈现束腰现象,且焊缝组织均为典型的板条状马氏体,其中5 kW焊接件焊缝所含的板条马氏体更加细小,表现出最高的硬度值;4 kW焊接件的抗拉强度达到590 MPa,随着激光功率的增大,焊接件的抗拉强度逐步下降;焊缝中主要出现了Cr_(2)Ni_(3)、Fe_(2)Ni_(3)、α-Fe等相,没有大量出现对质量有较大影响的M_(23)C_(6)和σ相等有害相。采用激光填丝焊接技术能够实现Q345B/304异种钢的高质量焊接。

45号钢热轧钢板延伸率的影响因素研究

针对45号钢热轧中厚板生产过程中出现的力学性能不合格,尤其是延伸率不合格的情况,进行了关于45号钢热轧钢板延伸率影响因素的研究。通过对45号钢热轧钢板试样进行宏观性能拉伸试验和微观金相组织观察,将伸长率合格试样与不合格试样在非金属夹杂物、带状组织、珠光体百分含量、晶粒大小等方面进行了对比,得出了影响45号钢热轧钢板延伸率不合格的因素。

Microstructure and corrosion resistance of Fe-Al intermetallic coating on 45 steel synthesized by double glow plasma surface alloying technology

A binary Fe-Al alloyed layer was synthesized on 45 steel by means of double glow plasma surface alloying technique. The corrosion-resisting layer prepared is composed of a sedimentary layer and a diffusion layer, with a total thickness of about 180 μm. The aluminum content of the alloyed layer shows gradual change from surface to the inside of substrate. The ideal profile is beneficial to the metallurgical bonding of the surface alloying layer with substrate materials. The microstructure of both layers consists of the Fe-Al intermetallic compound, which is FeAl with B2 structure in the sedimentary layer and Fe3Al with incompletely ordered DO3 structure in the diffusion layer. The protective film exhibits high micro-hardness. In comparison with the substrate of 45 steel, the corrosion resistance of the aluminized sample is much higher in 2.0% Na2S and 0.05 mol/L Na2SO4 + 0.5 mol/L NaCl mixed solutions.

La-Ce稀土对Q345D钢夹杂物和冲击性能的影响

通过现场试验,分析了La-Ce稀土处理对Q345D结构钢夹杂物、连铸可浇性和钢种性能的影响。结果表明,RE在Q345D结构钢中的合金收得率为21.5%;与未添加RE的炉次相比,脱硫率提高了37.5%,单位夹杂物密度从80.16个/mm^(2),降低至60.78个/mm^(2);La-Ce稀土处理前钢液中夹杂物主要是MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO复合夹杂,La-Ce稀土处理对小尺寸(D≤5μm)夹杂物的改性作用较为明显,小尺寸夹杂物改性为(La-Ce-S)和(La-Ce-Al-S-O)稀土类夹杂物;La-Ce稀土处理可以明显降低钢中MnS类夹杂物的纵横比,使MnS类夹杂物在轧制后的形貌更接近椭圆形,而没有长线形,这是Q345D结构钢横向冲击功提高20%的主要原因。

太行鸡与隐性白羽鸡杂交后代羽色及SLC45A2和TYR基因变异分析

为探究太行鸡与隐性白羽鸡杂交后代羽色及其与SLC45A2和TYR基因变异位点的相关性,本试验对太行鸡与隐性白羽鸡进行正反交,F_1代(山水羽、麻羽)横交固定产生F_2代,统计分析2个世代个体的羽色表型并利用PCR和DNA测序筛选SLC45A2基因变异位点,将经分子鉴定的16只银羽杂合子隐性白羽公鸡与金羽半合子太行母鸡进一步杂交验证,同时利用分子检测方法鉴定TYR基因隐性白羽变异位点基因型。结果显示,F_1代出现山水羽、麻羽和白羽,其中正交F_1代山水羽、麻羽个体比例分别为79.0%和15.7%,反交F_1代山水羽、麻羽个体比例分别为15.8%和77.3%,正、反交F_1代白羽个体比例分别为5.2%和6.8%。F2代有色羽(山水羽、麻羽、深麻羽、芦花羽)与白羽鸡分离比符合孟德尔分离定律。杂交后代山水羽鸡SLC45A2基因第4外显子存在银羽突变位点c.1039C>A,麻羽鸡中未发现此变异。杂交验证后代山水羽鸡与麻羽鸡的比例接近为1:1,实际结果与理论结果相一致。杂交后代白羽鸡TYR基因内含子4的7.7 kb病毒插入突变分子检测基因型均为cc,有色羽鸡基因型为CC/Cc。结果表明太行鸡与隐性白羽鸡杂交后代羽色出现明显分化,反交组麻羽占比率相对正交组更高,银羽显性表现导致山水羽表型;白羽为常染色体隐性遗传。研究结果为太行鸡肉用特定羽色的选育与不同羽色品系培育提供了科学理论依据。