Efficacy Study on Six Antibiotic Methods for Treating Non-Gonococcal Urethritis and Cervicitis

Objective： To analyze the efficacy of six antibiotic methods for treating non- gonococcal urethritis /cervicitis and the factors influencing efficacy. Methods： Retrospective analysis of 878 nongonococcal urethritis / cervicitis cases which received regular treatment and follow-up in our institute from 1st Jan. 2001 to 31st Aug. 2003. Results： The mean cure rate of six methods for Chlamydia trachamatis （Ct） was 57.116%. There were distinct differences among these methods for Ct treatment.The mean cure rate of six methods for Ureaplasma urealyticum （Uu） was 69.556% and there was no difference among these methods for Uu treatment. Coinfection with Ct and Uu dramatically reduced the elimination rate of these two pathogens. Conclusion： The effectiveness of treatment of these antibodies for non-gonococcal urethritis / cervicitis is not currently satisfactory. Importantly, there were many antibiotic-resistant Ct and Uu strains. The factors influencing antibiotic efficacy and mechanisms need further study.

Potential of non-Western medicines in chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer

This editorial explores the potential integration of non-Western medicine into radiotherapy for cervical cancer.While radiotherapy remains a radical treatment for cervical cancer,its associated toxicity and decline in quality of life can significantly impact patients’lives.Currently,most treatments are supportive,with no specific treatment options available in Western medicine.Non-Western medicine,often less toxic and easier to administer,has shown promising results when used alongside radiotherapy for cervical cancer.Despite these potential benefits,challenges such as limited evidence and restricted application areas persist.While non-Western medicines may offer potential improvements in chemoradiotherapy outcomes for cervical cancer,further research is necessary to substantiate these benefits.

Peripheral blood RNA biomarkers can predict lesion severity in degenerative cervical myelopathy

Degenerative cervical myelopathy is a common cause of spinal cord injury,with longer symptom duration and higher myelopathy severity indicating a worse prognosis.While numerous studies have investigated serological biomarkers for acute spinal cord injury,few studies have explored such biomarkers for diagnosing degenerative cervical myelopathy.This study involved 30 patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy(51.3±7.3 years old,12 women and 18 men),seven healthy controls(25.7±1.7 years old,one woman and six men),and nine patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(51.9±8.6 years old,three women and six men).Analysis of blood samples from the three groups showed clear differences in transcriptomic characteristics.Enrichment analysis identified 128 differentially expressed genes that were enriched in patients with neurological disabilities.Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis,we constructed a five-gene model(TBCD,TPM2,PNKD,EIF4G2,and AP5Z1)to diagnose degenerative cervical myelopathy with an accuracy of 93.5%.One-gene models(TCAP and SDHA)identified mild and severe degenerative cervical myelopathy with accuracies of 83.3%and 76.7%,respectively.Signatures of two immune cell types(memory B cells and memory-activated CD4^(+)T cells)predicted levels of lesions in degenerative cervical myelopathy with 80%accuracy.Our results suggest that peripheral blood RNA biomarkers could be used to predict lesion severity in degenerative cervical myelopathy.

AIDS-Associated Mycoplasmas Infections in Patients with Nongonococcal Urethritis and Mucopurulent Cervicitis

Background: The incidence of sexually transmittedHIV infections is rapidly increasing in China, and theprevalence of AIDS-associated mycoplasmas (includingMycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma penetrans, Myco-plasma pirum and Mycoplasma fermentans) infections isunknown in patients with sexually transmitted diseases.Objective: To investigate the prevalence of these 4species of AIDS-associated mycoplasmas infections inpatients with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) andmucopurulent cervicitis (MPC).Methods: In 65 patients with NGU/MPC, detection ofM. genitalium, M. penetrans, M. pirum and M. fermentansin genital and pharyngeal specimens was performed byculture and nested polymerase chain reaction.Results: M. genitalium, M. penetrans, M. pirum and M.fermentans were identified in genital specimens from23.1% (15/65), 12.3% (8/65), 1.5% (1/65) and 0% ofpatients, respectively, and from pharyngeal samples in26.2% (17/65), 15.4% (10/65), 1.5% (1/65) and 0% ofpatients, respectively. M. genitalium was detected in bothgenital and pharyngeal samples in 10.8% (7/65) ofpatients, and M. penetrans in 4.6% (3/65) of patients. M.pirum was found in only 2 cases, and no M. fermentanswas discovered.Conclusions: This study suggests that M. genitaliumand M. penetrans infections are common in patients withNGU/MPC. M. genitalium and M. penetrans may be trans-mitted by genital-genital or oral-genital sex, and maycause urethritis and cervicitis.

Cervical cancer prevention in China: where are we now, and what's next?

Cervical cancer(CC) epidemiology CC, the fourth most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide, is a major global health challenge, particularly in low-resource regions. Approximately 88.1% of the 604,000 CC new cases occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020, and more than 90% of the 342,000 CC deaths occurred in low-and middle-income countries in 2020~1.

Pharmacodynamics Study in vitro and in vivo of Zijin Huadu Suppository Treating Cervicitis

[Objectives] To observe the pharmaceutical effect of Zijin Huadu suppository on treatment of cervicitis induced by virus,bacteria and phenol in vivo and in vitro,and provide experimental basis for evaluating its therapeutic effects for cervicitis. [Methods]Real-time RT-PCR and CPE methods were used to observe the inhibition of Zijin Huadu suppository on virus,and turbidimetry was used to observe bacteriostatic action; HE pathological section was used to observe cervicitis of rat,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect virus' s expression in cervical tissue.[Results]In cervicitis rat model infected by HPV16,Zijin Huadu suppositories at the doses of 1. 2,0. 6 and0. 3 g/( kg·d) had significant inhibitory effect on HPV16 expression in cervical tissues,and the doses of 1. 2 and 0. 6 g/( kg·d) had significantly inhibitory effect on pathological changes of cervical tissues. In cervicities rat models infected mixedly by Escherichia coli,Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus,Zijin Huadu suppositories at the doses of 1. 2 and 0. 6 g/( kg·d) had significant inhibitory effect on pathological changes of cervical tissues. In cervicitis rat models induced by chemical substances,Zijin Huadu suppositories at the dose of1. 2 g/( kg·d) had significant inhibitory effect on vagina and cervix lesions in rats. In vitro,Zijin Huadu suppository showed obvious inhibitory effects on HSV-2,HPV16,Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus albus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,group B Streptococcus,E. coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteusbacillus vulgaris,Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida albicans.[Conclusions] Zijin Huadu suppository has obvious inhibitory effect in vitro on viruses and bacteria,and could obviously improve the phenol-induced cervicitis.

Promising outcomes 5 weeks after a surgical cervical shunting procedure to unclog cerebral lymphatic systems in a patient with Alzheimer’s disease

Recently,the glymphatic system has been recognised as an important‘waste solutes transport channel’within the brain.1 Studies have shown that blockage of the glymphatic system leads to increased beta-amyloid deposits,accelerating the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).12 Given that cervical lymph nodes receive cerebrospinal fluid from the brain’s glymphatic system,34 we speculated that decompression of the lymphatic trunk and cervical lymphatic-venous anastomosis(LVA)could facilitate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial glymphatic system,potentially accelerating the clearance of harmful beta-amyloid and tau proteins.We collaborated with surgeons who specialise in LVA supermicrosurgery for maxillofacial tumours and lymphoedema to develop a procedure to relieve the blockage of the glymphatic system.This surgery employs supermicrosurgery techniques to create LVA connecting the bilateral cervical,deep lymphatic vessels to the veins,resulting in lymphatic trunk decompression,which allows the lymph fluid in the high-pressure lymphatic vessels to flow into the low-pressure venous system.The goal of the minimally invasive surgery is to enhance the removal of proteins,such as beta-amyloid and tau,from the brain’s lymphatic systems to the maxillofacial lymphatic vessels,unclogging protein blockages within the brain.This extracranial procedure is safer than intracranial approaches.

Diagnostic challenges and individualized treatment of cervical adenocarcinoma metastases to the breast:A case report

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a rare primary tumor resulting in metastases to the breast with few cases reported in literature.Breast metastases are associated with poor prognosis.The following case highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with metastatic cervical cancer to the breast along with individualized treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old G7P5025 with no significant past medical or surgical history presented with heavy vaginal to an outside emergency department where an exam and a pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a 4.5 cm heterogenous lobulated cervical mass involving upper two thirds of vagina,parametria and lymph node metastases.Cervical biopsies confirmed high grade adenocarcinoma with mucinous features.A positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT)did not show evidence of metastatic disease.She received concurrent cisplatin with external beam radiation therapy.Follow up PET/CT scan three months later showed no suspicious fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the cervix and no evidence of metastatic disease.Patient was lost to follow up for six months.She was re-imaged on re-presentation and found to have widely metastatic disease including breast disease.Breast biopsy confirmed programmed death-ligand 1 positive metastatic cervical cancer.The patient received six cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel with pembrolizumab.Restaging imaging demonstrated response.Patient continued on pembrolizumab with disease control.CONCLUSION Metastatic cervical cancer to the breast is uncommon with nonspecific clinical findings that can make diagnosis challenging.Clinical history and immunohistochemical evaluation of breast lesion,and comparison to primary tumor can support diagnosis of metastatic cervical cancer to the breast.Overall,the prognosis is poor,but immunotherapy can be considered in select patients and may result in good disease response.

Detection of Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection in Male Non-gonococcal Urethritis Patients by InPouch TV Culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective: To study the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection in Chinese male patients with nongonococcalurethritis (NGU), to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity ofurine-based and urethral swab polymerase chain reaction(PCR) detection, to set up a method for non-invasive detectionof male TV infection. Method: One hundred and five male NGU patients wereselected from a Beijing STD clinic. Two urethral swabs wereobtained from each patient, one for the InPouch TV culturesystem and the other for PCR. In addition, one first void urinespecimen was collected for PCR detection. Culture wasconsidered the 'gold standard'. The sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) of the two PCR detections were compared to cultureresults. Results: The prevalence of urine-based PCR and urethralswab PCR detection was 3.81% (4/105) and 4.76% (5/105)respectively. Compared to culture, the sensitivity, specificity,PPV and NPV were 80%, 100%, 100% and 99% for urinbased PCR and 80%, 99%, 80% and 99% for urethral swab PCR. Conclusion: TV is one of the etiological agents in male NGU,with a 4.76% prevalence of infection in our study. The urine-based PCR detection has higher sensitivity and specificity andprovides a noninvasive method more feasible in practice.

Clinical Experience in TCM Treatment of Chronic Cervicitis

Chronic cervicitis is a common disease in the female reproductive system, which may be the inducing factor for carcinoma of uterine cervix. It is clinically manifested by sticky and foul leukorrhagia, contact hemorrhage, pain in the lower limbs or lumbosacral region, dysmenorrhea and infertility. ……

Effectiveness of Co-Testing in Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Macao SAR

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern in Macao SAR despite the implementation of a cervical cancer screening program and HPV vaccination. To improve early detection, Macao SAR introduced HPV DNA testing alongside cytology (co-testing) as the primary screening method in 2019. This study evaluates the effectiveness of co-testing in identifying cervical precancerous lesions (CIN2+) compared to cytology alone. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of women aged 30 - 65 years who participated in the routine cervical cancer screening program in Macao SAR Primary Healthcare Centers from 2019 to 2022. Data from over 70,000 women were analyzed, comparing the detection rates of CIN2+ through co-testing and cytology alone. Women with abnormal cytology or positive HPV results were referred for colposcopy. Results: The introduction of co-testing led to a significant increase in the detection of CIN2+, particularly in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) cytology results. Between 2019 and 2022, the percentage of women with ASCUS/NILM and any high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positive who were diagnosed with CIN2+ after colposcopy were 24%, 13%, 10% and 7.5% respectively. This highlights the ability of co-testing to identify high-risk individuals who would have been missed by cytology alone. Discussion: Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of co-testing in improving the sensitivity of cervical cancer screening in Macao SAR. The inclusion of HPV DNA testing allows for better risk stratification of women with ASCUS/NILM cytology, leading to more targeted referrals for colposcopy and timely detection of precancerous lesions. The initial high positive rate in 2019 (24%) might be attributed to the small sample size and potentially reflects a backlog of undiagnosed cases prior to co-testing implementation. Conclusion: The implementation of co-testing in Macao SAR’s cervical cancer screening program significantly improves the early detection of precancerous lesions, particularly in women with ambiguous cytology results. This proactive approach contributes to reducing cervical cancer morbidity and mortality and improving women’s health outcomes in Macao SAR.

Combining neural progenitor cell transplant and rehabilitation for enhanced recovery after cervical spinal cord injury

Efforts to promote recovery of function after human spinal cord injury(SCI) will likely require interventions to rgeting the corticospinal tract(CST) motor system:the most important pathway for voluntary motor control in humans.This system has historically been the most refractory to regenerative efforts after SCI.The "nonregeneration" of the CST changed when robust regeneration of the CST into spared tissue was demonstrated by the inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homolog and delivery of inosine.

Retraction:miR-181a-5p Promotes Proliferation and Invasion and Inhibits Apoptosis of Cervical Cancer Cells via Regulating Inositol Polyphosphate-5-Phosphatase A(INPP5A)

Following the publication,concerns have been raised about a number of figures in this article.An unexpected area of similarity was identified in terms of the cellular data,where the results from differently performed experiments were intended to have been shown,although the areas immediately surrounding this area featured comparatively different distributions of cells.In addition,the western blots in this article were presented with atypical,unusually shaped and possibly anomalous protein bands in many cases.

Pregnancy and Obstetrical Outcomes Following Treatment for Cervical Intra-Epithelial Neoplasia (CIN) in Two Hospitals of a Low-Resource Country

Objective: In Cameroon, more than 80% of women suffering from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are within the reproductive age. This study intended to analyze the pregnancy outcomes following cervical treatment in Cameroon. Methods: This was a cohort study with two years retrospective data collection involving 82 women who underwent cervical treatment for CIN in two Cameroonian hospitals from January 2015 to December 2017. Data were collected from CIN treatment to end of pregnancy where applicable. Data analysis was done using Epi Info software version 3.5.4. Results: We collected data from 82 patients aged 27 to 48 years, with a mean age of 36.5 (SD: 5.3) years. During the study period, 33 out of 82 participants became pregnant 40.2 [29.56 - 51.66]%. The factor associated with pregnancy occurrence after treatment was age less than 35 years (Odds ratio = 4.37 [1.7 - 11.2]. From the 33 pregnancies recorded, 17 (51.5%) ended in a delivery, amongst which 15 (88.2%) were vaginal. Conclusion: Pregnancy frequency over two years following cervical treatment for CIN was relatively good, and younger women (age 35 years) were significantly more like to have conceived compared to their older counterparts. Post-treatment delivery outcomes seem to be similar to those in the general population.

Artificial intelligence strengthens cervical cancer screening–present and future

Cervical cancer is a severe threat to women’s health.The majority of cervical cancer cases occur in developing countries.The WHO has proposed screening 70%of women with high-performance tests between 35 and 45 years of age by 2030 to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer.Due to an inadequate health infrastructure and organized screening strategy,most low-and middle-income countries are still far from achieving this goal.As part of the efforts to increase performance of cervical cancer screening,it is necessary to investigate the most accurate,efficient,and effective methods and strategies.Artificial intelligence(AI)is rapidly expanding its application in cancer screening and diagnosis and deep learning algorithms have offered human-like interpretation capabilities on various medical images.AI will soon have a more significant role in improving the implementation of cervical cancer screening,management,and follow-up.This review aims to report the state of AI with respect to cervical cancer screening.We discuss the primary AI applications and development of AI technology for image recognition applied to detection of abnormal cytology and cervical neoplastic diseases,as well as the challenges that we anticipate in the future.

Identifying Comprehensive Genomic Alterations and Potential Neoantigens for Cervical Cancer Immunotherapy in a Cohort of Chinese Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix

Objective Genomic alterations and potential neoantigens for cervical cancer immunotherapy were identified in a cohort of Chinese patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC).Methods Whole-exome sequencing was used to identify genomic alterations and potential neoantigens for CSCC immunotherapy.RNA Sequencing was performed to analyze neoantigen expression.Results Systematic bioinformatics analysis showed that C>T/G>A transitions/transversions were dominant in CSCCs.Missense mutations were the most frequent types of somatic mutation in the coding sequence regions.Mutational signature analysis detected signature 2,signature 6,and signature 7 in CSCC samples.PIK3CA,FBXW7,and BICRA were identified as potential driver genes,with BICRA as a newly reported gene.Genomic variation profiling identified 4,960 potential neoantigens,of which 114 were listed in two neoantigen-related databases.Conclusion The present findings contribute to our understanding of the genomic characteristics of CSCC and provide a foundation for the development of new biotechnology methods for individualized immunotherapy in CSCC.

Sarcopenia and Anemia Are Predictors of Poor Prognostic in Cervical Cancer Patients

Objective: Evaluate pretreatment sarcopenia and anemia as prognostic factors in women undergoing treatment for cervical cancer (CC) with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Methods: 151 women with CC were analysed in this cohort study. Pretreatment computed tomography (CT) images were analysed to assess skeletal muscle index (SMI). Hazard ratios (HR) and multivariate Cox proportional HR were used to analyse association between low SMI, age, body mass index (BMI), haemoglobin levels, histological type, and International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage with PFS and OS. Results: A total of 151 patients were included, 53 (35.1%) presented pretreatment sarcopenia;51 (34%) stage I/II and 100 (66%) stage III/IV. Among those patients in advanced stage (III/IV) 37 (70%) (p = 0.28) were sarcopenic at the beginning of treatment. Sarcopenia was associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in our cohort [HR 0.97 (p = 0.01)] [HR 0.73 (p = 0.001)], as well as anemia [HR 0.73 (p = 0.001)] [HR 0.78 (p = 0.001)]. Linear regression models indicated that despite showing no association with age, neutrophil or platelet counts, sarcopenia was associated with pretreatment anemia levels (p = 0.01). After a multivariate analysis, only haemoglobin (anemia) and complete CCRT remained associated with PFS and OS. Sarcopenia and anemia were associated with worse PFS and OS in FIGO stage I/II. Conclusion: Pretreatment sarcopenia was significantly associated with low haemoglobin levels. Anemia and incomplete CCRT were independently associated with poor prognosis in women with CC. Pretreatment sarcopenia, as low SMI, was a predictor of poor prognostic in early stages of CC.

Cervical Cancer Prediction Empowered with Federated Machine Learning

Cervical cancer is an intrusive cancer that imitates various women around the world. Cervical cancer ranks in thefourth position because of the leading death cause in its premature stages. The cervix which is the lower end of thevagina that connects the uterus and vagina forms a cancerous tumor very slowly. This pre-mature cancerous tumorin the cervix is deadly if it cannot be detected in the early stages. So, in this delineated study, the proposed approachuses federated machine learning with numerous machine learning solvers for the prediction of cervical cancer totrain the weights with varying neurons empowered fuzzed techniques to align the neurons, Internet of MedicalThings (IoMT) to fetch data and blockchain technology for data privacy and models protection from hazardousattacks. The proposed approach achieves the highest cervical cancer prediction accuracy of 99.26% and a 0.74%misprediction rate. So, the proposed approach shows the best prediction results of cervical cancer in its early stageswith the help of patient clinical records, and all medical professionals will get beneficial diagnosing approachesfrom this study and detect cervical cancer in its early stages which reduce the overall death ratio of women due tocervical cancer.

Relationship between Stigma and Marital Satisfaction in Cervical Cancer Patients

Objective: To investigate the status quo of stigma and marital satisfaction of patients with cervical cancer, and analyze the correlation between them, to provide a reference for making intervention plans for patients with cervical cancer. Methods: 216 patients in a third-class first-class hospital in Zhengzhou were investigated by convenient sampling method, using a general information questionnaire, social impact scale, and Olson marriage quality questionnaire. Results: The total stigma score of cervical cancer patients was 73.00 (62.00, 76.00), which was high. The total marital satisfaction score is 36.00 (26.00, 38.00), in the middle level. There was a negative correlation between marital satisfaction and stigma (P Conclusion: The stigma of patients with cervical cancer is at a high level, and their marital satisfaction is at a medium level. Medical staff should give them health education through various channels, pay attention to low-income patients, improve marital satisfaction, and reduce stigma.

Correlation analysis of human papillomavirus E6/E7 mRNA detection with diagnosis,prognosis and recurrence risk in patients with cervical epithelioma

BACKGROUND Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)is an important precursor of cervical cancer.Early detection and treatment can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.AIM To investigate the detection rate of human papillomavirus(HPV)E6/E7 mRNA in cervical tissue of patients with different types of epithelial cell neoplasia(CIN)and its relationship with CIN progression and diagnosis.METHODS One hundred women with HPV infection detected by cervical exfoliation cytology between January 2022 and January 2023 were retrospectively selected.These patients were graded CIN based on colposcopy and cervical pathology.The positive expression rates of HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV[polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-reverse dot crossing]were compared among all groups.Patients with HPV E6/E7 mRNA expression in the grade 1 CIN group were followed up for 1 yr.The relationship between atypical squamous epithelium and high malignant epithelial neoplasia was investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis.RESULTS The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,and sensitivity of PCR-reverse point hybrid ization technology for secondary CIN were 70.41%,70.66%,and 0.714,respectively.Sensitivity and specificity for secondary CIN were 752%and 7853%,respectively,the area under the curve value was 0.789.Logistic Multifactorial model analysis revealed that the HPV positive rates and the HPV E6/E7 mRNA positive rates were independent risk factors of CIN grade I(P<0.05).In CIN grade I patients with positive for HPV E6/E7 mRNA,in its orientation to grade CIN patients,in its orientation to grade CIN patients,at 69.2%,compared with patients negative for HPV E6/E7 mRNA(30.8%),significant difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSION HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV(PCR-reverse dot hybrid)positive expression have a close relationship with CINgrade disease progression and is an independent risk factor for high-grade CIN lesions.