Upper gastrointestinal bleeding etiology score for predicting variceal and non-variceal bleeding

AIM:To identify clinical parameters,and develop an Upper Gastrointesinal Bleeding (UGIB) Etiology Score for predicting the types of UGIB and validate the score.METHODS:Patients with UGIB who underwent endoscopy within 72 h were enrolled. Clinical and basic laboratory parameters were prospectively collected. Predictive factors for the types of UGIB were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses and were used to generate the UGIB Etiology Score. The best cutoff of the score was defi ned from the receiver operating curve and prospectively validated in another set of patients with UGIB.RESULTS:Among 261 patients with UGIB,47 (18%) had variceal and 214 (82%) had non-variceal bleeding. Univariate analysis identified 27 distinct parameters significantly associated with the types of UGIB. Logistic regression analysis identified only 3 independent factors for predicting variceal bleeding; previous diagnosis of cirrhosis or signs of chronic liver disease (OR 22.4,95% CI 8.3-60.4,P < 0.001),red vomitus (OR 4.6,95% CI 1.8-11.9,P = 0.02),and red nasogastric (NG) aspirate (OR 3.3,95% CI 1.3-8.3,P = 0.011). The UGIB Etiology Score was calculated from (3.1 × previous diagnosis of cirrhosis or signs of chronic liver disease) + (1.5 × red vomitus) + (1.2 × red NG aspirate),when 1 and 0 are used for the presence and absence of each factor,respectively. Using a cutoff≥ 3.1,the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value (PPV),and negative predictive value (NPV) in predicting variceal bleeding were 85%,81%,82%,50%,and 96%,respectively. The score was prospectively validated in another set of 195 UGIB cases (46 variceal and 149 non-variceal bleeding). The PPV and NPV of a score ≥ 3.1 for variceal bleeding were 79% and 97%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The UGIB Etiology Score,composed of 3 parameters,using a cutoff ≥ 3.1 accurately predicted variceal bleeding and may help to guide the choice of initial therapy for UGIB before endoscopy.

Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Rescue treatment with a modified cyanoacrylate

AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a modified cyanoacrylate [N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate associated with methacryloxysulfolane(NBCA + MS)] to treat nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NV-UGIB).METHODS In our retrospective study we took into account 579 out of 1177 patients receiving endoscopic treatment for NV-UGIB admitted to our institution from 2008 to 2015; the remaining 598 patients were treated with other treatments. Initial hemostasis was not achieved in 45 of 579 patients; early rebleeding occurred in 12 of 579 patients. Thirty-three patients were treated with modified cyanoacrylate: 27 patients had duodenal, gastric or anastomotic ulcers, 3 had post-mucosectomy bleeding, 2 had Dieulafoy's lesions, and 1 had duodenal diverticular bleeding.RESULTS Of the 45 patients treated endoscopically without initialhemostasis or with early rebleeding, 33(76.7%) were treated with modified cyanoacrylate glue, 16(37.2%) underwent surgery, and 3(7.0%) were treated with selective transarterial embolization. The mean age of patients treated with NBCA + MS(23 males and 10 females) was 74.5 years. Modified cyanoacrylate was used in 24 patients during the first endoscopy and in 9 patients experiencing rebleeding. Overall, hemostasis was achieved in 26 of 33 patients(78.8%): 19 out of 24(79.2%) during the first endoscopy and in 7 out of 9(77.8%) among early rebleeders. Two patients(22.2%) not responding to cyanoacrylate treatment were treated with surgery or transarterial embolization. One patient had early rebleeding after treatment with cyanoacrylate. No late rebleeding during the follow-up or complications related to the glue injection were recorded.CONCLUSION Modified cyanoacrylate solved definitively NV-UGIB after failure of conventional treatment. Some reported life-threatening adverse events with other formulations, advise to use it as last option.

Endoscopic advances in the management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding:A review

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is defined as the bleeding originating from the esophagus to the ligament of Treitz and further classified into variceal and nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding.Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains a common clinical problem globally.It is associated with high mortality,morbidity,and cost of the health care system.Despite the continuous improvement of therapeutic endoscopy,the 30-d readmission rate secondary to rebleeding and associated mortality is an ongoing issue.Available Food and Drug Administration approved traditional or conventional therapeutic endoscopic modalities includes epinephrine injection,argon plasma coagulation,heater probe,and placement of through the scope clip,which can be used alone or in combination to decrease the risk of rebleeding.Recently,more attention has been paid to the novel advanced endoscopic devices for primary treatment of the bleeding lesion and as a secondary measure when conventional therapies fail to achieve hemostasis.This review highlights emerging endoscopic modalities used in the management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal related bleeding such as over-the-scope clip,Coagrasper,hemostatic sprays,radiofrequency ablation,cryotherapy,endoscopic suturing devices,and endoscopic ultrasound-guided angiotherapy.In this review article,we will also discuss the technical aspects of the common procedures,outcomes in terms of safety and efficacy,and their advantages and limitations in the setting of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Aspirin use for primary prophylaxis: Adverse outcomes in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

AIM: To compare outcomes of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB) taking aspirin for primary prophylaxis to those not taking it.METHODS: Patients not known to have any vascular disease(coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease) who were admitted to the American University of Beirut Medical Center between 1993 and 2010 with NVUGIB were included. The frequencies of in-hospital mortality, re-bleeding, severe bleeding, need for surgery or embolization, and of a composite outcome defined as the occurrence of any of the 4 bleeding related adverse outcomes were compared between patients receiving aspirin and those on no antithrombotics. We also compared frequency of in hospital complications and length of hospital stay between the two groups.RESULTS: Of 357 eligible patients, 94 were on aspirin and 263 patients were on no antithrombotics(controlgroup). Patients in the aspirin group were older, the mean age was 58 years in controls and 67 years in the aspirin group(P < 0.001). Patients in the aspirin group had significantly more co-morbidities, including diabetes mellitus and hypertension [25(27%) vs 31(112%) and44(47%) vs 74(28%) respectively,(P = 0.001)], as well as dyslipidemia [21(22%) vs 16(6%), P < 0.0001).Smoking was more frequent in the aspirin group [34(41%) vs 60(27%), P = 0.02)]. The frequencies of endoscopic therapy and surgery were similar in both groups. Patients who were on aspirin had lower inhospital mortality rates(2.1% vs 13.7%, P = 0.002),shorter hospital stay(4.9 d vs 7 d, P = 0.01), and fewer composite outcomes(10.6% vs 24%, P = 0.01). The frequencies of in-hospital complications and re-bleeding were similar in the two groups.CONCLUSION: Patients who present with NVUGIB while receiving aspirin for primary prophylaxis had fewer adverse outcomes. Thus aspirin may have a protective effect beyond its cardiovascular benefits.

Efficacy of ankaferd blood stopper application on nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

AIM:To prospectively assess the hemostatic efficacy of the endoscopic topical use of ankaferd blood stopper(ABS) in active non-variceal upper gastrointestinal system(GIS) bleeding.METHODS:Endoscopy was performed on 220 patients under suspiciency of GIS bleeding.Patients with active non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB) with a spurting or oozing type were included.Firstly,8-10 cc of isotonic saline was sprayed to bleeding lesions.Then,8 cc of ABS was applied on lesions in which bleeding continued after isotonic saline application.The other endoscopic therapeutic methods were applied on the lesions in which the bleeding did not stop after ABS.RESULTS:Twenty-seven patients had an active NVUGIB with a spurting or oozing type and 193 patients were excluded from the study since they did not have non-variceal active bleeding.8 cc of ABS was sprayed on to the lesions of 26 patients whose bleeding continued after isotonic saline and in 19 of them,bleeding stopped after ABS.Other endoscopic treatment methods were applied to the remaining patients and the bleeding was stopped with these interventions in 6 of 7 patients.CONCLUSION:ABS is an effective method on NVUGIB,particularly on young patients with no coagulopathy.ABS may be considered as part of a combination treatment with other endoscopic methods.

The clinical significance of upper gastrointestinal bleeding etiology score in determining variceal bleeding

BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common, and potentially life threatening condition, which can be divided into variceal and non-variceal sources of bleeding. OBJECTIVE: To examine the validity of the upper gastrointestinal bleeding etiology score compared to the current gold standard, the emergency Esophagogastroduodenos-copy (EGD), for determining the etiology of UGIB. METHODOLOGY: 101 patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding presented in the emergency department of Capital Hospital, Islamabad between February 2010 and March 2012 were in- cluded in this cross-sectional study. The upper gastrointestinal bleeding score was computed for each case by accounting for the clinical parameters of previous diagnosis of cirrhosis or signs of chronic liver disease × 3.1, presence of red vomitus × 1.5, and red N/G aspirate × 1.2. Each parameter was given a score of 1 if present, and 0 if absent, with a total score ≥3.1 favoring variceal bleed, and a score of <3.1 indicating non-variceal bleeding as a cause of UGIB. Esophago-gastroduodenoscopy was performed within 72 hours of presentation. RESULTS: The mean ± SD age of the patients was 50.2 ± 14.1 years ranging from 18 to 80 years. Out of 101 patients, 56% were males while the remaining 44% were females. The sensitivity of the UGIB score was 78.2% and the specificity was 84.3%. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 91.5% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 64.2%. The overall diagnostic accuracy of UGIB score in determining variceal bleeding was found to be 80.2%. CONCLUSION: Variceal bleeding is a common cause of UGIB in Pakistan. UGIB etiology score is a highly sensitive and specific clinical tool in determining the etiology of UGIB as either variceal or non-variceal bleeding.

In-hospital acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: What is the scope of the problem?

BACKGROUND Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding(AUGIB)is a frequently encountered condition in the Gastroenterology field with a mortality rate of 10-14%.Despite recent newer innovations and advancements in endoscopic techniques and available medications,the mortality rate associated with AUGIB remained persistently elevated.AIM To explore mortality,characteristics and outcome differences between hospitalized patients who develop AUGIB while in-hospital,and patients who initially present with AUGIB.METHODS This is a retrospective of patients who presented to Northwell Health Staten Island University Hospital from October 2012 to October 2016 with AUGIB that was confirmed endoscopically.Patients were divided in two groups:Group 1 comprised patients who developed AUGIB during their hospital stay;group 2 consisted of patients who initially presented with AUGIB as their main complaint.Patient characteristics,time to endoscopy,endoscopy findings and interventions,and clinical outcomes were collected and compared between groups.RESULTS A total of 336 patients were included.Group 1 consisted of 139 patients and group 2 of 196 patients.Mortality was significantly higher in the 1st group compared to the 2nd(20%vs 3.1%,P≤0.05).Increased length of stay(LOS)was noted in the 1st group(13 vs 6,P≤0.05).LOS post-endoscopy,vasopressor use,number of packed red blood cell units and patients requiring fresh frozen plasma were higher in group 1.Inpatients were more likely to be on corticosteroids,antiplatelets and anticoagulants.Conversely,the mean time from bleeding to undergoing upper endoscopy was significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2.CONCLUSION In-hospital AUGIB is associated with high mortality and morbidity despite a shorter time to endoscopy.Larger scale studies assessing the role of increased comorbidities and antithrombotic use in this setting are warranted.

Massive bleeding from gastric submucosal arterial collaterals secondary to splenic artery thrombosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Gastric submucosal arterial collaterals(GSAC)secondary to splenic artery occlusion is an extraordinary rare and potentially life-threatening cause of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Here,we report a case of massive bleeding from GSAC successfully treated by means of a multidisciplinary minimally invasive approach.CASE SUMMARY A 60-year-old non-cirrhotic gentleman with a history of arterial hypertension was admitted due to hematemesis.Emergent esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed pulsating and tortuous varicose shaped submucosal vessels in the gastric fundus along with a small erosion overlying one of the vessels.In order to characterize the fundic lesion,pre-operative emergent computed tomography-angiography was performed showing splenic artery thrombosis(SAT)and tortuous arterial structures arising from the left gastric artery and the left gastroepiploic artery in the gastric fundus.GSAC was successfully treated by means of a minimally invasive step-up approach consisting in endoscopic clipping followed by transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE).CONCLUSION This was a previously unreported case of bleeding GSAC secondary to SAT successfully managed by means of a multidisciplinary minimally invasive approach consisting in endoscopic clipping for the luminal bleeding control followed by elective TAE for the definitive treatment.

案例整合情景模拟教学模式在急性上消化道出血见习教学中的应用

目的探讨案例整合情景模拟教学模式应用于急性上消化道出血见习教学的教学成效。方法选取广州医科大学临床医学(南山班)2021级40名医学生为研究对象,随机分为两组,其中22名为实验组,采用案例整合情景模教学模式;另18名同学为对照组,采用传统床旁见习教学模式。教学内容为急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血。结果实验组和对照组消化内科学总得分无统计学差异(P>0.05),涉及消化道出血相关内容的得分情况实验组得分明显优于对照组,两组间有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在课后满意度调查中,大部分实验组同学对新教学模式满意度较高并积极参与。结论案例整合情景模拟教学模式在激发学习兴趣、培养医学职业素养、活跃课堂气氛等方面明显优于传统床边教学模式,适于消化内科的实践教学,可作为医学本科见习的常规教学方法进行推广及使用。

艾司奥美拉唑联合云南白药治疗急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的疗效

目的观察艾司奥美拉唑联合云南白药治疗急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding,ANVUGIB)的效果。方法将112例ANVUGIB患者随机分为对照组与观察组,每组56例。对照组患者给予艾司奥美拉唑治疗,观察组给予艾司奥美拉唑联合云南白药治疗。比较2组的临床疗效、止血情况与不良反应发生情况,检测并比较血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、红细胞计数(red blood cell count,RBC)和血清炎症因子水平。结果观察组12、24、48 h内的止血率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但2组72 h内的止血成功率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的输血量显著少于对照组,止血时间与住院时间较对照组显著缩短(P<0.05);观察组的再出血率(1.79%)显著低于对照组(10.71%),P<0.05,但2组外科手术率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组的RBC和Hb均显著升高,且观察组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);2组血清超敏C反应蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)均显著降低,且观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论艾司奥美拉唑联合云南白药治疗ANVUGIB可抑制炎症反应并提高Hb水平,提高止血成功率、缩短出血时间并降低再出血率。

内镜下不同钛夹封闭时间对NVUGIB患者止血有效率及再出血率的影响

目的探讨内镜下不同钛夹封闭时间对非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(NVUGIB)止血有效率及再出血率的影响。方法选回顾性选取2020年3月到2023年3月福建省南平市邵武市立医院收治的96例NVUGIB患者为研究对象,根据内镜下钛夹封闭时间分为早期组(50例,入院后6~<12 h进行治疗)及常规组(46例,入院后12~24 h进行治疗)。比较两组治疗后止血有效率、治疗前后免疫因子水平、治疗后再出血率。结果治疗后,早期组止血有效率为98.00%,明显高于常规组的82.61%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.991,P=0.025)。治疗前,两组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、NK细胞水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、NK细胞水平均高于治疗前,且早期组均高于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,早期组总再出血率为4.00%,低于常规组的21.74%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.892,P=0.008)。结论入院后6~<12 h内对NVUGIB患者进行内镜下钛夹封闭能有效提高NVUGIB止血有效率,改善患者免疫功能,降低再出血发生率,有利于改善患者预后。

内镜下OTSC吻合夹止血在急诊难治性急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血中的应用价值

目的评估内镜吻合夹系统(OTSC)吻合夹止血对急诊难治性急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(ANVUGIB)患者的止血效果、炎症状态的影响。方法选取125例急诊难治性(ANVUGIB)急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者(来自青岛市中心医院),依据止血夹的不同分为观察组66例和对照组59例,分别应用内镜下OTSC吻合夹、内镜下金属钛夹止血治疗。对比两组患者的临床疗效、术后恢复情况、止血效果、炎症状态以及短期随访结果。结果与对照组相比,观察组患者的有效止血率、即时止血率、转外科或介入手术治疗率、1周内再次出血率等止血效果指标均更优(均P<0.05),潜血转阴时间、住院时间、呕血消失时间等止血效果指标均更短(均P<0.05),以及治疗有效率、住院费用更高(P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者炎症指标均下降,且观察组患者的血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后2个月随访,金属钛夹自行脱落6例,OTSC吻合夹均在原位,差异有显著性(P<0.05),而两组均未出现消化道穿孔、消化道瘘等并发症。结论ANVUGIB患者应用内镜下OTSC吻合夹止血较内镜下金属钛夹止血的效果更佳,可快速康复,减少了外科手术率,提高止血效果,减轻炎症状态,安全可靠;但从经济费用层面来看,费用仍较高。

内镜下可旋转重复开闭软组织夹止血联合奥曲肽、奥美拉唑治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的效果及对凝血功能的影响

目的探讨内镜下可旋转重复开闭软组织夹止血联合奥曲肽、奥美拉唑治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的效果。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月收治的120例非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各60例。对照组采用奥曲肽、奥美拉唑治疗,观察组在对照组基础上行内镜下可旋转重复开闭软组织夹止血治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的即时止血率、止血有效率高于对照组,72 h再出血率低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)短于对照组,D-二聚体(D-D)水平低于对照组,纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的α-颗粒膜糖蛋白(CD62P)低于对照组,血小板计数(PLT)和血小板聚集率(PAR)高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论内镜下可旋转重复开闭软组织夹止血联合奥曲肽、奥美拉唑治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者可改善血小板活化功能及凝血功能,提高整体治疗效果。

兰索拉唑联合奥曲肽治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的临床效果

目的 探究兰索拉唑联合奥曲肽治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的临床效果。方法 以50例非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者为对象,随机分成参照组及研究组,每组25例。参照组实施兰索拉唑治疗,研究组实施奥曲肽联合兰索拉唑治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果,出血情况,血红蛋白水平,不良反应发生情况,生活质量。结果 研究组患者治疗有效率为100.00%,高于参照组的84.00%,差异显著(P<0.05)。研究组持续出血量(186.56±62.56)ml少于参照组的(312.67±112.56)ml、持续出血时间(11.45±4.56)h短于参照组的(21.35±5.67)h,差异显著(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的血红蛋白水平均升高,且研究组血红蛋白水平(104.62±30.09)g/L高于参照组的(87.54±23.34)g/L,差异显著(P<0.05)。参照组患者不良反应发生率为8.00%,研究组患者不良反应发生率为4.00%,比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的生活质量评分均升高,且研究组生活质量评分(91.34±5.87)分高于参照组的(80.89±5.67)分,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论 非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者实施奥曲肽联合兰索拉唑治疗,具有显著的治疗效果。

白眉蛇毒血凝酶辅助治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的效果

目的:探讨白眉蛇毒血凝酶辅助治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding,NVUGIB)的效果。方法:选取2022年2月—2023年2月松滋市中医医院收治的120例NVUGIB患者。随机将其分为对照组和观察组,各60例。两组均给予常规止血对症治疗,观察组在此基础上给予白眉蛇毒血凝酶辅助治疗。比较两组相关指标,治疗前后炎症因子、血液流变学指标,治疗效果及不良反应。结果:观察组输血量少于对照组,止血时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)及血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平均降低,观察组CRP、TNF-α水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)降低,红细胞比容(packed cell volume,PCV)、全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度均增高,观察组ESR低于对照组,PCV、全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:NVUGIB患者使用白眉蛇毒血凝酶辅助治疗效果良好,可有效减轻患者炎症反应,改善血液流变学,达到快速止血效果,减少输血量,不会增加患者不良反应。

急诊介入治疗重度非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的应用效果

目的:探讨急诊介入治疗重度非静脉曲张性上消化道出血的应用效果。方法:纳入2021年9月—2022年10月单县东大医院收治的72例重度非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方法的差异将其分为对照组和研究组,各36例。对照组接受急诊胃镜治疗,研究组接受急诊介入治疗。比较两组出血病灶检出率、康复时间、治疗效果、再出血及并发症。结果:研究组出血病灶检出率为94.44%,明显高于对照组的77.78%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组止血时间、肠鸣音恢复时间及住院时间较对照组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组治疗总有效率为94.44%,高于对照组的75.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组治疗后1周、1个月再出血率低于对照组,且病变部位坏死、穿孔发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:急诊介入治疗重度非静脉曲张性上消化道出血具有较高的出血病灶检出率和总有效率,并能缩短康复时间,降低再出血率,减少并发症。

急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者禁食持续时间探讨

目的 观察急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(ANVUGIB)患者止血后早期经口进食对再出血等临床转归的影响。方法 选取南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院2020年2月~2023年8月期间120例因ANVUGIB住院患者,随机数表法分为早期进食组和常规禁食组,各60例。早期进食组内镜检查止血治疗后出血明显好转,无频繁呕吐,血流动力学稳定12 h内经口进食。常规禁食组止血后禁食水72 h,给予静脉营养。比较两组患者住院时间、再次出血率及院内死亡率。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗3 d后血钾(K+)、血钠(Na+)、血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(Alb)水平。结果 两组年龄、性别、Forrest分级、出血部位及是否输血比较,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。入组时及止血后3 d两组间Hb、Alb、K+、Na+比较,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。早期进食组平均住院时间(4.92±2.07)d,低于常规禁食组的(6.15±2.83)d,组间差异有统计学意义(t=2.717,P=0.008)。两组再出血率和院内死亡率差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 对于急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者内镜检查止血治疗后12 h内经口进食缩短了住院时间,且未提高再发出血风险和死亡率。

兰索拉唑联合内镜下金属钛夹止血治疗对急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者凝血指标及出血情况的影响

目的分析兰索拉唑联合内镜下金属钛夹止血治疗急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding,ANVUGIB)患者的临床效果。方法方便选取2021年5月—2023年5月贵州省湄潭县中西医结合医院收治的102例ANVUGIB患者为研究对象,按随机数表法分成两组,各51例。对照组予以兰索拉唑治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加以内镜下金属钛夹止血治疗。对两组治疗效果及止血情况展开对比分析。结果观察组的治疗总有效率(96.08%)高于对照组(84.31%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.991,P<0.05)。相比于对照组,观察组出血情况、恢复情况、凝血指标均更优,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组治疗期间均无不良反应发生。结论兰索拉唑联合内镜下金属钛夹止血治疗ANVUGIB患者效果显著,能够改善患者的凝血功能,加速止血,促进恢复,且无不良反应。

不同评分系统对急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者的预测价值

目的探讨4种评分系统[Glasgow-Blatchford风险评分(GBS)、内镜前Rockall评分(PRS)、内镜后完整Rockall评分(RS)和AIMS65评分系统]在急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血(ANVUGIB)患者的临床干预和预后等事件的预测能力,以指导临床实践。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月该院消化内科和重症监护病房(ICU)收治的ANVUGIB患者77例作为研究对象,收集患者的临床资料、临床干预措施和预后情况,计算4种评分系统的分值。根据是否接受输血分为输血组(34例)和非输血组(43例)。根据是否进行手术操作分为手术操作组(11例)和非手术操作组(66例)。根据住院期间是否发生分为再出血再出血组(23例)和非再出血组(54例)。分析各组患者各评分系统的差异。使用受试者工作特征曲线下面积评估各评分系统对输血、手术操作、再出血和入住ICU的预测能力。结果输血组患者除GBS与非输血组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)外,其他评分系统与非输血组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术操作组患者PRS、RS与非手术操作组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);GBS、AIMS65评分系统与非手术操作组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。再出血组患者PRS、RS、GBS与非再出血组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),AIMS65评分系统与非再出血组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GBS对输血的预测价值均优于PRS、RS、AIMS65评分系统,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),最佳阈值为10分;RS对手术操作的预测价值均优于PRS、GBS、AIMS65评分系统,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),最佳阈值为4分;RS对再出血的预测价值均优于PRS、GBS、AIMS65AIMS65评分系统,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),最佳阈值为3分;4种评分系统对入住ICU的预测价值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在ANVUGIB患者的分层治疗中应使用GBS或RS。胃镜检查前如GBS>10分则判断患者需输血;胃镜检查后如RS>4分则判断患者需进行手术操作;如RS>3分则判断患者会发生再出血。

兰索拉唑与泮托拉唑治疗急性非静脉曲张上消化道出血疗效差异分析

目的 对比分析兰索拉唑与泮托拉唑治疗急性非静脉曲张上消化道出血疗效差异,以期从中遴选出一种更加安全高效的药物治疗方案。方法 选择2020年1月—2023年1月本院收治的60例急性非静脉曲张上消化道出血患者作为观察对象,设计前瞻对照试验,对患者进行编号,依据奇偶数将患者分为A组(奇数)和B组(偶数),每组30例,分别给予两组患者泮托拉唑和兰索拉唑进行治疗。结果 B组患者临床治疗总有效率优于A组(P<0.05);B组患者24h、48h、72h及96h止血成功率统计结果均显著高于A组,平均止血时间统计结果同比于A组患者明显更短(P<0.05);药物治疗72h后,B组患者空腹胃酸pH测定值同比于A组患者明显更高(P<0.05);经对两组患者谷丙转氨酶及血肌酐水平加以测定,测定值与治疗前测定值比较无明显变化(P>0.05);经对A组患者药物不良反应发生率加以统计,统计结果为13.33%,与B组患者的10.00%比较不具有统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 兰索拉唑治疗急性非静脉曲张上消化道出血能够快速提高患者胃内pH值,缩短止血时间,并且不会对患者的肝肾功能产生明显影响,不良反应发生率低,治疗效果明显优于泮托拉唑,具有更高的临床应用价值。