非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH),又称代谢性脂肪性肝炎,是病理变化与酒精性肝炎相似但无过量饮酒史的临床综合征,好发于中年特别是超重肥胖个体。非酒精性脂肪性肝炎与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病、高脂血症...非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH),又称代谢性脂肪性肝炎,是病理变化与酒精性肝炎相似但无过量饮酒史的临床综合征,好发于中年特别是超重肥胖个体。非酒精性脂肪性肝炎与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病、高脂血症等代谢紊乱关系密切,主要特征为肝细胞大泡性脂肪变伴肝细胞损伤和炎症,严重者可发展为肝硬化,但至今NASH尚无得到批准的治疗方案。在寻找有效的治疗方法时,解决代谢失调、炎症和抗纤维化的新策略不断涌现。法尼类X受体(Farnesoid X receptor,FXR)除了是胆汁酸代谢和肠肝循环的关键调节剂外,还参与调节代谢稳态,使其成为NASH中有吸引力的治疗靶点。本文综述了FXR激动剂对NASH治疗的研究进展。展开更多
The level surfaces of geometric discord for a class of two-qubit non-X states are investigated when the Bloch vectors are in arbitrary directions. The level surfaces of constant geometric discord are formed by three i...The level surfaces of geometric discord for a class of two-qubit non-X states are investigated when the Bloch vectors are in arbitrary directions. The level surfaces of constant geometric discord are formed by three intersecting open tubes along three orthogc^nal directions. When Bloch vectors increase, the tubes along one or two directions shrink towards the center and may either totally disappear or the open tubes may become closed tubes when the Bloch vectors reach a critical value. In the generalized amplitude damping channel, the evolution of geometric discord shows double sudden changes when the parameter γ, increases. In the phase damping channel, the freezing phenomenon of geometric discord also exists.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is one of the most prevalent liver disorders worldwide. NAFLD can gradually progress to liver inflammation, fibrosis, cir...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is one of the most prevalent liver disorders worldwide. NAFLD can gradually progress to liver inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, and no efficient pharmaceutic treatments have yet been established for NAFLD. Accumulating data have shown that the farnesoid X receptor(FXR) plays important roles not only in bile acid metabolism, but also in lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis, inflammatory responses, among others. In this review, we aim to highlight the role of FXR in the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD.展开更多
There are cases of hepatitis involving occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in which,even though the HB surface antigen(HBsAg)is negative,HBV-DNA is detected by a polymerase chain reaction(PCR).We con-ducted a seque...There are cases of hepatitis involving occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in which,even though the HB surface antigen(HBsAg)is negative,HBV-DNA is detected by a polymerase chain reaction(PCR).We con-ducted a sequence analysis of the entire HBV region in a case of non-B non-C chronic hepatitis in a 46-yearold female.A diagnosis of non-B non-C chronic hepatitis was made.Although HBV markers,such as HBs antibody(anti-HBs),anti-HBc,HBeAg and anti-HBe,were negative,HBV-DNA was positive.Nested PCR was performed to amplify the precore region of HBV-DNA and all remaining regions by long nested PCR.Sequence analysis of the two obtained bands was conducted by direct sequencing.Compared with the control strains,the ATG(Methionine)start codon in the X region had mut ated to GTG(Valine).It is assumed that a mutation at the start codon in the X region may be the reason why HBV markers are negative in some cases of hepatitis that involve occult HBV infection.展开更多
Grating-based X-ray imaging can make use of conventional tube sources to provide absorption, refraction and scattering contrast images from a single set of projection images efficiently. In this paper, a fresh cherry ...Grating-based X-ray imaging can make use of conventional tube sources to provide absorption, refraction and scattering contrast images from a single set of projection images efficiently. In this paper, a fresh cherry tomato and a dried umeboshi are imaged by using X-ray Talbot–Lau interferometer. The seed distribution in the scattering image of the cherry tomato, and the wrinkles of epicarp in the refraction image of the umeboshi, are shown distinctly. The refraction and scattering images provide more information on subtle features than the absorption image. Also, the contrast-to-noise ratio values show distinguishing capacity of the three kinds of imaging techniques. The results confirm that grating-based X-ray imaging is of great potential in non-destructive fruit testing.展开更多
文摘非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH),又称代谢性脂肪性肝炎,是病理变化与酒精性肝炎相似但无过量饮酒史的临床综合征,好发于中年特别是超重肥胖个体。非酒精性脂肪性肝炎与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病、高脂血症等代谢紊乱关系密切,主要特征为肝细胞大泡性脂肪变伴肝细胞损伤和炎症,严重者可发展为肝硬化,但至今NASH尚无得到批准的治疗方案。在寻找有效的治疗方法时,解决代谢失调、炎症和抗纤维化的新策略不断涌现。法尼类X受体(Farnesoid X receptor,FXR)除了是胆汁酸代谢和肠肝循环的关键调节剂外,还参与调节代谢稳态,使其成为NASH中有吸引力的治疗靶点。本文综述了FXR激动剂对NASH治疗的研究进展。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11074184,11204197,and 11105095)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20103201120002)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘The level surfaces of geometric discord for a class of two-qubit non-X states are investigated when the Bloch vectors are in arbitrary directions. The level surfaces of constant geometric discord are formed by three intersecting open tubes along three orthogc^nal directions. When Bloch vectors increase, the tubes along one or two directions shrink towards the center and may either totally disappear or the open tubes may become closed tubes when the Bloch vectors reach a critical value. In the generalized amplitude damping channel, the evolution of geometric discord shows double sudden changes when the parameter γ, increases. In the phase damping channel, the freezing phenomenon of geometric discord also exists.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China,No.81273727 and No.81302927Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission,No.14YZ054
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is one of the most prevalent liver disorders worldwide. NAFLD can gradually progress to liver inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex, and no efficient pharmaceutic treatments have yet been established for NAFLD. Accumulating data have shown that the farnesoid X receptor(FXR) plays important roles not only in bile acid metabolism, but also in lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis, inflammatory responses, among others. In this review, we aim to highlight the role of FXR in the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD.
文摘There are cases of hepatitis involving occult hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in which,even though the HB surface antigen(HBsAg)is negative,HBV-DNA is detected by a polymerase chain reaction(PCR).We con-ducted a sequence analysis of the entire HBV region in a case of non-B non-C chronic hepatitis in a 46-yearold female.A diagnosis of non-B non-C chronic hepatitis was made.Although HBV markers,such as HBs antibody(anti-HBs),anti-HBc,HBeAg and anti-HBe,were negative,HBV-DNA was positive.Nested PCR was performed to amplify the precore region of HBV-DNA and all remaining regions by long nested PCR.Sequence analysis of the two obtained bands was conducted by direct sequencing.Compared with the control strains,the ATG(Methionine)start codon in the X region had mut ated to GTG(Valine).It is assumed that a mutation at the start codon in the X region may be the reason why HBV markers are negative in some cases of hepatitis that involve occult HBV infection.
基金supported by Japan-Asia Youth Exchange program in Science administered by the Japan Science and Technology Agencythe National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB825801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11505188 and 11179004)
文摘Grating-based X-ray imaging can make use of conventional tube sources to provide absorption, refraction and scattering contrast images from a single set of projection images efficiently. In this paper, a fresh cherry tomato and a dried umeboshi are imaged by using X-ray Talbot–Lau interferometer. The seed distribution in the scattering image of the cherry tomato, and the wrinkles of epicarp in the refraction image of the umeboshi, are shown distinctly. The refraction and scattering images provide more information on subtle features than the absorption image. Also, the contrast-to-noise ratio values show distinguishing capacity of the three kinds of imaging techniques. The results confirm that grating-based X-ray imaging is of great potential in non-destructive fruit testing.
