Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological disorder.Studies regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of epilepsy.The pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota composition.Satisfactory results are lacking for conventional treatments for epilepsy.Surgical resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with epilepsy.Non-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research focus.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of epilepsy.It also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation.Numerous studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures.Additionally,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being explored.However,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents: Early Prevention and Non-Drug Therapy

The global rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in youth has increased dramatically in the last 30 years. This increase mirrors the global epidemic of childhood obesity. Studies show that, compared to adults who develop T2DM, youth with T2DM ultimately suffer from more harmful symptoms. The prevalence of T2DM and obesity in youth signals a significant public health issue that financially burdens governments, families, and individuals. Since evidence suggests that T2DM in youth is different from both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults, researchers and clinicians face many difficulties in developing new treatments. Most treatment efforts have relied on drugs;however, recent studies suggest that non-drug therapy also effectively reduces obesity and diabetic symptoms. Healthier eating, increased physical exercise, and positive mental health, are often underappreciated factors towards managing obesity. Yet these lifestyle changes empower both young and older patients to independently fight diseases and attain better health. To manage the global health risk of obesity, further research addressing the prevention and nondrug early intervention of T2DM and obesity in youth is urgently needed. The present review focuses on the latest updates in the field.

Research Progress of Non-drug Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)as a relatively common clinical reproductive endocrine disease,the incidence is increasing year by year and the treatment is difficult,among which obese PCOS accounts for nearly 50%of the total.In recent years,non-drug therapy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been effective in the treatment of PCOS.This article summarizes the relevant literature in the past ten years from acupuncture,acupoint embedding,moxibustion,and auricular points,and observes the effects of TCM non-drug therapy on endocrine and glucose and lipid metabolism in obese PCOS patients.The impact of various indicators such as body mass index,body mass index,etc.,and discuss the problems in such treatments,as well as put forward suggestions to achieve the purpose of better guiding the clinical treatment of obese PCOS.

The mechanism and research progress of non-drug analgesic labor

Non-drug analgesic labor is of great significance to protect,promote and support natural labor.The purpose of this paper is to review the mechanism of non-drug analgesia,the significance of non-drug analgesia delivery,and the methods of non-drug analgesia delivery,so as to provide reference for the research of clinical non-drug analgesia delivery and promote the development of non-drug analgesia delivery.

Discussion on prevention and control of COVID-19 by non-drug methods in traditional Chinese medicine

COVID-19 has been discovered since December 2019 and has become a global pandemic recently,killing hundreds of thousands of people in 216 countries and regions around the world.COVID-19 has caused more than 4000 deaths in China,seriously affecting national health and national economy.Since the outbreak of COVID-19,National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China has used the method of sino-western medicine to prevent and control COVID-19,effectively curbed the spread of the epidemic.But the TCM methods in the scheme are all oral prescriptions,less involving non-drug methods.Therefore,I searched the COVID-19 control methods published in various parts of the country,this paper plans to discuss how to improve immunity from the perspective of non-drug methods such as moxibustion,diet therapy,self massage,physical exercise skills and traditional music,hoping can helps the susceptible populations,infected,discharged and medical staff in COVID-19 epidemic.

Non-drug interventions for cancer-related fatigue: an updated review

Non-drug interventions are easy operation, no damage and with significant effects treatment for cancer-related fatigue, which also can reduce the economic burden of cancer patients and improve the quality of life. This article reviews the effects of non-drug interventions on cancer-induced fatigue including exercise intervention, long distance healthy education, cognitive behavior intervention, traditional Chinese medicine intervention and emotional intervention to provide reference for clinical medical staff and relevant scholars.

Traditional Chinese non-drug therapies for cancer pain treatment

Cancer pain is the most common and serious symptom of cancer, which seriously affects the quality of life of cancer patients. the most widely used three-step analgesia has received good effects, but the toxic side effects at the same time can be ignored. As a complementary therapy increasingly accepted around the world, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) also plays an important role in cancer pain treatment. Traditional Chinese non-drug therapy has a good effect for cancer pain. In this mini-review, the commonly used traditional Chinese non-drug therapies such as acupuncture, moxibustion, acupoint catgut embedding and injection, massage, ear point pressing with coxherb seeds therapy, traditional music therapy were introduced.

Non-Drug Therapy to Combat Coronavirus

Novel coronavirus is threatening the health of people all over the world and all possible treatment strategies are in urgent. The sensitive of virus to heat proposed temperature treatment as an effective method against coronavirus. Here, we proposed several non-drug therapies including far-infrared, thermal air, thermal oxygen, ozone, hydrogen therapy and plasma physical therapy for immediate clinical trial and implementation. Compared with the drug therapy, these methods are safe without side effects, the highest benefit-to-risk ratio, user-friendly, and low implementation costs. It is urgent and significant to start these non-drug therapeutic design and implementation as early as possible, to determine the safety and effectiveness of these therapeutic methods.

Progress research on non-drug therapy in cancer-related fatigue

Cancer-related fatigue is the most prevalent and persistently symptom in cancer survivors than any other symptom,which is caused by both the disease and its treatment.Patients with cancer show a severe symptom of fatigue,which cannot be relieved by general rest or sleep.Cancer-related fatigue negatively impacts a patient's physical and emotional function,social ability and even patients’prognosis.At present,the mechanism of cancer-related fatigue remain unclear despite much research,and a variety of mechanisms may contribute to its occurrence and development,including inflammatory reaction,metabolism dysregulation,immune activation,hormonal changes,central nervous system dysfunction,etc.Now a broad variety of drugs and non-drugs interventions are used against cancer-related fatigue.The intervention of conventional western medicine mainly contains hematopoietic stimulants,hormones,mental stimulants,and antidepressants,but their widely clinical application is limited by their effectiveness and possible side effects to a certain degree.There are also many forms of non-drug interventions for managing cancer-related fatigue,such as exercise intervention,psychological intervention,sleep intervention,nutrition intervention,bright white light therapy,etc.The aim of this review is to provide recommendations of non-drug interventions for patients with CRF during and after cancer treatment,in order to provide an evidence-based guideline for clinicians.

Research Progress of Treating Chronic Atrophic Gastritis by Non-Drug Therapy

Modern medicine believes that the incidence and detection rate of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)are positively correlated with age.Early detection,monitoring and intervention are helpful to reduce the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer.Non-drug therapy has many unique methods,wide range of application,simple operation,easy to popularize characteristics.In the process of using non-drug therapy to treat CAG syndrome differentiation,the principle of"treating the same disease with different methods"and"treating different diseases with the same method"must be followed.In recent years,in order to improve the quality of life of CAG patients and optimize treatment methods,some research progress has been made in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis with non-drug therapy.This paper summarized mainly from the basic function principle and the characteristic of Chinese medicine non-drug therapy,the mechanism of various kinds of non-drug therapy treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis and its respective application.

Research progress on non-drug treatment of diabetic kidney disease

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious and common chronic complications of diabetes and one of the leading causes of death in diabetic patients.In the case of diabetic kidney disease,sustained proteinuria is irreversible until it develops into end-stage renal disease.Drug treatment of diabetic kidney disease is relatively limited.More and more evidences into the effectiveness and safety that related non-drug treatments not only have the characteristics of simple operation and high safety,but also can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with diabetic kidney disease,reduce laboratory indicators,and delay disease progression.This article summarizes the recent literature on non-drug treatment of diabetic kidney disease such as exercise therapy,acupuncture therapy,acupoint application,auricular acupoint pressing pill therapy,moxibustion therapy,in order to provide reference for clinical treatment.

痰热清注射液治疗脓毒症的疗效及对炎性反应的影响

目的观察痰热清注射液治疗脓毒症的疗效及对炎性反应的影响。方法选取2017年8月—2018年7月贵阳市第一人民医院收治的140例脓毒症患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方法分为对照组与观察组,各70例。对照组患者采用常规西药治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上加用痰热清注射液治疗,2组治疗时间均为7 d。比较2组临床疗效,治疗前及治疗7 d后急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、血清炎性因子[降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)],ICU入住时间、总住院时间及并发症发生情况。结果观察组总有效率较对照组高(97.14%vs.77.14%,χ^(2)=12.495,P<0.001)。治疗7 d后,2组APACHEⅡ评分较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.01);2组血清PCT、CRP、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平较治疗前均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组总住院时间短于对照组(P<0.01),但2组ICU入住时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(8.57%vs.2.86%,χ^(2)=1.193,P=0.275)。结论痰热清注射液用于脓毒症患者治疗中可获得较好的效果,可有效减轻机体炎性反应,缩短住院时间,改善患者的身体状况,且预后良好。

心理语言、穴位刺激和胃电起搏协同治疗难治性功能性消化不良

目的研究心理语言、穴位刺激、胃电起搏同步协同治疗方法(coordinated treatment of psychological language,acupuncturepoint stimulation and gastric pacing,CTPAG)治疗难治性功能性消化不良的临床疗效。方法根据罗马Ⅲ标准选取80例难治性功能性消化不良患者,随机分为两组:口服药物组(n=38)和CTPAG组(n=42),比较两组受试者在症状评分、焦虑评分、抑郁评分中的差异。结果与口服药物组比较,CTPAG组临床症状评分明显下降,疗效显著率明显升高;焦虑、抑郁评分也明显下降,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论心理语言、穴位刺激和胃电起搏协同治疗难治性功能性消化不良疗效优于常规口服药物,是功能性消化不良非药物治疗的一种新选择。

不同根充糊剂根尖封闭性的比较研究

目的 比较不同根充糊剂根管充填后的根尖封闭性。方法 79颗离体单根牙随机分为阳性对照 (2颗 )、阴性对照 (2颗 )及 5个实验组 (各 15颗 ) ,分别用不同的根充糊剂加牙胶尖以冷侧压法充填根管 ,通过染料渗入法检查根尖微渗漏。结果 所有根充糊剂充填后根尖部位均有微渗漏 ,Vitapex组的微渗漏值低于其他各组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而其余各组结果差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 各种根充糊剂充填后都不能完全封闭根尖孔 。

封闭型水性聚氨酯预聚体在纸张表面处理中的应用

本文研究了咪唑、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯和聚乙二醇600形成的封闭型水性聚氨酯预聚体在纸张表面处理中的应用。用咪唑-TDI-PEG600聚氨酯预聚体(简称LTP600)溶液,对滤纸进行涂布处理,讨论了表面涂布量分别为5g/m2、10g/m2、15g/m2、20g/m2、30g/m2和40g/m2时,滤纸各项物理性能的变化。研究结果表明:当滤纸涂布量为15g/m2时,滤纸的耐折度、抗张强度等物理性能有明显改善,处理后滤纸的湿抗张指数和干抗张指数分别提高到滤纸原纸的35.44倍和2.65倍,耐折度提高了54倍。扫描电镜观察可以看出加聚氨酯预聚体进行聚氨酯化后纸页的纤维间连接了许多丝状和膜状物质,这些物质在纤维之间尤其是纤维与纤维交叉的地方形成架桥结构,从而加强了纤维之间连接。

脊柱关节病诊断和治疗的相关热点

脊柱关节病(SpA)是一大类高发病率、高致残率的风湿性疾病。如何减少误诊及提高早期诊断率仍是临床有待解决的难题。随着临床研究的深入及影像学检查如CT、MR I的普及,以往的Amor和ESSG SpA诊断标准已不能满足临床早期诊断的要求,ASAS近年发布了中轴型SpA最新分类标准,该标准既传承了以往标准IBP、骶髂关节影像学改变的SpA传统观念,同时也兼顾伴有HLA-B27(+)以及仅有SpA特征的早期SpA特殊人群,对避免SpA误诊及漏诊有重要意义。非甾体抗炎药及类固醇激素有良好的抗炎镇痛作用,但不能控制病情,仅少数的慢作用药及免疫抑制剂证实对SpA有效,生物制剂的问世是SpA治疗的里程碑。SpA应综合患者的具体情况进行个体化治疗。

腹壁子宫内膜异位症31例临床分析

目的：探讨腹壁子宫内膜异位症的临床特点、治疗方法和预后。方法：回顾性分析1999～2007年本院收治的31例腹壁子宫内膜异位症病例的临床资料，足月剖宫产史26例，就诊年龄（28．8±9．2）岁，发病时间为术后3个月～6年，均有程度不同的经期切口瘢痕处胀痛症状。行手术切除26例，药物保守治疗5例。结果：行手术切除病灶的26例患者术后无一例复发，切除病灶直径平均4．0cm，显著大于术前扪诊和超声测量的1．0～2．0cm（P〈0．01）。医源性内膜种植引起切口异位症占0．05％。31例腹壁子宫内膜异位症治疗后随访，药物保守治疗者停药后均有不同程度的症状反复。结论：手术后腹壁子宫内膜异位症的发生与手术引起的医源性内膜种植有关，治疗首选手术，B超用于术前测量病灶大小及病灶的浸润范围。复发后可再次手术。腹壁子宫内膜异位症治疗最重要的在于预防。

心力衰竭时基质金属蛋白酶的变化及其治疗对策

基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)是一组对细胞外基质(ECM)有特异降解作用的锌依赖性蛋白水解酶,其表达和活性受到严格调控,并通过影响ECM的降解在心肌重构中起重要作用。充血性心力衰竭(CHF)时存在心肌MMPs表达和活性变化以及MMP/TIMP(MMPs组织抑制因子)平衡失调。根据此现象,靶向性调节MMPs表达和活性的治疗有望成为CHF治疗新策略。本文就MMPs的生物学特性、在CHF时的活性调控及其治疗对策简要综述。

超声技术在门静脉癌栓诊治中的研究进展

门静脉癌栓(PVTT)是肝细胞癌(HCC)的严重并发症与重要转移方式,PVTT的诊断和评估主要依靠医学影像学技术。本文对PVTT的形成机制,临床特征及分型,国内、外最新治疗进展和超声技术的应用进行综述,以便为临床上PVTT的准确评估、诊断方法的选择、规范化治疗方案的制定和治疗效果预测提供帮助。