[ Objective] The aim was to establish the method of extracting genomic DNA from sheep blood clot on the basis of the improvement of method for extracting genomic DNA from tissues. [Method]The genomic DNA with complete...[ Objective] The aim was to establish the method of extracting genomic DNA from sheep blood clot on the basis of the improvement of method for extracting genomic DNA from tissues. [Method]The genomic DNA with complete primary structure and high purity was obtained from the sheep blood clot after the steps of cutting the sheep blood clot with ophthalmic scissors, cell lysis with tissue DNA extracts and digested by proteinase K, extracting with phenol/chloroform and precipitating with ethanol were performed. [ Result] The concentration of the extracted DNA was 159.90 ±0.70 ng/μl and the ratio of the A260/A280 was 1.80 ＋0.01. The sheep microsatellite locus of BM203 was amplified by using the extracted DNA from the sheep blood clot as template of PCR, and the PCR result was perfect. [Conclusion]This method is simple and feasible, the quantity and quality of the extracted DNA can satisfy the demands for the subsequent researches. It is worth to extending and using for reference.展开更多
The blood flow through a catheterized artery having a mild stenosis at the wall together with a blood clot at the centre is studied in the current investigation.Stenosis can occur in vessels carrying blood to brain(i....The blood flow through a catheterized artery having a mild stenosis at the wall together with a blood clot at the centre is studied in the current investigation.Stenosis can occur in vessels carrying blood to brain(i.e.,Carotid arteries),Renal arteries that supply blood to kidneys etc.The flow is refined in such vessels by application of catheter.We have used a Newtonian viscous fluid model and also distinct shapes of stenosis,(i.e.,symmetric and non-symmetric shapes)are considered for this study.The entropy generation togetherwith viscous dissipation is also taken into account for a complete description of heat transfer mechanism.Exact solutions are calculated for the problem subject to given“no slip conditions”.The results are discussed graphically.The velocity quickly increases for a non-symmetric stenosis as compared to a symmetric stenosis.When the height of mild stenosis increases and the channel becomes narrow then the velocity increases in the centre but it decreases with the stenosed wall.However,as the height of blood clotσincreases then the velocity of blood flow reduces with the wall having clot but it remains almost same with the stenosed wall.Streamlines are plotted to visualize the flow pattern.The trapping is symmetric for a symmetric stenosis shape but it changes to non-symmetric trapping when we have a non-symmetric shape of stenosis.展开更多
Patients under systemic (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) EDTA are at risk of hemorrhage for any accidental trauma even the superficial ones. This research is a trial to use 980 nm wavelength laser light to provide co...Patients under systemic (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) EDTA are at risk of hemorrhage for any accidental trauma even the superficial ones. This research is a trial to use 980 nm wavelength laser light to provide coagulation for such patients in a local region without collateral thermal damage. Material and Method: 980 nm Diode laser operating in a continuous mode (CW) was incident on human blood treated with EDTA inDurhamtubes. The used parameters were (2.25, 3, 3.75 and 6.75) W output power for variable exposure times (1, 3, 9 and 27) s. Results: A homogenous clot was performed at 4327.84 J/cm2 deposited energy density with the absence of any thermal stress in the blood. Conclusion: 980 nm laser wavelength provides a local photochemical bond break of the anticoagulant enhancing blood coagulation for medically compromised patients.展开更多
This paper presents a solution methodology for H<sub>∞</sub>-feedback control design problem of Heparin controlled blood clotting network under the presence of stochastic noise. The formulaic solution pro...This paper presents a solution methodology for H<sub>∞</sub>-feedback control design problem of Heparin controlled blood clotting network under the presence of stochastic noise. The formulaic solution procedure to solve nonlinear partial differential equation, the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation with Successive Galrkin’s Approximation is sketched and validity is proved. According to Lyapunov’s theory, with solutions of the nonlinear PDEs, robust feedback control is designed. To confirm the performance and robustness of the designed controller, numerical and Monte-Carlo simulation results by Simulink software on MATLAB are provided.展开更多
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has demonstrated several clinical manifestations which include not only respiratory system issues but also liver,kidney,and other organ injuries.One of these abnormalities ...BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has demonstrated several clinical manifestations which include not only respiratory system issues but also liver,kidney,and other organ injuries.One of these abnormalities is coagulopathies,including thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation.Because of this,the administration of low molecular weight heparin is required for patients that need to be hospitalized.In addition,Remdesivir is an antiviral that was used against Middle East Acute Respiratory Syndrome,Ebola,Acute Respiratory Syndrome,and other diseases,showing satisfactory results on recovery.Besides,there is evidence suggesting that this medication can provide a better prognosis for patients with COVID-19.AIM To investigate in silico the interaction between Remdesivir and clotting factors,pursuing a possibility of using it as medicine.METHODS In this in silico study,the 3D structures of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),Factor I(fibrinogen),Factor II(prothrombin),Factor III(thromboplastin),Factor V(proaccelerin),Factor VII(proconvertin),Factor VIII(antihemophilic factor A),Factor IX(antihemophilic factor B),Factor X(Stuart-Prower factor),and Factor XI(precursor of thromboplastin(these structures are technically called receptors)were selected from the Protein Data Bank.The structures of the antivirals Remdesivir and Osetalmivir(these structures are called ligands)were selected from the PubChem database,while the structure of Atazanavir was selected from the ZINC database.The software AutoDock Tools(ADT)was used to prepare the receptors for molecular docking.Ions,peptides,water molecules,and other ones were removed from each ligand,and then,hydrogen atoms were added to the structures.The grid box was delimited and calculated using the same software ADT.A physiological environment with pH 7.4 is needed to make the ligands interact with the receptors,and still the software Marvin sketch®(ChemAxon®)was used to forecast the protonation state.To perform molecular docking,ADT and Vina software was connected.Using PyMol®software and Discovery studio®software from BIOVIA,it was possible to analyze the amino acid residues from receptors that were involved in the interactions with the ligands.Ligand tortions,atoms that participated in the interactions,and the type,strength,and duration of the interactions were also analyzed using those software.RESULTS Molecular docking analysis showed that Remdesivir and ACE2 had an affinity energy of-8.8 kcal/moL,forming a complex with eight hydrogen bonds involving seven atoms of Remdesivir and five amino acid residues of ACE2.Remdesivir and prothrombin had an interaction with six hydrogen bonds involving atoms of the drug and five amino acid residues of the clotting factor.Similar to that,Remdesivir and thromboplastin presented interactions via seven hydrogen bonds involving five atoms of the drug and four residues of the clotting factor.While Remdesivir and Factor V established a complex with seven hydrogen bonds between six antiviral atoms and six amino acid residues from the factor,and Factor VII connected with the drug by four hydrogen bonds,which involved three atoms of the drug and three residues of amino acids of the factor.The complex between Remdesivir and Factor IX formed an interaction via 11 hydrophilic bonds with seven atoms of the drug and seven residues of the clotting factor,plus one electrostatic bond and three hydrophobic interactions.Factor X and Remdesivir had an affinity energy of-9.6 kcal/moL,and the complex presented 10 hydrogen bonds and 14 different hydrophobic interactions which involved nine atoms of the drug and 16 amino acid residues of the clotting factor.The interaction between Remdesivir and Factor XI formed five hydrogen bonds involving five amino acid residues of the clotting factor and five of the antiviral atoms.CONCLUSION Because of the in silico significant affinity,Remdesivir possibly could act in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection blockade by interacting with ACE2 and concomitantly act in the modulation of the coagulation cascade preventing the hypercoagulable state.展开更多
This research assesses the speed of saline fluid in vein vessels using venipuncture medical kit as well as DC submersive pumps that are being controlled by a microcontroller. The microcontroller is monitored and gover...This research assesses the speed of saline fluid in vein vessels using venipuncture medical kit as well as DC submersive pumps that are being controlled by a microcontroller. The microcontroller is monitored and governed using a software IDE interface installed on a powerful laptop. Saline solution is being pumped through a medical syringe at variable speeds up to a maximum of 18.39 cm/second to the vein. The novel technique in this research is the usage of two pumps called Pump 1 and Pump 2. Pump 1 is used to physically model the flow of “blood” in human vein and the second pump (Pump 2) is used to generate the accelerated saline particles that are used to break the yellow grease that is placed on the inside of the vein’s wall. A tiny brush is briefly dipped into yellow grease, and then it is used to place one layer (one turn) of yellow grease on the inside of the vein’s wall, and then this procedure is repeated to place consecutive layers of yellow grease onto the inside of the wall of the vein vessel using a tiny brush. It was found that accelerated saline particles can in fact destroy fats that are built up inside the veins’ walls.展开更多
We report the clinical case of a 40-year-old Italian woman, who soon after her booster vaccination with mRNA-1273 after the two previous vaccinations with BNT162b2, developed severe headache, high fever, and Musculo-s...We report the clinical case of a 40-year-old Italian woman, who soon after her booster vaccination with mRNA-1273 after the two previous vaccinations with BNT162b2, developed severe headache, high fever, and Musculo-skeletal pain. She went to the emergency department, where computerized tomography (CT) scans of chest and brain were performed, resulting in both negative for pathologic findings. On the contrary, white blood count was strongly lowered and D-dimer severely elevated. She improved after treatment with enoxaparin and the blood analyses returned in the normal range after ten days. This case supports the hypothesis that COVID-19 vaccines could increase blood clotting in some predisposed subjects. Therefore, we believe that robust and well-designed clinical trials, considering the evaluation of D-dimer levels, should be performed to eliminate any doubts on this issue.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(2007011081 )Returning Brains Project in Shanxi Province(2007066 )Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Fund Project(2008GB2A300032)~~
文摘[ Objective] The aim was to establish the method of extracting genomic DNA from sheep blood clot on the basis of the improvement of method for extracting genomic DNA from tissues. [Method]The genomic DNA with complete primary structure and high purity was obtained from the sheep blood clot after the steps of cutting the sheep blood clot with ophthalmic scissors, cell lysis with tissue DNA extracts and digested by proteinase K, extracting with phenol/chloroform and precipitating with ethanol were performed. [ Result] The concentration of the extracted DNA was 159.90 ±0.70 ng/μl and the ratio of the A260/A280 was 1.80 ＋0.01. The sheep microsatellite locus of BM203 was amplified by using the extracted DNA from the sheep blood clot as template of PCR, and the PCR result was perfect. [Conclusion]This method is simple and feasible, the quantity and quality of the extracted DNA can satisfy the demands for the subsequent researches. It is worth to extending and using for reference.
文摘The blood flow through a catheterized artery having a mild stenosis at the wall together with a blood clot at the centre is studied in the current investigation.Stenosis can occur in vessels carrying blood to brain(i.e.,Carotid arteries),Renal arteries that supply blood to kidneys etc.The flow is refined in such vessels by application of catheter.We have used a Newtonian viscous fluid model and also distinct shapes of stenosis,(i.e.,symmetric and non-symmetric shapes)are considered for this study.The entropy generation togetherwith viscous dissipation is also taken into account for a complete description of heat transfer mechanism.Exact solutions are calculated for the problem subject to given“no slip conditions”.The results are discussed graphically.The velocity quickly increases for a non-symmetric stenosis as compared to a symmetric stenosis.When the height of mild stenosis increases and the channel becomes narrow then the velocity increases in the centre but it decreases with the stenosed wall.However,as the height of blood clotσincreases then the velocity of blood flow reduces with the wall having clot but it remains almost same with the stenosed wall.Streamlines are plotted to visualize the flow pattern.The trapping is symmetric for a symmetric stenosis shape but it changes to non-symmetric trapping when we have a non-symmetric shape of stenosis.
文摘Patients under systemic (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) EDTA are at risk of hemorrhage for any accidental trauma even the superficial ones. This research is a trial to use 980 nm wavelength laser light to provide coagulation for such patients in a local region without collateral thermal damage. Material and Method: 980 nm Diode laser operating in a continuous mode (CW) was incident on human blood treated with EDTA inDurhamtubes. The used parameters were (2.25, 3, 3.75 and 6.75) W output power for variable exposure times (1, 3, 9 and 27) s. Results: A homogenous clot was performed at 4327.84 J/cm2 deposited energy density with the absence of any thermal stress in the blood. Conclusion: 980 nm laser wavelength provides a local photochemical bond break of the anticoagulant enhancing blood coagulation for medically compromised patients.
文摘This paper presents a solution methodology for H<sub>∞</sub>-feedback control design problem of Heparin controlled blood clotting network under the presence of stochastic noise. The formulaic solution procedure to solve nonlinear partial differential equation, the Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation with Successive Galrkin’s Approximation is sketched and validity is proved. According to Lyapunov’s theory, with solutions of the nonlinear PDEs, robust feedback control is designed. To confirm the performance and robustness of the designed controller, numerical and Monte-Carlo simulation results by Simulink software on MATLAB are provided.
文摘BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has demonstrated several clinical manifestations which include not only respiratory system issues but also liver,kidney,and other organ injuries.One of these abnormalities is coagulopathies,including thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation.Because of this,the administration of low molecular weight heparin is required for patients that need to be hospitalized.In addition,Remdesivir is an antiviral that was used against Middle East Acute Respiratory Syndrome,Ebola,Acute Respiratory Syndrome,and other diseases,showing satisfactory results on recovery.Besides,there is evidence suggesting that this medication can provide a better prognosis for patients with COVID-19.AIM To investigate in silico the interaction between Remdesivir and clotting factors,pursuing a possibility of using it as medicine.METHODS In this in silico study,the 3D structures of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),Factor I(fibrinogen),Factor II(prothrombin),Factor III(thromboplastin),Factor V(proaccelerin),Factor VII(proconvertin),Factor VIII(antihemophilic factor A),Factor IX(antihemophilic factor B),Factor X(Stuart-Prower factor),and Factor XI(precursor of thromboplastin(these structures are technically called receptors)were selected from the Protein Data Bank.The structures of the antivirals Remdesivir and Osetalmivir(these structures are called ligands)were selected from the PubChem database,while the structure of Atazanavir was selected from the ZINC database.The software AutoDock Tools(ADT)was used to prepare the receptors for molecular docking.Ions,peptides,water molecules,and other ones were removed from each ligand,and then,hydrogen atoms were added to the structures.The grid box was delimited and calculated using the same software ADT.A physiological environment with pH 7.4 is needed to make the ligands interact with the receptors,and still the software Marvin sketch®(ChemAxon®)was used to forecast the protonation state.To perform molecular docking,ADT and Vina software was connected.Using PyMol®software and Discovery studio®software from BIOVIA,it was possible to analyze the amino acid residues from receptors that were involved in the interactions with the ligands.Ligand tortions,atoms that participated in the interactions,and the type,strength,and duration of the interactions were also analyzed using those software.RESULTS Molecular docking analysis showed that Remdesivir and ACE2 had an affinity energy of-8.8 kcal/moL,forming a complex with eight hydrogen bonds involving seven atoms of Remdesivir and five amino acid residues of ACE2.Remdesivir and prothrombin had an interaction with six hydrogen bonds involving atoms of the drug and five amino acid residues of the clotting factor.Similar to that,Remdesivir and thromboplastin presented interactions via seven hydrogen bonds involving five atoms of the drug and four residues of the clotting factor.While Remdesivir and Factor V established a complex with seven hydrogen bonds between six antiviral atoms and six amino acid residues from the factor,and Factor VII connected with the drug by four hydrogen bonds,which involved three atoms of the drug and three residues of amino acids of the factor.The complex between Remdesivir and Factor IX formed an interaction via 11 hydrophilic bonds with seven atoms of the drug and seven residues of the clotting factor,plus one electrostatic bond and three hydrophobic interactions.Factor X and Remdesivir had an affinity energy of-9.6 kcal/moL,and the complex presented 10 hydrogen bonds and 14 different hydrophobic interactions which involved nine atoms of the drug and 16 amino acid residues of the clotting factor.The interaction between Remdesivir and Factor XI formed five hydrogen bonds involving five amino acid residues of the clotting factor and five of the antiviral atoms.CONCLUSION Because of the in silico significant affinity,Remdesivir possibly could act in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection blockade by interacting with ACE2 and concomitantly act in the modulation of the coagulation cascade preventing the hypercoagulable state.
文摘This research assesses the speed of saline fluid in vein vessels using venipuncture medical kit as well as DC submersive pumps that are being controlled by a microcontroller. The microcontroller is monitored and governed using a software IDE interface installed on a powerful laptop. Saline solution is being pumped through a medical syringe at variable speeds up to a maximum of 18.39 cm/second to the vein. The novel technique in this research is the usage of two pumps called Pump 1 and Pump 2. Pump 1 is used to physically model the flow of “blood” in human vein and the second pump (Pump 2) is used to generate the accelerated saline particles that are used to break the yellow grease that is placed on the inside of the vein’s wall. A tiny brush is briefly dipped into yellow grease, and then it is used to place one layer (one turn) of yellow grease on the inside of the vein’s wall, and then this procedure is repeated to place consecutive layers of yellow grease onto the inside of the wall of the vein vessel using a tiny brush. It was found that accelerated saline particles can in fact destroy fats that are built up inside the veins’ walls.
文摘We report the clinical case of a 40-year-old Italian woman, who soon after her booster vaccination with mRNA-1273 after the two previous vaccinations with BNT162b2, developed severe headache, high fever, and Musculo-skeletal pain. She went to the emergency department, where computerized tomography (CT) scans of chest and brain were performed, resulting in both negative for pathologic findings. On the contrary, white blood count was strongly lowered and D-dimer severely elevated. She improved after treatment with enoxaparin and the blood analyses returned in the normal range after ten days. This case supports the hypothesis that COVID-19 vaccines could increase blood clotting in some predisposed subjects. Therefore, we believe that robust and well-designed clinical trials, considering the evaluation of D-dimer levels, should be performed to eliminate any doubts on this issue.
