Response of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems of Polygonum hydropiper to Mn stress

The response of enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidants of Mn hyperaccumuator, Polygonum hydropiper （P. hydropiper）, to Mn stress was studied using hydroponics culture experiments to explore the mechanism of Mn tolerance in this species. Results showed that both chlorophyll and carotenoid contents significantly （p〈0.05） decreased with increasing Mn treatment levels （0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/L） in hydroponics. The concentrations of malondialdehyde （MDA） and hydrogen peroxide （H202） in the root and shoot of P hydropiper were accumulated under Mn stress. Meanwhile, the anti-oxidative functions of several important enzymes, including superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, ascorbate peroxidase （APX） and peroxidase （POD） in plants were stimulated by Mn spike in leaves and roots, especially at low Mn stress; while sulfhydryl group （--SH） and glutathion （GSH） were likely involved in Mn detoxification ofP. hydropiper under high Mn stress.

The Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant and Level of Oxidative Stress of Tuberculosis Patients in Selected Treatment Center in Addis Ababa Ethiopia

Introduction: Non-enzymatic antioxidants are good scavengers of free radicals preventing their overproduction there by reducing the level of oxidative stress. This work was undertaken at Saint Peter TB specialized hospital and TekleHaimanot health center from March 2012 to May 2013.Aim: To determine changes in Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants and level of oxidative stress of tuberculosis Patients before and after taking anti tuberculosis treatment.Materials and Methods: In this comparative cross sectional study, a total of 210 individuals including: newly diagnosed TB patients as group-I (n = 70), TB patients who completed treatment as group-II (n = 70), and healthy volunteers as group-III (n = 70) were enrolled. Different methods were used to determine the parameters;vit-C (HPLC method), lipid peroxidation (thiobarbuituric acid method), and bilirubin (Colorimetric assay). Results: Vitamin-C (Vit-C) and of group-I showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001) as compared with both group-II and group-III whereas Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was increased. However, the total and direct bilirubin was not different among the groups. In group-III, there was a positive correlation between BMI and serum Vit-C (r = -0.305, p = 0.010). Vit-C showed a negative correlation with serum MDA in all the groups with values (r = -0.265, p = 0.027), (r = -0.389, p = 0.001) and (r = -0.375, p = 0.001) for group-I, group-II and group-III respectively. In addition to this Vit-C was negatively correlated with serum UA (r = -0.285, p = 0.017) in group-I. Conclusion: The findings of the current study suggest that the amount of Vit-C in the newly diagnosed TB patients and those who finished their treatment is much lower than the healthy volunteers. In contrast to this, the MDA value was significantly higher both in the newly diagnosed TB patients and TB patients who completed treatment than in healthy volunteers suggesting higher degree of oxidative stress.

Effect of butyl phthalide on serum cytokines, soluble apoptosis factors and antioxidant molecules in patients with vascular dementia

Objective:To study the effect of butyl phthalide on serum cytokines, soluble apoptosis factors and antioxidant molecules in patients with vascular dementia. Methods:86 patients with vascular dementia admitted in our hospital between January 2014 and January 2016 were selected for retrospective study and divided into observation group and control group (n=43) according to double-blind randomized control. Observation group received butyl phthalide capsule (0.2 g/time, 3 times/d) treatment on the basis of conventional treatment, control group received conventional treatment alone, and both lasted for 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of treatment, ELISA was used to determine serum levels of vascular repair factors and soluble apoptosis factors of two groups of patients, and radioimmunoassay was used to determine serum levels of antioxidant molecules. Results:After 24 weeks of treatment, serum vascular repair factors heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), angiogenin I (AngI) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels of observation group were higher than those of control group, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) level was lower than that of control group, and differences between groups were statistically significant (P<0.05);serum soluble factor-related apoptosis (sFas) and soluble factor-related apoptosis ligand (sFasL) levels were lower than those of control group (P<0.05);serum antioxidant molecules superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) levels were higher than those of control group (P<0.05). Conclusions:Butyl phthalide can prompt vascular repair in patients with vascular dementia, and also inhibit apoptosis process and balance the body’s oxidation/antioxidation system function.

Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract adjuvant therapy on inflammatory reaction, adhesion molecules and antioxidant function in patients with cerebral infarction complicated with hyperhomocysteinemia

Objective: To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract adjuvant therapy on inflammatory reaction, adhesion molecules and antioxidant function in patients with cerebral infarction complicated with hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods: A total of 114 patients with cerebral infarction complicated with hyperhomocysteinemia who were conformed to the research selection criteria were selected as the research objects, according to the random data table method they were evenly divided into the control group (n=57) and the observation group (n=57), patients in the two groups were given conventional supportive treatment, on this basis, the control group patients were given folic acid tablets and vitamin B12 treatment, the observation group was treated with Ginkgo biloba extract dripping pills on the basis of the treatment of the control group. The levels of inflammatory factors, adhesion molecules and antioxidant and antioxidant function were compared between the two groups before and after treatment (after treatment 30 d). Results: There was no significant difference in the levels of hs-CRP, WBC, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, SOD and MDA between the two groups before and after treatment;After treatment, the levels of hs-CRP, WBC, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MDA in the observation group were significantly lower than those in control group, all significantly lower than the levels in the same group before treatment, the difference was statistically significant. After treatment, the level of SOD in the observation group was (100.37±9.45) U/mL, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (85.04±9.49) U/mL, which was significantly higher than that before the treatment, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba extract adjuvant treatment of cerebral infarction significantly with high homocysteine hyperlipidemia efficacy can effectively reduce the inflammatory response to stress, reduce the release of adhesion molecules, improve the antioxidant function of oxidation, which has an important clinical value.

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients

Oxidative stress, a pervasive condition of increased number of reactive oxygen species, is now recognized to be prominent feature of various diseases and their progression. The relationship between antioxidants and levels of well-known markers of oxidative stress, measured as lipid peroxides and oxidized proteins reflect health indices. The aim of this study is to evaluate the extent of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia patients. The present study included 60 patients selected using standard questionnaire based on age, family history, Body Mass Index (BMI), dietary intake, with no other complications and 30 age and sex-matched healthy subjects. The median age of myeloid leukemia patients was 43 years and that of controls was 42 years. Out of 60 myeloid leukemia patients, 30 were in acute and 30 were in chronic state. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status were evaluated in the patients and in the controls by assessing standard oxidative stress markers viz. plasma and erythrocyte lipid peroxide levels in terms of malondialdehyde and oxidized proteins as protein carbonyls whereas antioxidant status was assessed in terms of serum non enzymatic antioxidant levels. There was a significant increase (p 0.01) in plasma and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia patients as compared to healthy subjects. Antioxidant status as indicated by the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants viz. erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH), serum β carotene, vitamin A & C and ceruloplasmin was found to be significantly decreased (p 0.01) in both the leukemia patients as compared to healthy participants. However, chronic myeloid leukemia patients had significantly (p 0.05) higher oxidative stress and lower antioxidant status as compared to acute myeloid leukemia patients.

多成分含量测定结合抗氧化活性的化学计量学分析筛选五味子标准汤剂质量标志物的研究

目的探究五味子标准汤剂抗氧化活性的质量标志物。方法采用基于一测多评法(QAMS)的超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)结合化学计量学评价15批五味子标准汤剂的质量;采用DPPH法和ABTS法测定15批样品的抗氧化活性,并借助灰色关联度(GRA)和偏最小二乘回归法(PLSR)分析8种成分含量与抗氧化活性的关联。采用分子对接技术探讨候选质量标志物与抗氧化核心靶点的结合性,同时对单体的体外抗氧化活性进行实验验证。结果QAMS法与外标法(ESM)的含量结果差异不显著(P>0.05),并推测原儿茶酸、五味子醇乙、五味子酯乙、五味子乙素为五味子标准汤剂的质量差异成分。根据GRA和PLSR结果,上述4个质量差异成分可作为抗氧化能力的备选标志物。分子对接结果显示4个候选质量标志物与抗氧化相关靶点具有良好的亲和力。研究认为五味子标准汤剂的抗氧化作用可能是多种成分综合作用的结果,其中,单体成分验证结果显示原儿茶酸具有明显的抗氧化活性并呈现剂量依赖关系,最符合作为质量标志物的特征,因而可能作为五味子标准汤剂抗氧化的质量标志物。结论基于UPLC含量测定法和体外抗氧化实验,预测了五味子标准汤剂中的潜在抗氧化活性物质,也为五味子其它相关制剂的质量评价提供合理依据。

Roles of dietary supplementation with arginine or N-carbamylglutamate in modulating the inflammation, antioxidant property, and m RNA expression of antioxidant-relative signaling molecules in the spleen of rats under oxidative stress

This study evaluated the effects of arginine(Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate(NCG) on inflammation, antioxidant property, and antioxidant-related gene expression in rat spleen under oxidative stress. A total of 52 rats were randomly distributed into 4 treatment groups with 13 replicates per group. Rats were fed a basal diet(BD) or BD supplemented with Arg or NCG for 30 days. On day 28, half of the BD-fed rats were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline(control group), and the other half with 12 mg/kg body weight of diquat(DT; DT group). The other 2 diet groups were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg body weight of DT with either Arg(1%)(DT t Arg) or NCG(0.1%)(DT t NCG). Rat spleen samples were collected for analysis at 48 h after DT injection. Results showed that DT damaged the antioxidant defense in rats compared with the control group(P < 0.05). Compared with the DT group, the DT t Arg and DT t NCG groups manifested improved anti-hydroxyl radical, catalase, and total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) activities, increased glutathione content(P < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde content(P < 0.05).Moreover, compared with the DT group, the DT t Arg and DT t NCG groups enhanced mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx1), glutathione reductase(GR), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap-1), and mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR)(P < 0.05). Both NCG and Arg significantly increased anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA level but suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression under oxidative stress(P < 0.05). In summary, NCG and Arg effectively alleviated oxidative stress, improved the antioxidant capacity and regulated the antioxidant-related signaling molecular expression in rat spleen. N-carbamylglutamate and Arg reduced the inflammation in the spleen by mediating the gene expression of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β).

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of A Novel Isomeric Molecule(PF5)Obtained from Methanolic Extract of Pleurotus Florida Mushroom

The Pleurotus florida is recognized as a medicinal and edible mushroom and the present study intends to reveal the active isomeric molecules from this mushroom.The P.florida was cultivated using different nutrient supplements:groundnut husk,maize powder,horse gram powder and coconut oil-cake powder.Horse gram supplement showed the higher mushroom yield and henceit was used for the cultivation of P.florida.Methanolic extract of P.florida was found to be efficient in antioxidant activity among ethanol,aqueous,ethyl acetate and hexane extracts.The bioactive fraction 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid(PF5)was isolated and purified from the methanolic extract of P.florida by column chromatography,thin layer chromatography(TLC)and gas chromatography-mass spectrum(GC-MS)and further it was characterized by Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The PF5 was tested for its DPPH and reducing power assays,and the IC_(50) values were found to be 21.7μg/mL and 105μg/mL,respectively.We found that the cytotoxic effect of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid was tested against the lung cancer cell line using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT),sulphorodamine B(SRB)and trypan blue assays which exhibited a higher cytotoxic effect(CTC_(50),645μg/mL).These results suggested that 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid from P.florida could be explored as a novel and potent natural antioxidant and cancer preventive agent,alternative to existing synthetic molecules.

Evaluation of In Vitro Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Properites of Leaf Extract from Alpinia Purpurata(Vieill.) K. Schum.

Objective： To evaluate the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of leaf extract from Alpinia purpurata. Methods： One gram of fresh leaf of Alpinia purpurata was grinded in 2 mL of 50% ethanol and centrifuged at 10,000×g at 4 ℃ for 10 min. The supernatant obtained was used within 4 h for various enzymatic antioxidants assays like superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT）, glutathione peroxidase（GPx）, glutathione S-transferase（GST）, ascorbate oxidase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase（PPO） and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C, total reduced glutathione（TRG） and lipid peroxidation（LPO）. Results： The leaf extract of Alpinia purpurata possess antioxidants like vitamin C 472.92±6.80 μg/mg protein, GST 372.11±5.70 μmol of 1-chloro 2,4 dinitrobenzene（CDNB）-reduced glutathione（GSH） conjugate formed/min/mg protein, GPx 281.69±6.43 μg of glutathione oxidized/min/mg protein, peroxidases 173.12±9.40 μmol/g tissue, TRG 75.27±3.55 μg/mg protein, SOD 58.03±2.11 U/mg protein, CAT 46.70±2.35 μmol of H_2O_2 consumed/min/mg protein in high amount whereas ascorbate oxidase 17.41±2.46 U/g tissue, LPO 2.71±0.14 nmol/L of malondialdehyde formed/min/mg protein and PPO 1.14±0.11 μmol/g tissue in moderate amount. Conclusion： Alpinia purpurata has the potential to scavenge the free radicals and protect against oxidative stress causing diseases. In future, Alpinia purpurata may serve as a good pharmacotherapeutic agent.

氨基酸在畜禽冷应激中的作用的研究进展

冷应激可为畜禽的正常生长发育带来很大危害,严重阻碍畜禽产业的健康发展。氨基酸是动物生长发育中不可或缺的营养物质,能够缓解冷应激带来的不利影响,使机体在严寒环境中维持正常的生长发育,增强机体抗寒性能。文章综述了冷应激对畜禽的危害及氨基酸在冷应激中营养、抗氧化及分子介导的作用,以期为制定畜禽冷应激保护方案和健康养殖提供参考。

Nanoscale coordination polymer Fe-DMY downregulating Poldip2-Nox4-H2O2 pathway and alleviating diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness and severe visual impairment in adults.The high levels of glucose trigger multiple intracellular oxidative stress pathways,such as POLDIP2,resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),hypoxia-inducible factor 1a(HIF-1a),and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),causing microvascular dysfunction.Dihydromyricetin(DMY)is a natural flavonoid small molecule antioxidant.However,it exhibits poor solubility in physiological environments,has a short half-life in vivo,and has low oral bioavailability.In this study,we present,for the first time,the synthesis of ultra-small Fe-DMY nano-coordinated polymer particles(Fe-DMY NCPs),formed by combining DMY with low-toxicity iron ions.In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that Fe-DMY NCPs alleviate oxidative stress-induced damage to vascular endothelial cells by high glucose,scavenge excess ROS,and improve pathological features of DR,such as retinal vascular leakage and neovascularization.Mechanistic validation indicates that Fe-DMY NCPs can inhibit the activation of the Poldip2-Nox4-H_(2)O_(2) signaling pathway and downregulate vital vascular function indicators such as VCAM-1,HIF-1a,and VEGF.These findings suggest that Fe-DMY NCPs could serve as a safe and effective antioxidant and microangio-protective agent,with the potential as a novel multimeric drug for DR therapy.

野生榛仁小分子肽抗疲劳活性研究

以榛仁分离蛋白粉为原料制备榛仁小分子肽(HSMP)。通过小鼠运动试验、HSMP的生化和抗氧化指标来评价HSMP的抗疲劳作用。结果表明:与空白对照组相比,HSMP不同剂量组小鼠的前肢抓力、疲劳转棒时间、负重游泳时间均显著增加,小鼠体内血乳酸、血尿素氮、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶、丙二醛含量均减少,肝糖原、肌糖原、三磷酸腺苷含量均明显增加,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力显著提高。说明HSMP对小鼠抗运动性疲劳具有一定功效。

氢分子医学研究进展

过去人们对氢气的生物学效应认识存在误解。最近研究发现,氢气是一种良好的选择性抗氧化物质,对许多疾病具有显著治疗作用,本文就相关研究最新进展进行综述,并对将来研究方向进行展望。

丁苯酞对血管性痴呆患者血清中细胞因子、可溶性凋亡因子、抗氧化分子的影响

目的:探讨丁苯酞对血管性痴呆患者血清中细胞因子、可溶性凋亡因子、抗氧化分子的影响。方法:收集本院收治的血管性痴呆患者86例作回顾性研究,按照双盲随机对照法分为观察组、对照组各43例。观察组在常规治疗基础上加入丁苯酞胶囊(0.2g/次,3次/d)治疗,对照组仅接受常规治疗,均持续24周。治疗24周后,采用ELISA法测定两组的血清血管修复因子、可溶性凋亡因子含量,采用放射免疫法测定血清抗氧化分子含量。结果:治疗24周后,观察组的血清血管修复因子血红素氧化酶-1(HO-1)、血管生成素Ⅰ(AngⅠ)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)含量高于对照组,基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)含量低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清可溶性凋亡相关因子(sFas)、可溶性凋亡相关因子配体(sFasL)含量低于对照组;血清抗氧化分子超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化力(TAC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)含量高于对照组。结论:丁苯酞可促使血管性痴呆患者的血管修复,同时抑制细胞凋亡进程、平衡机体氧化/抗氧化系统功能。

类黄酮与酚酸等天然抗氧化剂的结构与其抗氧化力的关系

近几十年来，葡萄(酒)、茶叶等植物中天然抗氧化剂所具有的保健功能已引起了人们的高度重视，国内外许多科学家对这些抗氧化剂的结构、功能及制取方法等方面进行了不懈的研究。本文在前人研究基础上结合自己的试验，对类黄酮类和酚酸类等两类天然抗氧化剂的结构与其抗氧化力的关系进行了综述，阐述了二者的关系，不同结构的抗氧化剂在不同的作用环境中(液相与脂相)表现出的抗氧化力差别很大。

茶多酚类抗氧化剂的改性

综述了将茶多酚由水溶性改性为脂溶性的溶剂法、乳化法、分子修饰法，并对三种方法在实际应用中的前景进行评述。

类黄酮生物活性的研究进展

类黄酮是一大类从高等植物中提取的可食用的多酚类物质,具有抗氧化和自由基清除活性,对人体具有营养及医疗价值,如抗病毒、抗癌、保护神经系统和心血管系统等.在类黄酮体外及体内生物活性的研究中,近年又出现一种新的观点,认为类黄酮可作为细胞信号传导途径的调节因子,并能影响基因的表达.

阿魏酸通过抑制核因子κB信号途径降低肿瘤坏死因子α诱导的人血管内皮细胞氧化应激及黏附分子表达

目的通过检测人脐静脉内皮细胞的氧化应激、细胞黏附分子和炎症相关信号分子表达,探讨阿魏酸在肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)诱导的血管内皮损伤中的保护作用和机制。方法以人脐静脉内皮细胞为研究模型,给予阿魏酸预处理,在基础或者TNF-α刺激条件下,蛋白质免疫印记法检测细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)表达和炎症相关细胞信号分子;MTT法检测内皮细胞活性;Hoechst 33342细胞核染色检测细胞凋亡比率;以DHE染色检测氧自由基(ROS)生成;单核细胞和血管内皮细胞黏附实验检测血管内皮细胞的黏附功能;以蛋白质免疫印记法和细胞免疫荧光实验检测核因子κB(NF-κB)的活化。结果 TNF-α可以明显增加血管内皮细胞氧自由基生成及ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达,并且可以明显激活NF-κB,促进其核转位。阿魏酸可以明显抑制TNF-α诱导的血管内皮细胞氧自由基生成及ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达升高,抑制NF-κB活化和核转位。结论阿魏酸可以通过抑制NF-κB信号途径减轻TNF-α导致的血管内皮细胞氧自由基增高、黏附分子表达,抑制炎性因子导致的细胞损伤。

儿茶素的分子修饰

本文通过用油酸酸氯酸化的办法将水溶性EGCG修饰成油溶性的EGCG，修饰后产物油溶性好，对AMVN启动的卵磷脂过氧化产生的脂自由基有较好的清除作用，明显优于水溶性EGCG，与TBHQ接近；对食用大豆色拉油的过氧化有明显的抑制作用，与VE、TBHQ接近，且抗氧化作用稳定。

分子修饰法制备油溶性茶多酚及其抗氧化性能的研究

采用分子修饰法制备了豆油脂肪酸酐修饰的茶多酚,通过红外光谱对分子修饰的茶多酚进行了结构表征。将修饰后的茶多酚作为油脂的抗氧化剂,添加到豆油中,考察其溶解性及抗氧化性能。结果表明,有机基团修饰的茶多酚具有优良的分散性,可提高豆油的抗氧化性能。在相同浓度时,豆油脂肪酸酐修饰的茶多酚抗氧化活性优于茶多酚和BHT。