Meta Analysis of Non-penetrating Trabecular Surgery versus Trabeculectomy for the Treatment of Open Angle Glaucoma

This study compared the efficacy of non-penetrating trabecular surgery and trabeculectomy for the treatment of open angle glaucoma. We searched the Cochrane Library, PUBMED （1966 to 2009）, Embase （1980 to 2009） and CMB-disk （1979 to 2009） for the randomized clinical trials （RCT） concerning the two treatment strategies. The reports, including the papers listed in bibliographies, were evaluated against a set of quality criteria and the RCTs that satisfied the criteria were selected and subjected to Meta analysis by employing the Cochrane Collaboration＇s RevMan 4.5 software package. A total of nine RCTs were included in the study. The analyses of the reports showed that, 12 months after surgery, there was significant difference in the reduction of interocular pressure （IOP） between non-penetrating trabecular surgery and trabeculectomy （Z=6.05 P0.00001）. There also existed statistically significant difference in the reduction of IOP at the censored time between the two procedures （Z=4.92, P0.00001）. Difference in the success rate was also found between the two surgeries （Z=3.82, P=0.0001）. It is concluded that, compared with the non-penetrating trabeculectomy, the traditional trabeculectomy could reduce IOP more and had higher success rate while the non-penetrating trabecular surgery is associated with lower postoperative complications.

IOP-lowering effects for the application of human umbilical vein in non-penetrating deep sclerostomy in rabbits

AIM: To estimate the effects of human umbilical vein (HUV) implanted under the sclera of glaucoma model on intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering and to investigate its related mechanisms METHODS: A total of 20 human umbilical veins (HUV) were collected from healthy fetus umbilical core. After the establishment of glaucoma model in rabbits, human freeze-dried umbilical vein was implanted under the sclera during NPDS, while for control group, sclerostomy was performed without implant. The formation of the filtration bleb and TOP were detected every 24 hours before surgery and on day 3, 7, 10 and 14 after surgery. Handheld pen-type Tono-pen II tonometer was used to measure TOP after topical anesthesia treatment. Each measurement has three duplicates. The incision recovery, filtration, conjunctiva congestion and anterior chamber inflammation were observed everyday after surgery. RESULTS: IOP was decreased dramatically with less inflammation than traditional sclerostomies with the application of HUV. The significant differences of IOP between the NPDS with and without HUV implant groups were shown up from 10 days after surgery. The average TOP in NPDS without HUV implant was 14.25mmHg, while for NPDS with HUV implant group, it was 12.30mmHg. This structure of filtration bleb, which allowed the aqueous humor to leave the eye, was formed for any type of surgery. However, 1-2 weeks later, filtration bleb was still Existed in the group of sclerostomy with HUV implant and more stable than that of the surgery without HUV implant. Histological observations were performed on day 3, 7 and 14 after surgery. For the eyes under sclerostomy with HUV implant, HUV lumina was shown up on 3 days after surgery with few fibroblast cells near the sclera. On 7 days after surgery, HUV lumina was stably maintained but with obvious fibroblast cells and inflammatory cell. On 14 days after surgery, HUV lumina was still clearly observed but with scarring formation, which suggests that the IOP lowering effects might result from an effective drainage structure formation. CONCLUSION: HUV might be an alternative material to make the drainage pathway for non-penetrating deep sclerostomy.

Non-Split PML Boundary Condition for Finite Element Time-Domain Modeling of Ground Penetrating Radar

As a highly efficient absorbing boundary condition, Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) has been widely used in Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) based on the first order electromagnetic wave equation. However, the PML boundary condition is difficult to apply in GPR Finite Element Time Domain (FETD) simulation based on the second order electromagnetic wave equation. This paper developed a non-split perfectly matched layer (NPML) boundary condition for GPR FETD simulation based on the second order electromagnetic wave equation. Taking two-dimensional TM wave equation as an example, the second order frequency domain equation of GPR was derived according to the definition of complex extending coordinate transformation. Then it transformed into time domain by means of auxiliary differential equation method, and its FETD equation is derived based on Galerkin method. On this basis, a GPR FETD forward program based on NPML boundary condition is developed. The merits of NPML boundary condition are certified by compared with wave field snapshots, signal and reflection errors of homogeneous medium model with split and non-split PML boundary conditions. The comparison demonstrated that the NPML algorithm can reduce memory occupation and improve calculation efficiency. Furthermore, numerical simulation of a complex model verifies the good absorption effects of the NPML boundary condition in complex structures.

不同侵蚀环境下水下不分散混凝土抗Cl-和SO_(4)^(2-)渗透性能研究

在不同侵蚀环境中的水下不分散混凝土会受到侵蚀离子的渗透,严重影响水下不分散混凝土的耐久性能。研究了不同强度等级的水下不分散混凝土在氯盐溶液、硫酸盐溶液和复合盐溶液3种侵蚀环境下抵抗侵蚀离子渗透的能力。通过分析不同矿渣掺量下抗侵蚀离子渗透性能的影响,探究Cl^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)在渗透过程中的耦合作用,并利用AutoPoreIV9500压汞仪测试不同侵蚀龄期各试样的孔隙特征。结果表明:在距离侵蚀表面5 mm和30 mm处,C35混凝土比C25混凝土的离子浓度降低7%~60%;在相同侵蚀环境下,掺入矿渣粉可以显著减小水下不分散混凝土中侵蚀离子浓度;水下不分散混凝土中的孔隙组成以直径小于50 nm的介孔和微孔为主,矿渣的掺入细化了孔隙结构。即水下不分散混凝土的抗渗性能随着其抗压强度等级的提高而显著提高,并且矿渣粉的掺入使结构更加致密,从而有效提高混凝土抗Cl^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)渗透性能。

MODELING COMPLIANT NON-PENETRATION CONSTRAINT FOR VP MOTION SIMULATION

A unilateral non-penetration constraint dynamical simulation model withfriction is constructed based on compliant model for mechanical system VP (virtual prototyping)simulation. This model combines computer graphics with multi-body system dynamics. It avoidshandling multiplicity of solution, such as cases of no solution, multi-solution brought about byfriction during traditional construction of non-penetration constraint based on rigid model. At thesame time, the realism of VE (virtual environment) is improved in process of simulation.Furthermore, the valid condition of rolling and sliding unilateral contact is constituted based onsingular perturbation and linear complementary theory. Finally, the compliant method is verified byan interaction between a multi-legged robot and VE.

肥胖儿童non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol与亚临床动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的:了解non-HDL-C和remnant cholesterol与肥胖儿童亚临床动脉粥样硬化(AS)的关系。方法:根据甘油三酯(TG)水平将65例肥胖儿童(肥胖组)分为I组(TG≥2.3 mmol/L)32例,II组(TG<2.3 mmol/L)33例,与肥胖组儿童性别年龄相匹配的正常体质量儿童30例为III组(对照组)。比较3组儿童血脂指标,对肥胖组各项血脂指标与血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)进行相关性分析,肥胖患儿体质指数、血脂指标与颈动脉内径、内膜-中层厚度(c-IMT)、血流参数进行相关性分析。结果:I组、II组的TG、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol、AIP均较对照组升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)较对照组降低,且I组的remnant cholesterol、AIP均较II组升高。肥胖组儿童AIP与TG、non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关。37例行颈动脉超声检查的肥胖儿童的c-IMT较正常儿童的增厚。结论:non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol在肥胖儿童亚临床AS中有重要作用,在肥胖儿童血脂异常的治疗中应关注non-HDL-C、remnant cholesterol的变化。

基于非分裂CFS-PML边界条件的频散介质GPR时域有限元模拟

通过数值模拟研究探地雷达(GPR)高频电磁波在频散介质中的传播规律,对提高实测资料的解释精度具有重要意义.复频移完全匹配层边界条件(CFS-PML)以其优越的吸收特性被广泛用于一阶电磁波动方程的GPR时域有限差分数值模拟中,其实现过程大都涉及电磁场的卷积计算,辅助变量较多,降低计算效率.为此,本文从复拉伸坐标系下的Debye频散介质电磁波动方程出发,通过合理构造辅助微分方程,推导了二阶Debye频散介质电磁波动方程的非分裂CFS-PML边界条件实现公式,避免了电磁波场的分裂和卷积计算.在此基础上,利用Galerkin法和Newmark-β差分法推导了基于非分裂CFS-PML边界条件的GPR有限元方程及其时域差分离散格式.两个GPR模型的模拟结果表明:本文提出的基于辅助微分方程的非分裂CFS-PML边界条件实现方法可有效地吸收大角度入射的低频虚假反射波,提高模拟精度;相比于非频散介质,高频电磁波在频散介质中传播衰减更强、子波持续时间增大、分辨率和传播速度降低、直达波和反射波的主频更小,分析结果有助于提高实测GPR资料的解译精度.

Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with GP chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer： a meta-analysis

Objective： To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin（GP） in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： we performed a systematicsearch in the electronic databases such as Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Full-text Database andWanfang Database up to 30 January 2017. Randomized controlled trials （RCT） of Shenqi Fuzheng Injectioncombined with GP chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC were searched, and all the RCTs wereconducted on methodological quality assessment. Data extraction and data analysis were according to standards ofCochrane systematic review. Results： Eight trials were included including a total of 701 patients. Meta-analysisresults： Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with GP chemotherapy could significantly improve the functionalstatus of patients with NSCLC （OR = 3.44, 95% CI [2.26, 5.25], P 〈 0.0001） and clinical treatment efficacy （OR =（OR = 0.31, 95%CI [0.20, 0.47], P 〈 0.0001. The rate of leukopenia （OR = .31, 95%CI [0.20,0.47], P 〈 0.0001）,thrombocytopenia （OR = 0.58, 95%CI [0.37, 0.91], P = 0.020）, hemoglobin decline （（OR = 0.31, 95%CI [0.16,0.59], P = 0.0004） and incidence of gastrointestinal reactions （OR = 0.58,P 〈 0.05） could be reduced. Conclusion：Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with GP chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced NSCLC obtainedsignificantly clinical efficacy. The quality of the literature incorporated is low, the conclusion requires high-qualityresearch to further prove.

Analytical models for the penetration of semi-infinite targets by rigid,deformable and erosive long rods

A theoretical study is presented herein on the pen- etration of a semi-infinite target by a spherical-headed long rod for Yp 〉 S, where Yp is the penetrator strength and S is the static target resistance. For Yp 〉 S, depending upon initial impact velocity, there exist three types of penetration, namely, penetration by a rigid long rod, penetration by a deforming non-erosive long rod and penetration by an erosive long rod. If the impact velocity of the penetrator is higher than the hydrodynamic velocity （VH）, it will penetrate the target in an erosive mode; if the impact velocity lies between the hydrodynamic velocity （VH） and the rigid body velocity （VR）, it will penetrate the target in a deformable mode; if the impact velocity is less than the rigid body velocity （VR）, it will penetrate the target in a rigid mode. The critical conditions for the transition among these three penetration modes are proposed. It is demonstrated that the present model predictions correlate well with the experimental observations in terms of depth of penetration （DOP） and the critical transition conditions.

Spudcan Penetration Simulation Using the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Method with Thermo-Mechanical Coupled Analysis

A novel modeling technique based on the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL) method is provided to solve the geotechnical problems with large deformations. The technique is intended to solve the update problem of soil mechanical properties during spudcan penetration in normally consolidated clay soil. In the CEL model, the normal method of assigning an increasing shear strength profile with depth(NA) is defective due to its Eulerian framework. In this paper, a new technique is proposed to update soil material properties by introducing thermo-mechanical coupled analysis(TMCA) to the CEL models. During establishment of the CEL models, the optimal penetration velocity and minimum mesh size are determined through parametric studies. Reasonability and accuracy are then verified through comparison of the preliminary results with the soil flow configuration and penetration resistance(Fv) of a centrifuge test, and the results of the proposed method are compared with those of the remeshing and interpolation technique with small strain(RITSS) method. To achieve a CEL model with satisfactory accuracy, the NA and TMCA methods implemented in the CEL models and the RITSS method are first adopted in weightless soil. Comparison of the findings with those obtained in previous studies shows that the TMCA method can update material properties and predict Fv. The TMCA method is then applied to soils with self-weight and different shear strength profiles. Results show that the proposed method is capable of accurately modeling the large deformation problem of spudcan penetration in non-homogeneous clay.

Penetrating Abdominal Injuries: Pattern and Outcome of Management in Khartoum

Background: The pattern and presentation of penetrating abdominal trauma vary according to places and the structure of the present health system. As well controversies in management exist ranging from mandatory exploration to selective non-operative management. Objectives: To determine the pattern of penetrating abdominal trauma, current management practiced and outcome in Khartoum. Patients and Methods: The study was prospective, descriptive and hospital-based. It was carried out at the main three hospitals in Khartoum State. It was conducted over a period of one year from 2012 Mar to 2013 Mar. All patients who presented penetrating injury to their abdomen were included. Results: The study included 85 patients with a mean age of 28 years (SD ± 10). The male to female ratio was 11:1. Most of the patients (89.4%) were in the first four decades of their life. Twenty-three patients (27.1%) presented shock. Stab wound is the commonest mode of trauma seen in 83.5% of our patients. The majority of our patients were managed by exploratory laparotomy (81.2%), however 16 (18.8%) underwent conservative measures. Of the operated group, solid organ injuries were found in 22.9%, yet hollow viscous injuries were reported in 86.9% of the patients. Registrars operated on 78.26% of the patients. The rate of negative laparotomy of this study was 8.7%. Complications and mortality were encountered in 25.9% and 4.7% respectively. The mean hospital stay was 8.47 days (SD ± 10.6). Conclusion: This study demonstrates no difference in the pattern of intra-abdominal injuries. The rate of operative treatment is acceptable, but more laparotomies can be avoided if the haemodynamic stable patients without features of peritonitis were given a period of observation. The overall outcome was satisfactory.

Analysis of Numerical Results in High Temperature Congealment and Chemistry Non-equilibrium Flow Field

Using the air plasma ignition technique, physicochemical process of burning can be accelerated; concentration limit ofretrofires both can be extended; reliability of retrofires and stability of burning can be improved. In this paper, using internalequivalent heat area in place of electric are that created Ohm heat, the flow fields of thermodynamic equilibrium chemistry con-gealment and chemistry non-equilibrium in the plasma generator were simulated. The influences of the inlet prerotation angleof air, the inlet total pressure of air and the airflow compression angle of spray nozzle on the temperature on the surface of elec-

Turbulent Flow Action of Pulp in Wet - Laid Non - Woven Processes

The paper deals with the fluid field of web forming in wet-laid non-woven production.The influence of the turbulent flow on blending fiber and occluded fluid produced in pulp flow has been discussed in theory and practice.The suitable use of the imported velocity of pulp is very important in producing wet-laid products of good quality.

NON-DESTRUCTIVE PAVEMENT LAYER THICKNESS MEASUREMENT USING EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION WITH GPR

Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR) is an effective Non-Destructive Testing(NDT) technique for highway pavement surveys, which is able to acquire continuous pavement data compared with traditional core drilling method. In this study, we proposed an accurate and efficient method to estimate the thickness of each pavement layer using an air-coupled GPR system. For this work, the main difficulties are estimating each pavement layer's time delay and dielectric constant. We first give the basic signal model for pavement evaluation, and then present an Intrinsic Mode Functions(IMFs) product detector to determine each pavement layer's time delay. This method is based on Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD), which is an adaptive signal decomposition procedure and proved to be suitable for suppressing noises in GPR signal. The dielectric constant was determined by metal reflection measurement. The laboratory and highway experiments illustrate that the proposed thickness estimation method yields reasonable result, thus meets the requirements of practical highway pavement survey with massive GPR data.

CYFRA 21-1 as an early predictor of first line chemotherapy response in advanced non small cell lung cancer

Objective： In an era of ever evolving, promising new therapies for advanced non small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, early predictors of response to therapy, are needed. We evaluated early variations in CYFRA 21-1 serum levels of patients with advanced NSCLC receiving first line chemotherapy and correlated the results with objective tumor response. Methods： 29 consecutive, previously untreated, patients of advanced non small cell lung cancer, with measurable disease on CT scan were evaluated. All patients were treated with conventional systemic chemotherapy, although the choice of chemotherapy was left to the discretion of the treating physicians. Serum samples were obtained immediately before the start of 1st and 2nd cycles of chemotherapy. CYFRA 21-1 was measured with an electrochemiluminescense immunoassay on an automatic analyzer （Elecsys 2000; Roche Diagnostics）. Response was evaluated using Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors （RECIST） criteria. Results： 10 patients had partial response, 9 patients had stable disease and 9 had progressive disease. None of the patients had complete response. 21/29 （72%） patients had an elevated baseline value of CYFRA 21-1.62% patients （18/29） had a decrease in CYFRA 21-1 after 1 cycle of chemotherapy. The average reduction in the 2nd reading was irrespective of whether baseline value was normal or not. The average reduction was statistically significant （P = 0.002; 95% CI, from 0.8369 to 3.49464; t test）. 8 out of 10 （80%） patients with partial response had a reduction in their 2nd reading of. CYFRA （P = 0.019; 95% CI, from 0.81965 to 7.20035; t test） which was significant. We also observed that 6/9 （66%） patients whose disease remains stable also had a decrease in their subsequent reading （P = 0.0106; 95% CI, from -0.44942 to 3.82720; t test）, though it was not significant statistically. Although 5 out of 9 （55%） patients, who had an increase in their CYFRA 21-1 level, had progressive disease, but it was not statistically significant （P = 0.537; 95% CI, from -1.20021 to 2.13354; ttest）. 14 out of 19 （73%） who either had partial response or had stable disease, had a reduction in their 2nd value of CYFRA 21-1 and was significant statistically （P = 0.004; 95% CI, from 0.74792 to 3.50208; t test）. We also observed that except for 1 patient, all patients who had a decrease of 42% or more in their subsequent CYFRA 21-1 level, were those who had either responded to chemotherapy or had stable disease （P = 0.001）, which was statistically significant. Conclusion： We can conclude that monitoring of serum marker CYFRA 21-1, early dudng first-line chemotherapy may be a useful prognostic tool for evaluation of early tumor response in patients with advanced NSCLC.

MiR-16-5p plays an inhibitory role in human non-small cell lung cancer through Fermitin family member 2

Increasing evidence indicates that aberrant expressions of some microRNAs are associated with cancer progression.However,the roles and biological mechanisms of miRNA-16-5p in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)are not to be well studied.Here,we validated that the expression of miR-16-5p was decreased significantly in NSCLC samples and cell lines.The correlation between the clinicopathological features of NSCLC and the miR-16-5p expression showed that the expression of miR-16-5p in non-small cell lung cancer was linked with the advanced TNM stage,positive lymph node metastasis,with short overall survival(OS).Also,a negative correlation between miR-16-5p and Fermitin family member 2(FERMT2)was observed,implying there may be a potential link about their regulation.The hypothesis was further confirmed by in-silico analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay.Moreover,we demonstrated that the transfections of miR-16-5p mimics could alter some biological characteristics of NSCLC cells remarkably accomplished by the expression variance of FERMT2 in vitro and in vivo assays.Summarily,this study demonstrated that miR-16-5p,as a tumor suppression factor in NSCLC by targeting FERMT2,could serve as one promising biomarker in the prediction for NSCLC patients.

高频探地雷达在古城墙修复效果评价中的应用

在长期环境污染、自然因素和人为因素的共同影响和作用下,明长城得胜堡墙体结构出现了裂隙、空鼓开裂、墙体基础掏蚀、酥碱、植物根系等病害。研究利用探地雷达技术分别对得胜堡三个代表性城墙区域进行检测,探地雷达剖面图显示修缮后的城墙体状况有明显的改观,特别是经过传统逐层夯筑法修缮后的古城墙体,每层夯筑层连续性好,无明显异常,清晰可获得均匀的夯筑层厚度为0.02 m,可有效防治裂隙、空鼓、毛细现象及动植物等病害。采用土坯砖垒砌法修缮的城墙虽然在一定程度上起到了保护的作用,但由于土坯砖间连接的不密实,容易为毛细水、自然降水、动植物等提供产生裂隙、空鼓、生物等病害的条件,对于城墙的长久保存效果仍不够理想。采用探地雷达可快速了解古城墙的保存现状和修复性能,适宜开展大面积古城墙调查。

沥青路面内部缺陷无损检测技术研究综述

为了快速、准确地检测出沥青路面内部缺陷和病害,以便及时采取养护或其他处理措施,保障道路行车安全。同时,为促进沥青路面内部隐性病害和缺陷无损检测技术的发展,对现有沥青路面内部缺陷的无损检测技术进行了综述。分别综述了探地雷达的基本原理、在沥青路面检测中的应用以及探地雷达图谱的智能识别,超声波检测技术的检测原理、超声波的衰减规律研究和其在路面内部缺陷检测中的应用与研究,红外热成像技术、核子密度仪、无核密度仪和瑞利波法的检测原理和在沥青路面内部缺陷检测中的应用与研究,最后汇总了各检测技术的检测原理、检测缺陷类型和优缺点等,并探讨了各检测技术存在的问题和未来的发展方向,为沥青路面内部缺陷无损检测技术的进一步应用与研究提供了参考和依据。

异形弹体高速侵彻/穿甲机理研究进展

为支撑超高声速武器终点毁伤效应评估,满足异形弹体侵彻力学理论发展需求,异形弹体侵彻机理是当前亟需研究的关键基础科学问题。对异形弹体侵彻行为、弹靶作用机制、弹道稳定性与结构响应研究现状进行全面综述,对现有研究工作进行梳理与总结,搭建异形弹体侵彻问题研究的基本框架;以异形弹体侵彻/穿甲过程中出现的新质弹靶作用现象、机理为脉络,突出异形弹体结构对载荷环境表征、弹道及结构稳定性控制等方面带来的新挑战,并提出了异形弹体未来研究的3个建议,供相关研究者参考。