An Intelligent Sensor Based System for Real Time Heart Rate Monitoring (HRM)

A method and apparatus for monitoring heart rate of the heart using a wearable system is designed and implemented in this paper. A heart rate receives from heart beat signals and stores the data to a database and after a time period this method can determine an idle heart rate of the monitoring body. This idle heart rate is compared with the stored data and can determine the normal and abnormal heart rate variability. After the certain time period this system can detect the heart rate and also can send a signal to the user in time of abnormalities. Consequent estimations of heart rate variability are contrasted with this.

Effect of solution cooling rate on the γ′ precipitation behaviors of a Ni-base P/M superalloy

The effect of cooling rate on the cooling γ′ precipitation behaviors was investigated in a Ni-base powder/metallurgy （P/M） superalloy （FGH4096）. The empirical equations were established between the cooling rate and the average sizes of secondary and tertiary γ′ precipitates within grains and tertiary γ′ precipitates at grain boundaries, as well as the apparent width of grain boundaries. The results show that the average sizes of secondary or tertiary γ′ precipitates are inversely correlated with the cooling rate. The shape of secondary γ′ precipitates within grains changes from butterfly-like to spherical with the increase of cooling rate, but all the tertiaryγ′ precipitates formed are spherical in shape. It is also found that tertiary γ′ may be precipitated in the latter part of the cooling cycle only if the cooling rate is not faster than 4.3℃/s, and the apparent width of grain boundaries decreases linearly with the increase of cooling rate.

Effect of cooling rate on the microstructure of electron beam welded joints of two-phase TiAl-based alloy

The analysis of the microstructural characterization and phase composition of electron beam welded joint zones of Ti- 43Al-9V-O. 3Y alloy has been done in this study. The welded seam is mainly composed of B2 phase, the partial γ ＋ α2 twophase lamellar structure and granular γm phase. And the lanthanon Y existed as YAl2 phase and served as grain refined. The impact of different cooling rates on joint microstructure, fracture characteristic and tensile strength were investigated. The high cooling rate restrained the structural transformation and resulted in the ordering structure. The fracture of the joint was brittle cleavage fracture because the ordering structure went against restraining the crack propagation. With the decrease of cooling rate, the transformation amounts of lamellar structure increased, and the fracture presented the layered and crosslayered characteristic.

Hyperparameter Tuning for Deep Neural Networks Based Optimization Algorithm

For training the present Neural Network(NN)models,the standard technique is to utilize decaying Learning Rates(LR).While the majority of these techniques commence with a large LR,they will decay multiple times over time.Decaying has been proved to enhance generalization as well as optimization.Other parameters,such as the network’s size,the number of hidden layers,drop-outs to avoid overfitting,batch size,and so on,are solely based on heuristics.This work has proposed Adaptive Teaching Learning Based(ATLB)Heuristic to identify the optimal hyperparameters for diverse networks.Here we consider three architec-tures Recurrent Neural Networks(RNN),Long Short Term Memory(LSTM),Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory(BiLSTM)of Deep Neural Networks for classification.The evaluation of the proposed ATLB is done through the various learning rate schedulers Cyclical Learning Rate(CLR),Hyperbolic Tangent Decay(HTD),and Toggle between Hyperbolic Tangent Decay and Triangular mode with Restarts(T-HTR)techniques.Experimental results have shown the performance improvement on the 20Newsgroup,Reuters Newswire and IMDB dataset.

A rate-based method for dynamic analysis and optimal design of reactive extraction: n-Hexyl acetate esterification as an example

The dynamic analysis and optimal design of reactive extraction are challenging due to high nonlinearity of model equations and tough decision of judging criteria. In this work, a dynamic rate-based method is developed on g PROMS platform to get easy access to the solutions of reactive extraction with phase splitting. Based on rigorous criteria, dynamic analysis from initial state to final equilibrium(e.g., evolution of phase composition, mass transfer rate and reaction rate) and optimal design of operating conditions(e.g., extractant dosage and feed molar ratio) are achieved. To illustrate the method, the esterification of n-hexyl acetate is taken as an example. The approach proves to be reliable in the analysis and optimization of the exemplified system, which provides instructive reference for further process design and simulation of reactive extraction.

Solution-Distance-Based Migration Rate Calculating for Biogeography-Based Optimization

Biogeography-based optimization(BBO),a natureinspired optimization algorithm(NIOA),has exhibited a huge potential in optimization.In BBO,the good solutions have a large probability to share information with poor solutions,while poor solutions have a large probability to accept the information from others.In original BBO,calculating for migration rates is based on solutions' ranking.From the ranking,it can be known that which solution is better and which one is worse.Based on the ranking,the migration rates are calculated to help BBO select good features and poor features.The differences among results can not be reflected,which will result in an improper migration rate calculating.Two new ways are proposed to calculate migration rates,which is helpful for BBO to obtain a suitable assignment of migration rates and furthermore affect algorithms ' performance.The ranking of solutions is no longer integers,but decimals.By employing the strategies,the ranking can not only reflect the orders of solutions,but also can reflect more details about solutions' distances.A set of benchmarks,which include 14 functions,is employed to compare the proposed approaches with other algorithms.The results demonstrate that the proposed approaches are feasible and effective to enhance BBO's performance.

An active base designed in high-counting-rate applications for Hamamatsu R1924A photomultiplier tube

Hamamatsu R1924A is one of the most widely used photomultiplier tubes(PMTs) in nuclear physics.Since the active base suitable for R1924A is still not available in market, an active base is designed for Hamamatsu R1924A PMT, and the test results at high counting rates are presented. The active bases with two different sets of resistor chains were tested and compared by a frequency-controlled green straw hat LED light. A stable signal output up to 100 kHz is achieved using frequency-controlled LED pulsed light. The temperature of bases, which reflects the power consumption and is crucial for applications in vacuum, is also monitored with the same LED pulsed light. The temperature of the active base with smaller resistances reaches about twice of that of the active base with larger resistances in the resistor chain. For the applications in vacuum, the active base with resistance between the two sets of resistor chains may be preferable.

A New Method to Predict Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate with Natural Geographical Factors and Location by Case-based Reasoning: A Case Study of China

Reference values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)are the key to interpret ESR blood test in clinic.The common local reference ESR values are more accuracy in blood test that are established with natural geographical factors by using the multiple linear regression(MLR)model and the artificial neural network(ANN).These knowledge-based methods have limitations since the knowledge domains of ESR and natural geographical factors are limited.This paper presents a new cases-depended model to establish reference ESR values with natural geographical factors and location using case-based reasoning(CBR)since knowledge domain of ESR and geographical factors is weak.Overall 224 local normal ESR values of China that calculated from 13623 samples were obtained,and the corresponding natural geographical factors and location that include altitude,sunshine hours,relative humidity,temperature,precipitation,annual temperature range and annual average wind speed were obtained from the National Geomatics Center of China.CBR was used to predict the unseen local reference ESR values with cases.The average absolute deviation(AAD),mean square error(MSE),prediction accuracy(PA),and Pearson correlation coefficient(r)between the observed and estimated data of proposed model is 33.07%,9.02,66.93% and 0.78,which are better than those of ANN and MLR model.The results show that the proposed model provides higher prediction accuracy than those of the artificial neural network and multiple linear regression models.The predicted values are very close to the observed values.Model results show significant agreement of cases data.Consequently,the model is used to predict the unseen local reference ESR with natural geographical factors and location.In spatial,the highest ESR reference areas are distributed in the southern-western district of China that includes Sichuan,Chongqing,Guangxi and Guizhou provinces,and the reference ESR values are greater than 23 mm/60 min.The higher ESR reference values are distributed in the middle part and northern-eastern of China which include Hubei,Henan,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces,and the reference ESR values are greater than 18 mm/60min.The lowest ESR reference values are distributed in the northern-western of China that includes Tibet and Xinjiang,and the reference ESR values are lower than 5 mm/60min.

基于医院登记的78046例恶性肿瘤患者生存报告

目的基于医院登记的恶性肿瘤患者随访资料,以真实世界数据侧面反映地区恶性肿瘤的治疗效果。方法纳入2011年1月1日至2020年12月31日于广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院确诊的恶性肿瘤住院患者,共78046例包括17种恶性肿瘤的随访数据质量符合要求纳入研究。通过医院疾病管理系统及电话随访等方式收集生存随访信息,随访统计时间截至2023年6月30日。应用寿命表法估计各瘤别的1年、3年和5年总生存(overall survival,OS)率,分别对不同性别、年龄组、民族、临床分期及首次治疗时间患者的生存情况进行分析。结果收治的前5位恶性肿瘤依次为肝癌(14672例)、肺癌(10878例)、女性乳腺癌(9430例)、结直肠癌(6895例)、宫颈癌(6250例)。17种恶性肿瘤患者的1、3、5年OS率分别为76.3%、58.6%和51.4%,其中男性患者5年OS率低于女性(39.9%vs 63.1%)。各癌种OS的总体趋势均随着年龄增加而下降,其中≤44岁、45~54岁、55~64岁、65~74岁和≥75岁年龄组患者的5年OS率分别为64.0%、59.6%、52.7%、44.9%和35.7%。相比2011—2015年,2016—2020年肝癌、肺癌、女性乳腺癌、结直肠癌、鼻咽癌、淋巴瘤患者的5年OS率均明显升高(均P<0.05)。不同临床分期恶性肿瘤患者的生存状况差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01),其中Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者的5年OS率高于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者(82.2%vs 43.4%)。肝癌、肺癌、女性乳腺癌、鼻咽癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌中壮族患者的5年OS率较汉族患者明显降低(均P<0.05)。结论肝癌、肺癌是主要的收治癌种,恶性肿瘤患者中总体50%以上可以获得超过5年的生存期,不同癌种、年龄、性别、民族的恶性肿瘤患者生存状况存在明显差异,应持续实施规范、创新、多学科联合及精准的肿瘤临床治疗和早诊早治手段,以进一步改善患者的生存情况。

论大病保险回归基本医疗保险的历史必然性

2009年内生于新农合的高额费用保障政策,于2012年演变为与基本医保分离的城乡居民大病保险制度(下称大病保险)。尽管目标和资金来源与基本医保相同,却交由商业保险公司承办,并最终将大病保险定位于与职工相互保险相对应的补充层次,形成了“同一筹资两个制度层次”的结构。本文分析了将居民基本医保一分为二的大病保险在理论逻辑和实践中不可解的困境,指出大病保险在公平和效率两方面都会产生损失,与社会保险的价值观及大病保险制度安排的愿望相悖。本文指出“有限政府、有效市场”在医疗保险领域的局限性,认为现阶段内生于基本医保制度的高额费用保障政策是必要的,但基于公平统一、高效医保的要求,大病保险回归基本医保制度是理论逻辑和历史的必然。

基于集成树和MoE的馈线统计线损率双层估计模型

统计线损率是衡量电力系统经济运行的重要指标。然而,用户用电数据采集异常、数据传输中断等因素会导致统计线损率异常或缺失,这严重阻碍了智能配电网的线损精益化管理与经济高效运行。针对馈线统计线损率合理值的估计问题,该文提出了一种基于集成树和混合专家系统(MoE)的馈线统计线损率双层估计模型。首先,使用最大信息系数以更有效地分析统计线损率与其相关特征间的非线性关系,并采用鲁棒性强的K-Medoids聚类算法对馈线进行精细划分;然后,使用Stacking集成学习框架,基于基估计和元估计双层模型对馈线统计线损率进行两阶段估计,选用决策树和各类集成树模型作为基估计模型对统计线损率进行初步估计,将各基估计模型输出结果输入元估计模型MoE中进行最终估计,使用方均根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)来衡量模型所估计统计线损率的合理性;最后,通过算例分析表明,与其他模型相比,该文所提馈线统计线损率双层估计模型具有更低的RMSE和MAE,对馈线统计线损率的估计效果更好。

壳聚糖席夫碱类絮凝剂的制备及性能研究

以戊二醛和壳聚糖(CTS)为原料,合成了壳聚糖席夫碱(G-CTS)。通过单因素实验,探讨最佳反应条件。利用黏度法和修订的Mark-Houwink公式,得壳聚糖席夫碱的黏均分子量和产物的缩合率。通过红外光谱(FTIR),X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征其结构。FTIR以及XRD谱图结果均表明壳聚糖发生了接枝和交联反应,SEM观察到其孔洞结构的增加。利用紫外光谱分析改性前后壳聚糖对水溶性染料的絮凝效果。实验结果显示,用戊二醛交联壳聚糖可以生成不同缩合率的壳聚糖席夫碱,对水溶性阴离子偶氮染料有优良的选择性和吸附作用,其中甲基橙24 h去除率达82.08%,7天去除率达到98.60%。

生活垃圾分类处理资金多元化来源制度体系构建

我国的生活垃圾强制分类改革并未取得预期成效,重要原因之一是未建立有效的生活垃圾收费制度导致回收处理资金严重短缺。基于庇古税的理论逻辑、“污染者付费原则”的法律依据和部分发达国家的成功实践经验,我国有必要构建生活垃圾分类回收和实现“三化”治理目标的多元化资金筹措路径。在生活垃圾收费政策设计上,应以多元化的计量收费制为主、定量收费制为辅作为过渡方案;待政策环境成熟后,可全部实行多元化的计量收费制,包括随袋征收计量收费制、粗大型垃圾计量收费制、差别计量收费制、累进计量收费制、计件计量收费制等多种收费体系。能否有效实施生活垃圾计量收费,有赖于系统性地改革我国长期存在的废品回收模式,运用激励性和约束性并存的经济手段,规范引导生活垃圾排放行为,实现生活垃圾分类回收和“三化”治理目标。

高掺量磷石膏道路基层材料配比设计及性能研究

按传统矿质混合料设计掺磷石膏道路基层材料难以大规模消纳磷石膏,为实现磷石膏在道路基层材料中大规模利用,通过骨料替代法进行高掺量磷石膏道路基层材料配比设计,确定适宜的碎石比(5~10 mm粒级与10~25 mm粒级质量比39∶61)后以不同掺量替代磷石膏基胶凝材料体系,再击实然后得出最佳含水率及最大干密度。通过对设计好的配比进行性能试验筛选,得出适宜配比为P85S60,养护28 d的试件抗压强度最大达5.39 MPa,体积变化率较低,且养护7 d后试件的体积增长稳定,体积变化率最终维持在0.5%左右,有利于现场道路施工应用。所有配比浸出氟、磷均满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)一级限值,相较于常规水泥稳定碎石材料,该道路基层材料浸出液的酸碱性不会额外增加不利影响。通过XRD和SEM分析可知,胶凝材料水化产生的钙矾石和水化硅酸钙包裹在未反应的二水石膏周围,另外针棒状钙矾石和水化硅酸钙填充微小孔隙,使得试件整体结构密实、强度增加、体积稳定性增强。

混合碳四全加氢镍系催化剂的制备与性能评价

使用共沉淀法和挤条成型工艺小试制备了混合碳四全加氢镍系催化剂,考察了反应压力、体积空速、氢烃体积比等加氢工艺条件对催化剂性能的影响;采用打片成型工艺进行催化剂中试放大制备,并对其性能进行了评价。结果表明:在入口温度为室温,反应压力为2.0 MPa,氢烃体积比为300,进料体积空速为2.0 h^(-1)的优化加氢工艺条件下,小试催化剂可以将混合碳四原料中单烯烃质量分数降低至1.0%以下;与小试催化剂相比,中试放大催化剂堆积密度和径向抗压碎力分别提高73%,302%;中试放大催化剂与进口钯系催化剂在789 h评价周期内的不饱和烃转化率分别为94.26%,89.72%,前者比后者具有更优的低温加氢活性和加氢稳定性。

软弱基底排土场边坡逆排堆高速率及稳定性控制方法研究

针对软弱基底排土场逆排堆高过程的稳定性控制需求,构建了堆高速率与软弱土层强度参数对应关系,提出了一种不同堆高速率条件下排土场边坡稳定性分析方法。针对某排土场案例,开展了软弱基底土样不同固结度快剪试验,结果显示,随着固结度增大,内摩擦角以双曲线型函数逐渐增大,黏聚力基本保持不变。结合硬化土模型,利用有限元法分析了预压堆载下软弱土层平均固结度演化规律,联合直剪试验结果构建了强度参数与堆载厚度、固结时长的定量关系。结果表明,较厚软弱层在堆载和固结时长均相同时具有更低的内摩擦角;当堆载较小、固结时长相同时,软弱层具有更高的内摩擦角;当预压固结时长由50 d提高到100 d时,排土场边坡破坏模式从沿基底滑动变成堆排土体内部滑动,继续延长预压时长不再提升整体稳定性。

新型氟石膏基充填材料性能及水化机理研究

目的针对矿山充填材料成本高,工业固废堆积占地等问题,研制了一种含工业固废的新型矿山充填材料。方法用氟石膏和粉煤灰代替水泥作为胶凝材料,通过正交实验法探究氟石膏基充填材料的最优配比,并对其力学特性、水化产物、水化作用机理和微观结构进行研究。结果结果表明,最优配比材料充填体的1,7,28 d强度分别可以达到1.41,4.11,6.47 MPa,可满足矿山充填基本要求;膏体坍落度、扩散度、泌水率分别为22.7 cm,42.6 cm,2.58%,膏体流动性较好,便于运输。氟石膏含量、粉煤灰含量和浆料浓度为材料配比中的3个变量因素,其中对充填体1 d强度影响最大的因素为浆料浓度,对充填体7,28 d强度和泌水率影响最大的因素为粉煤灰含量,对膏体坍落度和扩散度影响最大的因素为氟石膏含量。充填体的单轴破坏形式为剪切破坏,破坏后内聚力和内摩擦角分别为2.02 MPa,32.6°。水化产物包含钙矾石、二水硫酸钙和水化硅酸钙凝胶,水化过程中氟石膏固结体由无水相转化为二水相,其中钙矾石和水化硅酸钙凝胶的增多会形成致密结构,有利于提升充填体抗压强度。结论用氟石膏和粉煤灰替代水泥制备的充填材料具备可行性,且成本较低,固废用量占比90%以上,有显著的经济效益,应用前景广阔。

高温模拟压水堆一回路水中枝晶取向对Inconel 182镍基合金焊接金属应力腐蚀开裂的影响

在模拟压水堆(PWR)一回路高温水中对Inconel182镍基合金焊接金属进行了应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)试验,研究了枝晶取向对其SCC行为的影响。结果表明:在320℃下模拟压水堆一回路水中,182合金LT取向试样断口上出现全面沿晶应力腐蚀裂纹扩展带,其平均裂纹扩展速率以及最大裂纹扩展速率均大于290℃下相同试样,表明在模拟压水堆一回路水中升高温度对182合金焊接金属应力腐蚀裂纹扩展有促进作用;290℃下182合金LT取向试样的平均裂纹扩展速率、最大裂纹扩展速率以及裂纹扩展区宽度占比均大于TL取向试样,表明裂纹沿LT枝晶取向更容易扩展。

老年痴呆病人实施人手喂养的安全性及有效性的Meta分析

目的:系统评价老年痴呆病人实施人手喂养的安全性及有效性,为老年痴呆病人在其痴呆轻症期自预设医疗指示,为家属及临床医护在病人痴呆中、重度期是否实施人手喂养提供决策依据。方法:计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed、CINAHL、EMbase、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library等数据库中关于老年痴呆病人实施人手喂养的随机对照研究、类试验研究、队列研究,检索时限为建库到2023年9月。由2名研究者进行文献筛选、资料提取及方法学质量评价,并运用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。结果:纳入6项研究,涉及病人1796例,其中试验组(人手喂养)811例,对照组(鼻胃管喂养)985例。Meta分析结果显示,人手喂养可降低老年痴呆病人的肺炎发生率[RR=0.51,95%CI(0.33,0.77),P=0.002]和死亡率[RR=0.54,95%CI(0.32,0.93),P=0.030]。结论:现有证据表明,老年痴呆病人实施人手喂养,可降低其肺炎发生率及死亡率。

水泥稳定碎石基层取芯芯样分类与整体性评价技术标准

为了实现水泥稳碎石基层整体性质量客观和公正的评价,消除7 d取芯芯样质量评判的随意性、弥补因不考虑气候条件和公路等级等因素对施工质量评价的局限性,选择高速、一级、二级和三级共5条公路,对7 d龄期的水泥稳定粒料类基层进行了大量的取芯试验,系统地对取芯芯样的形态进行了调研、统计和分析,根据芯样的完整程度,将其分为完整类、残缺类和松散类3类,芯样完整性的差异代表其扩散荷载应力能力的不同,根据芯样的致密程度,将芯样进一步分成8级,芯样致密性的不同体现服役功能性差别,提出了评价路段芯样完整率的计算方法,确定了芯样完整率技术标准的确定原则,对于季冻区宜采用F(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)作为评价指标,对于非季冻区宜采用F(Ⅰ)作为评价指标,并根据回归曲线,提出了不同区域不同等级道路7 d龄期内的芯样完整率技术标准。结果表明:芯样完整率与道路等级呈线性关系,道路等级对其影响幅度为2%~9%,养生模式的影响幅度为10%左右,气候因素的影响幅度为5%左右。研究成果实现了对半刚性基层取芯芯样质量和整体性质量的定量化评价。